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Biomedical subjects

A Steiner

Publications and source records attributed to A Steiner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Expression of cytokeratins in granulosa cell tumors and ovarian carcinomas.

One of the problems in histopathology of ovarian tumors is differential diagnosis between the poorly differentiated carcinomas and granulosa cell tumors of the sarcomatoid type. Hence we evaluated the expression of various cytokeratins (CK 1-19; CK 10, 13, 14, 15, 19; CK 8, 18, 19; CK HMW 1, 5, 10, 11; CK 8; CK 1-19 Stähli; CK AE1/AE3) immunohistochemically in 53 ovarian malignancies (11 of them poorly differentiated carcinomas and 12 granulosa cell tumors). CK HMW was not detected in granulosa cell tumors, and in only half of the carcinomas. AE1/AE3 was expressed by more than 90% of ovarian carcinomas but by one granulosa cell tumor only. The other keratins we investigated showed higher expression rates in granulosa cell tumors and/or lower expression rates in ovarian carcinomas. We think that cytokeratin immunohistochemistry is of value in differentiating between granulosa cell tumors and ovarian carcinomas.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1992

Pigmented Spitz nevi: improvement of the diagnostic accuracy by epiluminescence microscopy.

BACKGROUND: Pigmented Spitz nevi have distinct clinical features but often may be difficult to differentiate from malignant melanoma by clinical criteria. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to use a new noninvasive diagnostic approach to improve the clinical diagnosis of Spitz nevi. METHODS: Epiluminescence microscopy (ELM) is a new, noninvasive technique for which criteria for the diagnosis of melanocytic tumors, benign and malignant, recently have been established. These criteria were tested in an investigation of 54 pigmented Spitz nevi. RESULTS: With ELM the accuracy of clinical diagnosis of pigmented Spitz nevi improved from 56% (clinical) to 93% (ELM). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that ELM criteria are useful to improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis of Spitz nevi.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of staple and suture techniques for partial typhlectomy in the cow: a prospective clinical study of 40 cases.

Two techniques for partial typhlectomy were evaluated on 20 cows each suffering from dilatation/torsion of the cecum. In a preliminary study on two cows the suitability of a stainless steel staple pattern using two TA 90 cartridges of 4.8 mm and 3.5 mm staples respectively was examined and the technique standardized. In the main clinical study the stapling pattern (group I) was compared with a simple continuous full thickness appositional suture oversewn with a continuous Cushing suture (group II). The cartridges with the 4.8 mm staples were used in 7 clinical cases, with intestinal wall edema and the 3.5 mm staples were used in 13 cases. Arterial bleeding from the cecal stump occurred in 20 out of 22 cases (including the results of the preliminary study). The number of arteries that had to be ligated was statistically significantly higher (p less than 0.05) with the 4.8 mm staples than with the 3.5 mm staples. The additional ligation of bleeding vessels prolonged the surgical procedure. Seventeen out of 20 cows (85%) of each group were discharged from the clinic. The duration of the hospital stay was 6 days for both groups. Fourteen cows (70%) of each group were still alive upon inquiry. One cow of the stapling group was slaughtered because of a severe fibrinous peritonitis at the resection site. In the other 11 cows there was no evidence of a connection between the surgery and the slaughtering.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of staple and Gambee techniques for enterotomy closure in the normal bovine jejunum.

Two suturing techniques for closure of jejunal enterotomies--the stapling and the Gambee technique--were compared in 7 bulls. Stapling was less time consuming (P less than 0.0001) and reduced the overall duration of surgery by 15%. Furthermore, the lumen diameter was significantly less decreased in the stapled intestine at 8 weeks after surgery (P less than 0.05). The diameter of the intestine increased significantly between 8 and 13 weeks after the Gambee suture had been applied (P less than 0.05) and the difference in diameter between intestines sutured according to Gambee and the stapled intestines disappeared. The intestinal diameter did not change significantly between 13 and 18 weeks in both techniques. The application of Gambee sutures resulted in fewer adhesions (P less than 0.01) and less thickening of the intestinal wall (P less than 0.0001). The surgery did not seem to affect the performance of the bulls significantly.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of adrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, and different cholinergic agents on smooth muscle preparations from the ansa proximalis coli in cattle: studies in vitro.

