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Biomedical subjects

A Sjögren

Publications and source records attributed to A Sjögren.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Outcome of inguinal hernia surgery.

A consecutive series of 584 patients, operated for 635 groin hernias, was clinically evaluated at a median of 6 years after surgery. The cumulative recurrence rate was 16%, established by clinical examination and in uncertain cases with herniography; for primary hernias 14.6% and for recurrent hernias 20.7%. The recurrence rate for indirect hernias was 12.9% and for direct hernias 25%. The direct type of hernia was more frequent among recurrent hernias than among primary hernias (p less than 0.005), indicating that they were overlooked at or caused by the primary operation. The recurrences were noted by the patients themselves in 71% but only 58% had taken the initiative towards another repair. Considering the great number of hernia operations performed and the presented poor long-term results, the need for more research and interest focused on hernia surgery is indicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Magnesium and potassium status in healthy subjects as assessed by analysis of magnesium and potassium in skeletal muscle biopsies and magnesium in mononuclear cells.

Magnesium and potassium concentrations were determined in plasma, erythrocytes and urine collected during 24 h, and in percutaneous muscle biopsies obtained in 30 healthy subjects. Magnesium was also analyzed in mononuclear cells. Men, compared to women, showed a higher urinary excretion of magnesium (p less than 0.05). The magnesium contents in mononuclear cells correlated significantly with the concentrations of magnesium in muscle biopsies (r = 0.63; p less than 0.001) and with the urinary losses of magnesium (r = 0.40; p less than 0.05). A significant interrelationship between magnesium and potassium was found in striated muscle (r = 0.65; p less than 0.001), and the contents of potassium in muscle biopsies correlated significantly with the levels of potassium in plasma (r = 0.41; p less than 0.05). In a separate study the day-to-day variations for the magnesium and potassium parameters were investigated during 5 consecutive days in 7 healthy subjects. The coefficient of variation for magnesium in mononuclear cells was comparably low (8.0%), considering the wide range between the subjects. This indicates that magnesium in mononuclear cells might be a valuable parameter in longitudinal follow-up studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Short-term haemodynamic effects of dopexamine in patients with chronic congestive heart failure.

Dopexamine (FPL 60278) is a new dopamine analogue which possesses a combination of dopamine receptor and beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonist properties. The aim of our study was to evaluate the short-term haemodynamic effects of dopexamine administered by intravenous infusion at different dosage rates. Eight patients with chronic congestive heart failure were studied. A dose of 1 microgram kg-1 min-1 produced a 27% decrease in systemic vascular resistance index (32.6 to 23.9 res. units m2, P less than 0.001 and a significant increase in cardiac index (2.7 to 3.6 l min-1 m-2, P less than 0.001). Stroke volume index and heart rate increased significantly by 22% and 7%, respectively. An increase in left ventricular stroke work index was also seen at the dose level inducing the maximum cardiac output. Left ventricular filling pressures and arterial blood pressures were not affected. We conclude that administration of dopexamine to patients with congestive heart failure augments cardiac performance at rest.

Adrenergic Agonists↗
PubMed1986

Vasomotor responses of isolated human coronary arteries to magnesium, nitroglycerin and verapamil: a comparison with coronary arteries from cat and rat.

The vasomotor responses in vitro to magnesium, nitroglycerin and verapamil were investigated in human coronary arteries. In order to examine possible species differences in reactivity to these agents, experiments were performed also on cat and rat coronary arteries. Potassium (124 mM) regularly produced stable contractions suitable for experiments with dilator agents. The order of potency for eliciting relaxation was the same in all three species; verapamil greater than nitroglycerin greater than magnesium. Maximum relaxation induced by nitroglycerin or magnesium was significantly lower in arteries from cat as compared to that obtained in coronary artery segments from man and rat. Spontaneous rhytmic activity was often present in human coronary arteries but never in arterial segments from cat or rat. The rhytmic activity was frequently enhanced by the addition of prostaglandin F2 alpha (3 microM) to the tissue bath, on the other hand the rhythmic activity was depressed, or even abolished, by potassium (124 mM), magnesium (1.2-13.2 mM), nitroglycerin (2.2 X 10(-5) M) or verapamil (10(-8)-10(-7) M). The magnitude of the vasomotor response of feline coronary arteries to nitroglycerin or verapamil was dependent on the extracellular concentration of magnesium; in the presence of a high concentration of magnesium (4.4 mM) the dilator effect of nitroglycerin was enhanced while that of verapamil was slightly depressed. The dilator activity of the two agents was not changed by incubation of the vessel segments in a magnesium-free medium as compared to that obtained in the standard (1.2 mM Mg) buffer solution.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effects and development of tolerance using transdermal nitrates in the treatment of congestive heart failure.

