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Biomedical subjects

A Slomiany

Publications and source records attributed to A Slomiany.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Lipid composition of human labial salivary gland secretions.

Extraction of the dialysed and lyophilized labial saliva with chloroform/methanol yielded 423.8 +/- 73.0 micrograms of lipids/ml of saliva, a level 4-5 times higher than in the major salivary glands. Of the total lipids, 32.4 per cent were represented by neutral lipids, 44.6 per cent by glycolipids and 23.0 per cent by phospholipids. Neutral lipids had a high content of free fatty acids (43.8 per cent), cholesteryl esters (26.9 per cent) and triglycerides (15.4 per cent). The glycolipids consisted mainly of neutral (74.6 per cent) and sulphated (25.4 per cent) glyceroglucolipids, whereas phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and phosphatidylserine accounted for 54.7 per cent of the total phospholipids.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Enzymatic sulfation of glycolipids by human gastric mucosa.

A sulfotransferase activity which catalyzes the transfer of sulfate group from 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate to galactosylceramide and triglucosyl monoalkylmonoacylglycerol has been demonstrated in antral and fundic mucosa of normal human stomach. With both types of mucosa maximum activity for sulfation of galactosylceramide was obtained at pH 6.8, whereas the pH optimum for sulfation of triglucosyl monoalkylmonoacylglycerol was 7.8. The reactions were stimulated by the addition of Triton X-100, Mg2+ and F1-. The sulfotransferase activity of fundic mucosa for the synthesis of sulfated glyceroglucolipid was about two times higher than that of antral mucosa, while the enzyme activity for sulfation of glycosphingolipid was similar in both areas of the stomach.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Association of lipids with proteins and glycoproteins in human saliva.

The distribution of lipids in the fractions of parotid and submandibular saliva following Bio-Gel A-50 column chromatography was measured. Over 50% of the total lipids of submandibular saliva was found in the fraction which contained mainly the high-molecular-weight glycoprotein. This fraction also contained most of the glycolipids, free fatty acids, phospholipids, and cholesterol. In the parotid saliva, the fraction containing the basic glycoprotein (the major glycoprotein fraction of parotid saliva) contained 35% of the total saliva lipids and was enriched in phospholipids ana cholesterol esters.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Lipids of supragingival calculus.

The matrix of supragingival calculus constitutes 15.7% of the calculus dry weight and contains 54.9% protein and 10.2% lipids. Of the total lipids, 61.8% are represented by neutral lipids, 28% by glycolipids, and 10.2% by phospholipids. The neutral lipids exhibit a high content of free fatty acids (63.9%) and triglycerides (15.8%). The glycolipids are comprised of simple glycosphingolipids (17.2%), mainly lactosyl- and glucosylceramides, and of neutral and sulfated glyceroglucolipids (82.8%). The phospholipids contain large quantities of phosphatidylethanolamine (34.2%) and diphosphatidylglycerol (25.5%). Comparison with salivary and submandibular stone lipids indicates that both saliva and bacteria contribute to the lipid content of supragingival calculus.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1983

Lipid composition of human parotid salivary gland stones.

The parotid gland stone matrix constitutes 20.2% of the stone dry weight and contains 8.5% of lipids. Of the total lipids, 74% are represented by neutral lipids, 17% by glycolipids, and 9% by phospholipids. The neutral lipids exhibit a high content of free fatty acids (52.7%) and cholesteryl esters (31.1%). The glycolipids are composed of simple glycosphingolipids (7.1%), and of neutral and sulfated glyceroglucolipids (92.9%). Phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol are the principal constituents of the phospholipid fraction.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1983

Enzymatic sulfation of glycosphingolipids in rat parotid salivary glands.

The results of this study demonstrate that sulfatoglycosphingolipids of rat parotid salivary glands consist of galactosylceramide and lactosylceramide sulfates. The enzyme activity which catalyzes the formation of these compounds in vitro via transfer of sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate to galactosyl- and lactosylceramide is located in the microsomal fraction of parotid glands. This sulfotransferase exhibits its optimum activity at pH 6.8 and requires the presence of Triton X-100, Mg2+, and F1-.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Lysolecithin and glyceroglucolipids in gastric secretion of patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer.

Basal and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretions, collected (at 15-min intervals for 1 h) from six duodenal ulcer and six gastric ulcer patients, were analyzed for their content of lecithin, lysolecithin, and glyceroglucolipids. Whereas the glyceroglucolipid concentrations and the molar ratios of lysolecithin to lecithin (2.5:1) in basal and stimulated secretions from patients with duodenal and gastric ulcer were similar, significant (p less than 0.01) differences were noted between these two groups with regard to the lysolecithin contents. The basal secretions of patients with duodenal ulcer contained about 4.5-fold less (204 mumol/l) of lysolecithin than those from patients with gastric ulcer (932 mumol/l). After pentagastrin stimulation, the lysolecithin concentrations in the secretion from duodenal ulcer patients rose slightly (to 212 mumol/l), whereas a twofold decrease (to 440 mumol/l) in lysolecithin was observed in the secretion from patients with gastric ulcer. Statistically significant correlation between concentrations of lysolecithin and glyceroglucolipids was only observed in basal (r = 0.85, p less than 0.05) and stimulated (r = 0.93, p less than 0.01) secretions from patients with gastric ulcer. It is concluded that high concentrations of lysolecithin in the secretion of gastric ulcer patients results in the weakening of the gastric mucosal barrier by depleting its glyceroglucolipid component.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effect of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 and ethanol on the constituents of gastric mucus.