The effects of adrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, and different cholinergic agents on isolated muscle strips from the ansa proximalis coli in cattle were studied. Adrenaline (5 x 10(-5) mol/l) evoked a relaxing effect (p < 0.05) on longitudinal and circular muscle strips, mediated via beta- and alpha 1-receptors respectively. High concentration of dopamine (5 x 10(-4) mol/l) caused a non-significant inhibitory effect on longitudinal smooth muscles, which was probably mediated by beta- and not by dopamine-receptors. Serotonin (5 x 10(-5) mol/l) and cisapride (75 x 10(-6) mol/l) had no effect. Carbachol (2 or 10 x 10(-6) mol/l) and bethanechol (5 or 10 x 10(-5) mol/l) caused a dose-dependent (p < 0.05) contraction of both smooth muscle types. This excitatory effect was inhibited (p < 0.05) by metoclopramide (1 x 10(-4) mol/l), as well as the muscarinic agents RS-86 (5 x 10(-5) mol/l) and CGP-37,218 (37.5 or 75 x 10(-6) mol/l).

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Induction of propranolol metabolism in the Hep G2 human hepatoma cell line.

Metabolism of propranolol by the human hepatoma cell line Hep G2 was studied. Although metabolism qualitatively was similar to that in-vivo, the P450-mediated N-desisopropylation clearly predominated. Pretreatment of cells with 3-methylcholanthrene increased the activity of this pathway 14-fold, whereas phenobarbitone had no effect. This is similar to the pathway-selective inductive response observed for cigarette smoking in-vivo. As in-vivo, secondary metabolism of N-desisopropylpropranolol was extensive. This could, however, be completely blocked by 0.1 microM clorgyline, a potent MAO type A inhibitor. As in human liver microsomes, the stereochemistry of propranolol metabolism demonstrated a preference for the R(+)-enantiomer. These observations emphasize the usefulness of the Hep G2 cell line as a model of man.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1992

Nicotinate esters: their binding to and hydrolysis by human serum albumin.

Nicotinate esters were studied for their binding to, and hydrolysis by, human serum albumin. Some esters (ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl) were bound but not hydrolysed, while others (2-chloroethyl, 2-butoxyethyl) displayed the opposite behaviour; 1-carbamoylethyl ester was neither bound nor readily hydrolysed. Only p-methoxyphenyl nicotinate was both a ligand and a substrate, and its rate constants of binding and hydrolysis were calculated in a stepwise procedure using a kinetic model.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1992

Potent inhibition of MAO mediated propranolol metabolism by dimethyl sulfoxide in Hep G2 cells.

This communication reports on the effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the oxidative metabolism of propranolol by the homogenate of the human hepatoma cell line Hep G2. The formation of multiple metabolites was monitored in the absence and presence of 0.1 to 2.0% of DMSO. For the primary cytochrome P450-mediated pathways, ring oxidation was significantly reduced by 1.3 to 2.0% DMSO, whereas side-chain oxidation was not affected. A gradual inhibition of the oxidative deamination of N-desisopropylpropranolol to its glycol metabolite was seen with 20% inhibition at a DMSO concentration of 0.1% and a maximum 75% inhibition at a DMSO concentration of 0.7%. This highly selective inhibitory effect of DMSO on oxidative drug metabolism appears to be directed towards MAO type A.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Hypertension in the old age: how to treat it?].

Therapeutic agents for the treatment of hypertension in the elderly are the well known basic antihypertensive drugs (Diuretics, beta-blocking agents, calcium antagonists and ACE-inhibitors). Choice is determined by concomittant diseases increasing with age. In the elderly patient the assessment of benefit and risk is particularly essential. Drugs should therefore not be installed without exact information of the patient and be started at the smallest possible dose. If tolerance is good the dose may be raised of prescription of an additional drug be evaluated cautiously.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1991

[Hypertension in the aged: how to assess it?].

In the elderly hypertensive patient several of the basic procedures during evaluation should be repeated or performed with particular care. Most importantly multiple pressure measurements should be taken repeatedly, orthostatic reactions have to be sought by taking the blood pressure in the standing and lying patient and the carotid vessels have to be auscultated. If a carotid occlusion or stenosis is suspected, a Doppler ultrasound study is indicated prior to therapy. Generalized arteriosclerosis is probably rarely the cause of so called pseudohypertension. It should be considered when strikingly high blood pressure values contrast with clinical signs of low blood pressure. Finally if hypertension develops rapidly in an elderly patient renal arterial stenosis should be suspected.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Hypertension in the aged: when to treat it?].