Vasodilator therapy is an accepted mode of treating patients with severe congestive heart failure (CHF). Nitrates have a predominantly beneficial effect on preload, but also afterload may be beneficially modulated with higher doses. There is some evidence that long-term treatment with isosorbide dinitrate is beneficial in patients with CHF. By contrast, recent reports of 24 hour hemodynamics following transdermal delivery seem disappointing and rapid development of tolerance has been observed.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1986

Magnesium deficiency in IDDM related to level of glycosylated hemoglobin.

Magnesium and potassium were analyzed in plasma, erythrocytes, and urine collected during 24 h and in muscle biopsies from 25 subjects with insulin-dependent, type I diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Magnesium was also measured in mononuclear cells. The results were compared with those of 28 healthy controls, and were also correlated with the degree of diabetic control as estimated by analysis of the level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Subjects with IDDM had significantly lower muscle (P less than 0.01) and plasma (P less than 0.001) concentrations of magnesium compared with those of healthy controls. The HbA1c levels correlated significantly with the concentrations of magnesium in muscle (r = -0.62, P less than 0.001), plasma (r = -0.62, P less than 0.001), and mononuclear cells (r = -0.47, P less than 0.05). The results indicate that some patients with IDDM have lowered contents of magnesium in striated muscular and/or plasma, and that those parameters are dependent on the degree of diabetic control.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Vasomotor effects of magnesium: a comparison with nifedipine and verapamil of in vitro reactivity in feline cerebral and peripheral arteries.

The vasomotor effects of magnesium ions and the calcium entry blockers nifedipine and verapamil have been studied in isolated feline cerebral, coronary and femoral arteries preconstricted by 124 mM potassium or 3 microM prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha). The order of potency for eliciting relaxation was: nifedipine greater than verapamil greater than magnesium. Magnesium showed the same profile of action as the calcium entry blockers in cerebral and coronary arteries, while the maximum relaxation obtained by magnesium was significantly smaller in femoral arteries constricted by potassium as compared with that of nifedipine (p less than 0.001) and verapamil (p less than 0.01). Besides this relaxant effect, magnesium was found to act as a constrictor during certain conditions; addition of magnesium to femoral arteries which had been preconstricted by PGF2 alpha in a magnesium-free solution resulted in relaxation in low concentrations and contraction at higher concentrations. In separate experiments, a raised extracellular concentration of magnesium was found to enhance the constrictor response to PGF2 alpha in femoral but not in coronary arteries. Cerebral arteries showed a pattern of reaction that was somewhat different from that observed in peripheral arteries. The level of maximum relaxation by magnesium in cerebral arteries was twice that found in peripheral arteries. Cerebral arteries were significantly more sensitive to verapamil than peripheral arteries.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Measurements of magnesium in mononuclear cells.

In this study analysis of magnesium in mononuclear cells was compared to that in muscle in patients and healthy controls. Mononuclear cell concentrations of magnesium expressed as nmol/mg cell protein correlated significantly with muscle biopsy concentrations of magnesium (r = 0,68; p less than 0,001). Hence, we suggest that analyzing of magnesium in mononuclear cells could be an easy and convenient way to estimate tissue magnesium.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Comparative efficacy of oral sotalol and procainamide in patients with chronic ventricular arrhythmias: a multicenter study.