The effect of ethanol, 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (DMPGE2), and ethanol after DMPGE2 pretreatment on the solubilization of protein, glycoprotein, and glycolipid constituents of gastric mucus was investigated. The Lucite chamber stomach-flap preparation was used in dogs whose basal H+ secretion was inhibited by intravenous cimetidine. Graded concentrations (5-80%) of ethanol produced a dose-dependent decrease in potential difference (PD) which was accompanied by an increase in the content of proteins, glycoproteins, and glycolipids of the instillates. This effect was most pronounced at 40% ethanol. Exposure of gastric mucosa to DMPGE2 at 0.01 microgram/ml had no effect on the transmucosal PD, and the content of investigated components in the instillates increased only slightly over the saline control levels. DMPGE2 at 0.1 microgram/ml, although it did not induce an evident fall of PD, evoked a moderate increase in glycoprotein and glycolipid liberation. Higher doses (above 1.0 microgram/ml) of DMPGE2 were associated with the fall of PD and the increased solubilization of proteins, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. Pretreatment of the mucosa with DMPGE2 in a dose of 1.0 microgram/ml diminished the liberation of the investigated components from the gastric mucosa by 5 and 10% ethanol, but did not prevent the changes evoked by higher concentrations (20-80%) of ethanol. These data indicate that DMPGE2 applied topically protects in part the gastric mucosa against the ethanol-induced solubilization of mucus constituents.

16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2↗
PubMed1982

Biosynthesis in vitro of a sulfated triglucosyl monoalkylmonoacylglycerol by rat gastric mucosa.

A sulfotransferase activity which catalyzes the transfer of the sulfate ester group from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to triglucosyl monoalkylmonoacylglycerol to form sulfated triglucosyl monoalkylmonoacylglycerol (SO3H-6Glc alpha 1 leads to 6Glc alpha 1 leads to 6Glc alpha 1 leads to 3-1,(3)-O-alkyl-2-O-acylglycerol) has been demonstrated in the rat gastric mucosa. The most enzyme activity was found in the cytosol fraction. Optimum enzymatic activity was obtained using the detergent Triton X-100, F1-, and Mg2+ at a pH of 7.8. The ATP, ADP, and dithiothreitol had inhibitory effects on the sulfotransferase. The enzymatic activity increased proportionally, over a given range, with increased concentrations of both substrates and of enzyme. The apparent Km of the enzyme for triglucosyl monoalkylmonoacylglycerol was 6.9 x 10(-5) M, and for 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, 8.5 x 10(-7) M. The enzyme did not catalyze the transfer of sulfate to galactosylceramide. The results of compositional analyses and permethylation studies of the 35S-labeled product of the enzymatic reaction established that the sulfate ester group is located at C-6 on the terminal glucose residue.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Characterization of the Forssman-active oligosaccharides from dog gastric mucus glycoprotein isolated with the use of a monoclonal antibody.

The structure of carbohydrate chains of dog gastric mucus glycoprotein bearing Forssman antigenic determinant was investigated. The reduced oligosaccharides obtained by alkaline borohydride reductive cleavage of the glycoprotein were chromatographed on a immunoaffinity column containing monoclonal anti-Forssman antibody coupled to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose 4B. The bound oligosaccharides, eluted from the affinity column with 6 M urea, separated on thin layer chromatography into two major components. These two compounds, representing 92% of the absorbed oligosaccharides, were purified to homogeneity, and their structures and antigenic properties were determined. Based on the results of immunological assays, analysis of sugar composition, sequential degradation with specific glycosidases, and methylation analyses of the intact and enzyme-degraded compounds, we propose the following structures for these oligosaccharides. (formula, see text).

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Lipid composition of tracheobronchial secretions from normal individuals and patients with cystic fibrosis.

The lipid composition of tracheobronchial secretions from normal individuals and patients with cystic fibrosis was investigated. Lipids were extracted from he dialyzed and lyophilized samples, and fractionated on silicic acid columns into neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids. The lipids contained each fraction were separated into individual components by thin-layer chromatography and quantified. The secretions of patients with cystic fibrosis and were found to contain about 30% more lipids than that of normal individuals and exhibited elevated levels of cholesterol, phospholipids and glycosphingolipids. The level of free fatty acids and glyceroglucolipids was higher in the normal secretions. The phospholipids of cystic fibrosis secretions exhibited higher content of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylserine, while the normal samples contained more lysophosphatidylcholine. The glycosphingolipids of both types of samples consisted mainly of glucosyl- and lactosylceramides. The major glyceroglucolipid of the normal tracheobronchial secretions was tetraglucosyl glyceroglucolipid, whereas hexa-and octaglucosyl glyceroglucolipids were the predominant compounds of the cystic fibrosis secretions.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1982

Lipid composition of human parotid and submandibular saliva from caries-resistant and caries-susceptible adults.

