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Biomedical subjects

A Spallone

Publications and source records attributed to A Spallone.

87 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Intracranial meningiomas related to external cranial irradiation.

Three cases are presented of meningiomas following small-dose external cranial irradiation in which several features clearly indicate a causal relationship between radiotherapy and tumour development. In two of them, multiple meningiomas followed X-ray treatment for Tinea capitis. The length of the latent period separates meningiomas following high-dose irradiation, usually administered for intracranial tumours, from those which followed small-dose irradiation. Therefore the oncogenic mechanism seems to act differently in the two groups. This demonstration that multiple meningiomas can occur in patients irradiated for Tinea capitis should enable other similar cases to be recognized.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Empty cavity and giant tears.

A nine-year-old girl presented with a loss of vision in her left eye after minor head trauma one month prior to being seen. Ophthalmoscopy disclosed a complete retinal detachment with a giant tear. She also had serious orthopedic problems. Her father and brother had retinal detachment and joint diseases. The differential diagnosis is discussed and the diagnosis of Stickler's syndrome is made.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Topographical distribution of barrier function in cervico-cephalic arteries of dog. Major cerebral arteries possess definite barrier function?

Topographic distribution of barrier function in normal canine cervico-cephalic arteries was studied using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and Evans blue as tracers. The carotid sinus of the internal carotid artery (ICA) was conspicuously permeable to HRP when compared to other areas of major cervical arteries. The cavernous portion of the ICA also showed prominent permeation of HRP, especially through the outer surface, which is covered with venous endothelial cells. On the luminal side of the cavernous portion of the ICA, barrier deficiency was noted at angulated segments such as the carotid siphon. Intracranial segments of both ICA and vertebral arteries demonstrated incomplete barrier function of the first 1 to 4 mm from the origin of the intradural segments. These areas were considered to be transitional sites in barrier function between extra- and intracranial arteries. Focal, but definite, barrier disruption was also noted at the distal ends of the ICA and other arterial branching sites of major intracranial arteries. While opening of the interendothelial junctions was considered to be one of the mechanisms causing increased permeability in the cavernous ICA, the mechanisms for the permeation of HRP into the major cerebral arteries could not be confirmed ultrastructurally.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of hyperosmolar solutions on cerebral arterial smooth muscle.

The present study was conducted to clarify the effect of hyperosmolar solutions on the constrictor responses of cerebral arteries to vasoactive agents, in vitro. The canine basilar arteries under resting tension were slightly relaxed with both mannitol (0.5, 1 and 2%) and sucrose (1, 2, and 4%). Constrictor responses of canine basilar arteries to 40 mM K+, 10(-7) M serotonin or 10(-6) M prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) were markedly suppressed by pretreatment with either mannitol or sucrose. The rate of suppression correlated well to osmolarity changes in the Kreb's solution. When the specimens were incubated in Ca++-free medium, 10(-6) M PGF2 alpha elicited small contractions. Addition of 1 mM Ca++ to the bath promptly elicited larger contractions. The large contractions in response to the influx of extracellular Ca++ were markedly suppressed by pretreatment with mannitol or sucrose, while the small contractions induced by intracellular Ca++ were not inhibited. In addition, the contractions induced by the addition of Ca++ to the specimens depolarized with 80 mM K+ in Ca++-free medium were dose-dependently inhibited with either mannitol or sucrose, while the caffeine-induced contractions in Ca++-free medium were not altered by mannitol. These results suggest that hyperosmolar solutions produce non-specific vasodilation of cerebral arteries by inhibiting the influx of external Ca++ rather than the release of intracellularly stored Ca++. This direct vasodilatory effect may account in part for the transient increase of cerebral blood flow following administration of hyperosmolar mannitol.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Extra-foraminal prolapsed lumbar disc: a possible cause of recurrent sciatica in failed low-back surgery patient. Case report.

The present report describes the case of a 48 year-old woman who had undergone two separate lumbar laminectomies for a L4-L5 disc. She was admitted for a recurrent sciatica of 6-months duration, which failed to respond to conservative treatment. Myelogram on admission was negative. However CT showed a far laterally placed bulging L4-L5 disc. The patient was successfully reoperated on using a paramedian posterolateral approach on the side of the lesion. The rationale for this approach is discussed.

Cicatrix↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patient characteristics and pre-operative therapeutic modalities.