In an open, randomized, crossover study, the efficacy of sotalol and procainamide was compared in 33 patients with frequent, chronic premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). A 75% reduction in PVCs/24 hours (two 24-hour recordings) was arbitrarily considered to constitute an adequate therapeutic effect. Sotalol was started at a dose of 160 mg once daily for 1 week, followed by a 24-hour recording. In the absence of any therapeutic effect, the same procedure was repeated with 320 mg, 480 mg, and 640 mg daily. Procainamide, 1 gm three times/day, was given or, if plasma concentrations were insufficient, 1.5 gm three times/day for 1 week. PVC control was obtained in 22 (67%) patients on sotalol, including all 12 with ischemic heart disease. Procainamide was successful in 13 (39%) patients. Effects on the number of attacks of ventricular tachycardia were achieved by both drugs in those patients where PVCs were reduced by at least 75%. Sotalol caused side effects in five patients, who therefore could not accept planned increases in dosage. Side effects were noted by 12 patients with procainamide. Nine patients responded to both drugs, seven to neither. Thirteen responded to sotalol only and four to procainamide only. We conclude that sotalol is a useful alternative to procainamide in controlling chronic PVCs, especially in patients with ischemic heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Long-term treatment with metoprolol after myocardial infarction: effect on 3 year mortality and morbidity.

The effects of metoprolol treatment in patients surviving acute myocardial infarction have been investigated in a double-blind randomized study. The patients were stratified according to age, infarct size and type of ventricular arrhythmias before administration of metoprolol, 100 mg twice daily (n = 154), or placebo (n = 147). All patients were followed up for 36 months. There were 31 (29 cardiac) and 25 (20 cardiac) deaths in the placebo and metoprolol groups, respectively. Subgroup analyses showed a significant reduction of cardiac death in patients with a large infarct (32.1% with placebo versus 12.5% with metoprolol, p less than 0.05) as a result of active treatment. Sudden death rates were 14.7% in the placebo versus 5.8% in the metoprolol group (p less than 0.05). The incidence of nonfatal reinfarction was 21.1% in the placebo versus 11.7% in the metoprolol group (p less than 0.05). The reduction in nonfatal reinfarction was similar in all pretreatment risk strata. The difference between the two groups in cumulative number of cardiac deaths and patients experiencing nonfatal reinfarction increased throughout the study. Furthermore, cerebrovascular events (p less than 0.05) and coronary bypass surgery (p = 0.058) were more frequent in the placebo group. In conclusion, after 36 months of metoprolol treatment after myocardial infarction, there was a significant reduction of nonfatal reinfarction and sudden death in all patients and a reduction of cardiac death in those with a large infarct.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Platelet counts in myocardial infarction, angina pectoris and peripheral artery disease.

Serial determinations of peripheral venous platelet counts were performed in 43 consecutive patients with acute chest pain. On admission, patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) had a significantly lower mean platelet count (p less than 0.05). Thereafter a further reduction was seen with steadily reduced platelet counts by about 20%, both in comparison with healthy controls (p less than 0.001) (n = 113) and patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) without heart symptoms (p less than 0.005) (n = 54). The platelet number increased one week after admission and even thrombocytosis was observed. The changes in platelet number during AMI seem to parallel the changes in platelet function. Patients with PAD had normal mean platelet counts. Female patients as well as healthy subjects had significantly higher values than men (p less than 0.01).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

High-dose prenalterol in beta-blockade intoxication.

This study presents a case of beta-blocker intoxication due to massive overdose of metoprolol (7.5 g). Prenalterol in a dose of 420 mg was given as antidote, in combination with epinephrine in intermittent doses. Resuscitation was performed during 4 hours because of mechanical asystole. The patient regained health in 24 hours after further repeated doses of 30 mg prenalterol. Prenalterol is valuable in the management of toxic doses of beta-blocking drugs, and a titration to extremely high doses of prenalterol might be necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Oocyte maturation as regulated by follicular factors.