The lipid content and composition of parotid and submandibular saliva from caries-resistant (DMFS of 0) and caries-susceptible (DMFS greater than 15) adults was investigated. Lipids were extracted from dialysed and lyophilized saliva, collected from 10 subjects in each group, and fractionated into neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids. The lipids in each fraction were separated into individual components by thin-layer chromatography and quantitated. The parotid and submandibular saliva of caries-resistant subjects contained 37 and 35 per cent fewer lipids/100 ml of saliva than that of the caries-susceptible group, and had less (p less than 0.001) neutral lipids and phospholipids. The neutral lipids of caries-resistant saliva contained (mg/100 ml of saliva) considerably (p less than 0.001) fewer free fatty acids, triglycerides and cholesterol esters. The glycolipids consisted exclusively of glyceroglucolipids and their content was similar in both groups. The content of phospholipids in the salivas of the caries-resistant was 25 and 33 per cent lower than that of the caries-susceptible. The data suggest a relationship between the level of lipids in salivary secretions and resistance to caries.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Lipid composition of the matrix of human submandibular salivary gland stones.

The lyophilized stone matrix, prepared by exhaustive dialysis of pulverized stones against 10 per cent EDTA and water, yielded 9.6 +/- 0.9 mg per cent of lipids. Following fractionation of the lipid extract on silicic acid columns, 57 per cent of lipids were found in the neutral lipid fraction, 40 per cent in the glycolipid fraction and 3 per cent in the phospholipid fraction. Of the total neutral lipids, 77.3 per cent were represented by free fatty acids, 14.7 per cent by cholesterol, 4.1 per cent by triglycerides and 3.2 per cent by cholesterol esters. The glycolipid fraction was comprised of simple glycosphingolipids (11.3 per cent), mainly lactosyl- and glucosylceramides, and of neutral and sulphated glyceroglucolipids (88.7 per cent). The sulphated glyceroglucolipids consisted of tri- and tetraglucosyl glyceroglucolipids, whereas hexa- and octaglucosyl glyceroglucolipids were the predominant constituents of the neutral glyceroglucolipid fraction. The phospholipids exhibited a high content of sphingomyelin (22.3 per cent), phosphatidylcholine (12.1 per cent), phosphatidylethanolamine (11.4 per cent), phosphatidylserine (10.5 per cent) and lysophosphatidylcholine (13.3 per cent). The major fatty acids of the neutral lipid fraction were hexadecanoate, octadecanoate and octadecenoate. The glycolipids contained large quantities of hexadecanoate and tetracosanoate, while the hexadecanoate, octadecanoate and tetracosanoate were the principal fatty acids of the phospholipid fraction.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Lipid composition of submandibular saliva from normal and cystic fibrosis individuals.

The submandibular saliva of patients with cystic fibrosis was found to contain about 66% more lipids/100 ml of saliva than that of normal individuals and exhibited elevated levels of neutral lipids, phospholipids, and glycolipids. No significant differences were noted in the proportions of individual neutral lipid and phospholipid components present in both types of samples. The glycolipids of normal saliva consisted entirely of glyceroglucolipids, whereas those of cystic fibrosis saliva, in addition to glyceroglucolipids, also contained small amounts of glycosphingolipids. These quantitative and qualitative differences may affect the physicochemical properties of the secretion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Glyceroglucolipids of the mucous barrier of dog stomach.

Distribution of glyceroglucolipids in the mucous barrier of dog stomach fundus, body and antrum was investigated. Surface mucus lining and preformed intracellular mucus were obtained by instillation of the ligated stomach compartments with 2 M NaCl. Lipids were extracted from the dialyzed and lyophilized samples, and the glycolipids were separated into neutral and acidic fractions. The glyceroglucolipids contained in each fraction were purified into individual components by thin-layer chromatography and were quantified. The content of glyceroglucolipids (mumol glucose/g protein) in the antral portion of the stomach was 2.1 times greater than that of the fundus and 3.4 times greater than that of the body. All three areas of the stomach contained neutral and sulfated glyceroglucolipids. However, the level of sulfated glycerolglucolipids (mumol glucose/g protein) was three times higher in the antrum as compared to the fundus and four times higher as compared to the body. The neutral and sulfated glyceroglucolipids were present in a molar ratio of 1.0 : 0.7 in the fundus, 1.0 : 1.1 in the body and 1.0 : 1.5 in the antrum.

Animals↗