Biomedical subjects

A Slabý

Publications and source records attributed to A Slabý.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1995

Bioethical concepts of health in medicine.

As a fundamental human need, and consequently one of the principal ethical values, health has to be examined both from the experiential and normative aspects. The following concepts of health have successively developed and found their place in internal medicine: a) absence of manifest disorders, b) state of complete well-being, c) active process aimed at achieving consistency of functions in a dynamic equilibrium with the environment, in order to secure optimum satisfaction of biological and cultural needs. The essential unity of the somatic, psychic, social and spiritual dimensions of the human person should be considered, when assessing health of individual subjects as well as of the whole community.

Health↗

PubMed1993

[Ethical decision-making on limitations and needs in terminal care].

Many physicians are refusing euthanasia as a possible solution of a patient's excessive distress, being aware of their responsibility for decision-making in the terminal care. A sharp dividing line has to be drawn between accepting inevitable death and unjustifiable manipulations with human life based on arbitrary qualitative criteria. Ethical decision-making should proceed from the particular clinical situation, which influences the definition of ordinary and extraordinary therapeutic means. Contemporary medicine has progressed towards authentic terminal care, respecting the fundamental needs of the terminally ill patient, in all dimensions of human person.

Ethics, Medical↗

PubMed1992

Does sequential automated measurement improve the estimate of resting blood pressure?

Repeated blood pressure measurements made in sequence over short time intervals have been recommended in some studies of antihypertensive drugs, with the aim of improving the estimate of 'true' resting BP values. In order to examine this claim, the variance of four sequential automatic recordings of BP and heart rate was evaluated in 66 subjects. The oscillometric Nippon Colin BP-103N sphygmomanometer has been previously shown by our group to give accurate and consistent measurements of BP. The means and medians of three sequential readings, by significantly decreasing the variability, were found to be superior to single measurements. The recorded mean arterial pressures were significantly higher than those calculated according to the current formula, on average by 3.6 mmHg, being situated between one third and one half of the distance between the systolic and diastolic pressures. The Page's rank test revealed that the first measurements were not uniformly the highest ones. Since the variability of the first to third BP values did not differ, medians of the three sequential recordings made at one minute intervals can be recommended as a standard BP characteristic.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Contribution of automatic sphygmomanometers for one-time measurement of blood pressure].

Due to high intra-individual variability of arterial blood pressure, single measurements provide only estimates of true actual values. Two or three recordings made in sequence in one or a few minutes' intervals are recommended in some clinical studies of antihypertensive therapy, with the aim of decreasing the variability. In order to examine the value of repeated measurements made on one occasion, four sequential resting recordings of blood pressure and heart rate made in one minute intervals with the automatic oscillometric Nippon Colin BP-103N sphygmomanometer were evaluated in 66 subjects, using the analysis of variance methods. Means of three recordings showed a significantly lower variability than single measurements (almost by one half), while the difference between three and four readings was not significant. The Page's rank test revealed that the first measurements are not uniformly the highest ones, and therefore the medians of three readings made in sequence are recommended as characteristics of resting blood pressure. An advantage of the oscillometric method is the possibility of measuring mean arterial pressure. The recorded values were significantly higher than those calculated from the systolic and diastolic pressures according to the current formula, being situated between one third and one half of the pulse pressure. The intra-individual coefficient of variation of the recorded mean arterial pressure was comparable with that of systolic and significantly lower than that of diastolic pressure.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Evaluation of automatic sphygmomanometers].

In clinical evaluation of a new type of automatic sphygmomanometer, a strict comparability of results with the standard indirect auscultatory method is required. We have compared the oscillometric apparatus BP 103 N Nippon Colin (B) with the Hawksley random zero mercury sphygmomanometer (A) in a stratified sample of 26 subjects using a cross-over design of four simultaneous pairs of measurements in both arms by two observers. Mean values obtained by machine B were higher than values obtained by machine A, by 0.56 kPa systolic and by 0.62 kPa diastolic. Analysis of variance showed that the differences between both machines were within the random variability of blood pressure values obtained, and therefore irrelevant at single measurements. In case of blood pressure measurements in an epidemiological study, a correction of values should be done using the regression model B = K. Ac.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Evaluation of an automatic sphygmomanometer].

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Lower cardiovascular responsiveness in men with a positive family history of hypertension who remain normotensive in middle age.

Within the framework of a primary preventive study in 760 research workers aged 30-59, laboratory examinations of cardiovascular responsiveness to upright posture, cold and mental stress (Stroop word-colour interference test and ranking of three-digit numbers) were performed. Twenty men with essential hypertension (Stage I-II) not treated with antihypertensive drugs were selected from this population (Group 3) and matched with normotensive subjects with a negative (Group 1) and positive (Group 2) family history of hypertension, according to age, weight, neuroticism and Type A behaviour. Hypertensive men showed higher pressor responses to cold and mental stress tests than normotensive ones. Significantly lower anticipation and test responses were found in Group 2 as compared with Group 1 and 3, i.e. in those subjects who remained normotensive to higher age in spite of having a positive family history of hypertension. This fact suggests an important--intrinsic or modulating--role of cardiovascular responsiveness to physiological and psychological challenges in the manifestation of the genetic disposition for essential hypertension.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Clinical evaluation of the Nippon Colin BP-103N blood pressure monitor.

The automatic oscillometric Nippon Colin BP-103N blood pressure-monitor was evaluated in comparison with the Hawksley random zero mercury sphygmomanometer using standard methods. The monitor under test was found significantly to over-read mean systolic pressures by 4.2 mmHg and mean diastolic pressures by 4.6 mmHg. The coefficient of variation was 5.4% for systolic and 6.4% for diastolic pressures. Analysis of variance showed that the difference between the two manometers was within the random variability of readings obtained.

Adult↗

PubMed1986