Follicular fluid (FFl), obtained from 24 women treated with clomiphene/hCG in an in vitro fertilization program, was characterized with respect to steroid hormone levels and oocyte maturation inhibitor (OMI) activity. Three FFl samples apparently were derived from cystic follicles and contained low steroid levels and no OMI activity in an in vitro rat oocyte assay. The remaining 21 follicles contained normal preovulatory steroid levels and mature and generally fertilizable oocytes. In 7 of these follicles the FFl (at 50% concentration) significantly inhibited rat oocyte meiosis, while 14 exerted no OMI activity. The results confirm earlier work on porcine and human FFl, suggesting that the putative OMI activity declines with follicular maturation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Structures of two different surface layers found in six Bacteroides strains.

The structures of crystalline layers from six Bacteroides strains were studied by electron microscopy. Two different hexagonal crystalline surface layers were found, one with a unit cell spacing of 21.5 nm and another with a spacing of 7.7 nm. A three-dimensional structure of the 21.5-nm layer and a two-dimensional projection of the 7.7-nm layer were determined to 3.0- and 3.8-nm resolution, respectively, by computerized image processing of electron micrographs. Both of these two crystalline layers were found in all six strains studied: B. pentosaceus NP333T and WPH61, B. capillus ATCC 33690T and ATCC 33691, and B. buccae ATCC 33574T and ES57. This further supports the identity of B. pentosaceus, B. capillus, and B. buccae as suggested by M. Haapasalo, K. Lounatmaa, H. Ranta, H. Shah, and K. Ranta (Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 35:65-72, 1985). The surface layer with 21.5-nm spacing is an intricate network with two classes of pores through the layer.

Bacteroides↗
PubMed1985

Steroid secretion by cumulus cells isolated from human preovulatory follicles.

The secretion of progesterone, testosterone, and oestradiol by intact human oocyte-cumulus complexes in vitro was examined in incubations lasting 6-24 h. The complexes were aspirated from preovulatory follicles in 32 women who, due to tubal disease, were participating in an in vitro fertilization program. In 12 of the women follicular maturation was induced with clomiphene and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), in 13 women with human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG) and hCG and in 7 women with a combination of clomiphene-hMG plus hCG. The net secretion of steroids into the fertilization medium was studied before (0-6 h) and after (6-24 h) the addition of sperm, by RIA of aliquots removed at specific times. A high and sustained secretion of progesterone was found both before and after insemination. Testosterone secretion remained at a low and constant level while a net release of oestradiol was found mainly during the first hours of incubation. The release of steroids, particularly progesterone, varied according to the mode of hormonal stimulation in vivo and was highest in complexes from clomiphene-hMG-treated women, probably reflecting different maturity of the aspirated follicles. In a second series of experiments the dispersed cumulus cells were recovered after fertilization and cultured as monolayers for 2-4 days. The cells underwent spontaneous luteinization and secreted high amounts of progesterone. These results extend previous work in animals showing that also in the human the periovulatory cumulus cells are steroidogenically active. The results also suggest a functional difference in the cumulus cells related to the mode of ovulation induction.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1985

Effect of gonadotrophins on progesterone secretion by cultured granulosa cells obtained from human preovulatory follicles.

Granulosa cells were obtained from human preovulatory follicles in 31 women undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer due to tubal infertility. Follicular maturation was stimulated and synchronized by treatment with Clomiphene or human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG), or both, plus human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). Follicles were aspirated by ultrasound guided puncture approximately 34-36 h after the hCG injection. The granulosa cells were washed and suspended in modified medium 199 containing 10% foetal bovine serum and cultured as monolayers for 6-8 days in the absence and presence of hormones and reactants. Progesterone formation was analyzed by RIA. In general, the cells underwent morphological luteinization and secreted high amount of progesterone. Under basal conditions the secretion of progesterone was highest during the first 2 days in culture and then gradually declined. Progesterone secretion was stimulated by human LH, hCG and the adenylate cyclase stimulator forskolin, with a maximal effect between days 2-6. The beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol in preliminary experiments potentiated the stimulatory effect of hCG but had no own stimulatory effect. No clear differences in progesterone secretion or responsiveness to in vitro stimulation relating to the various in vivo stimulation protocols were found.

Cell Count↗