The International Cooperative Study on the Timing of Aneurysm Surgery included 68 participating centers from 16 different countries. Eight Italian neurosurgical units participated in the Study: Bellaria Hospital, Bologna; Neurological Institute of Milan, Milan; University Hospital, Brescia; University of Milan, Milan; University of Padova, Padova; University of Rome, Rome; Civil Hospital, Verona; and Civil Hospital, Vicenza. The overall case contribution from the Italian centers was 485 cases, 14.1% of the total study population. As compared to the other centers included in the Study, the Italian centers exhibited a higher percentage of patients with impaired consciousness; a later interval of planned surgery from SAH; frequent use of preoperative lumbar drainage, as well as antihypertensives, anticonvulsants, antifibrinolytics, steroids, diuretics and LMW dextran; and less frequent use of sedatives and narcotics. The individual Italian centers differed significantly in regard to patient characteristics and preoperative therapeutic modalities. There was a relatively high number of stuporous or comatose patients admitted to Centers 1, 7 and 8, very few admitted to Centers 5 and 6, and none admitted to Center 2. The different distribution of key prognostic factors prevents a direct comparison of the overall management results of the centers. A stratification of the patients according to a risk scale and/or a prognostic model is required for comparison of the management results.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical findings and postoperative therapeutic modalities.

The 8 Italian centers participating in the International Cooperative Study on Timing of Aneurysm Surgery operated upon 68% of their patients eligible for the study. This low operative rate is mainly explained by the prevailing use of a delayed surgical policy. Only 28% of cases were operated on within 3 days of hemorrhage. Although early surgery was applied in more than 50% of patients from Centers 2, 6 and 7, most other centers operated on approximately 10% of patients within this time interval. Italian centers exhibited a wide variation in planned and actual surgery interval, with only 48% of their patients eventually operated on at the planned time. Differences from planned and actual timing of surgery were less consistent in the units performing early surgery. Preoperative conditions were different between the individual centers. The percent of patients alert at the time of surgery varied from approximately 50% in Centers 3 and 7 to 90% in Center 5. Centers 2 and 6 never operated on comatose patients and rarely stuporous patients. During surgery, induced hypotension was used in 67% of Italian patients. The brain was tight at exposure in 42% of patients from Italian centers; the difference from the other study centers was very significant (p = 0.0009). Consequently major brain resection was more frequently performed in Italy than in the other centers. Brain conditions depended mainly upon timing of surgery and preoperative grade (except for comatose patients) and varied accordingly between the individual centers. Temporary arterial occlusion was rarely used in Italian centers. Intraoperative bleeding from the aneurysm was slightly more frequent than in the other centers. The overall incidence of intraoperative complications was unremarkable. There were significant differences between the Italian and the other centers regarding the use of postoperative routines and medications. In Italian centers ventricular CSF drainage, shunt insertion, ICP monitoring, sedatives and analgesics were less frequently used; lumbar CSF drainage, anticonvulsants, steroids, and diuretics were applied more frequently. In the individual centers the major differences were in the use of antihypertensives, vasopressor agents, diuretics, hypervolemia, and low-molecular weight dextran.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Carotid endarterectomy in rats. Technical note.

Carotid endarterectomy in rats. Technical note. Carotid endarterectomy is a widely used surgical procedure for stroke-threatened patients. Thrombosis is a major post-operative risk and appears to occur very early after operation is completed. Several drugs may influence the mechanism of thrombus formation, and theoretically could be considered for perioperative use in clinical cases. Therefore, inexpensive easily reproducible experimental models would be useful. This paper describes microsurgical carotid endarterectomy in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnosis of pineal area tumors using computer tomography].

Three cases with germinoma in the region of the pineal body diagnosed by means of computer tomography are described. The diagnosis was verified in all of them during operation. Computer tomography demonstrated three-dimensional structures with irregular contours in the posterior parts of the third ventricle which was seen more clearly after injection of the contrast medium. Petrifaction was found in the center of the pathological structure in all cases. The diagnostic value of computer tomography from the standpoint of the localization of the tumor is emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Surgery of the base of the skull].

To treat pathological processes, primarily tumors, in the base of the skull is one of the most intricate neurosurgical problems. In the past decade, interest in this problem has greatly increased due to the advent of new methods of diagnosis, up-to-date neurosurgical equipment and to a greater cooperation of physicians of related disciplines: ophthalmologists, otosurgeons, plastic surgeons. The authors present and summarize the experience accumulated by the researchers of the N. N. Burdenko Institute of Neurosurgery in the past 10 years in treating basal tumors. Based on a great deal of clinical findings, approaches are proposed in treating some groups of basal tumors, such and pituitary adenomas, craniopharyngiomas, meningiomas at various sites, trigeminal and acoustic neurinomas, and malignant neoplasms of the base of the skull. The conditions required for successful surgical treatment of the processes in the base of the skull are described in detail. One of them is a correct determination of a surgical approach.

Cranial Nerve Neoplasms↗