According to several recent studies prevalence of hypertension in the elderly ranges from 40 to 60%. Both, systolic as well as diastolic increase of blood pressure must be regarded as individual cardiovascular risk factors. Treatment of hypertension in the elderly gains special importance in the presence of additional risk factors. There is no doubt about the benefit of antihypertensive therapy when the diastolic value amounts to 100 mmHg and more. No reliable data exist so far on a beneficial effect of the treatment of systolic hypertension. Whether hypertensive patients older than 80 years and patients with only marginal increases of blood pressure benefit from antihypertensive treatment has not been proven by current studies. If the patient's anamnesis includes cerebral stroke a cautious antihypertensive therapy may reduce cardial insufficiency without increasing the risk for another apoplexia.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Febrile state, headache and arthralgia].

A 38-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with complaints of persistent fever up to 40 degrees C, arthralgias, headache and a nonproductive cough. The white-cell count was within the normal range but was markedly shifted to the left and demonstrated toxic granulations. Sonographic examination of the abdomen revealed a slight enlargement of the spleen. A nonspecific reactive hepatitis which was clinically asymptomatic was detected by laboratory evaluation. Diagnosis of an acute Q fever was made by demonstration of antibodies against C. burnetii. Following therapy with doxycycline, the patient became afebrile within 48 hours.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Sources of error in the diagnosis and therapy of hypertension].

Possible errors in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension are discussed. The problems of blood pressure determinations are reviewed by comparing the results of sphygmomanometry in the doctor's office, of automated ambulatory blood pressure recording and of blood pressure self-measurement. In screening for renovascular hypertension one should be aware that no test is yet available which shows adequate sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, the only investigation that should be used to demonstrate a true stenosis is arteriography. When treating hypertensives it must be kept in mind that the benefits of antihypertensive medication, i.e. reducing morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease, should exceed the costs and side effects of the treatment. Finally, the effects of reduction in dose and discontinuation of antihypertensive medication are discussed.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1991

[Angiosarcoma in a mastectomy scar following irradiation].

A 74-year-old patient who had undergone radical mastectomy and postoperative radiotherapy for invasive ductal mammary carcinoma developed an angiosarcoma in the radiotherapy field without associated lymphedema. The latency time was 178 months after the first and 82 months after the second radiotherapy. The total radiation-dose was 54 Gy. Only a few such cases have so far been described. These tumors are often multifocal and their prognosis is poor. Better known are angiosarcomas appearing after radical mastectomy as a consequence of chronic lymphedema, which are known as Stewart-Treves-syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[HIV infection and syphilis. Case description and literature review].

Recent case reports emphasize that HIV infection may influence the clinical picture, course and therapy of concurrent syphilis. The case of a 32-year-old patient with coinfection by T. pallidum and HIV is presented. Clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures and therapy are discussed in the light of the current literature. False negative serologic tests for syphilis in HIV-patients raise the question of the sensitivity of these tests in HIV infection. Efficacy of therapy for neurosyphilis and the value of CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) examination in early syphilis are of increased importance in HIV infection. Current guidelines for diagnosis and therapy of syphilis in HIV patients are outlined.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1991

Diffuse melanosis in metastatic malignant melanoma.

The skin of a patient with diffuse melanosis as a result of malignant melanoma was examined by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Our findings indicate that the slate-blue discoloration in this patient was due to pigment deposition in dermal macrophages and endothelial cells. Multiple attempts to identify disseminated metastatic melanoma cells were unsuccessful.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

[Intestinal cellular reaction of cattle after infection by Fasciola hepatica].

Defence reactions of cattle against Fasciola hepatica take place not only in the liver but also on a prehepatic level. The aim of the present experiments is to identify and quantify the cellular response in the small intestine. Five groups of two bulls (Simmental x Red Holstein, 6 months old) were infected by oesophageal probe with metacercariae of F. hepatica (MC) according to two experimental procedures. Two groups of bulls served as controls. In the first experiment both infected groups received 1000 MC once or twice at an interval of five weeks. The intestinal tissue was taken before infection and 5, 10 and 19 weeks p.i., respectively 5 and 14 weeks p. reinf. (p.ri.). In the second experiment, three infected groups received 400, 2 x 400 MC (at an interval of five weeks) and 800 MC respectively. Biopsies were taken one week ante infectionem, 6, 11 and 19 weeks p.i., respectively 1, 6 and 14 weeks post reinfectionem (p. ri.). The biopsies of the small intestine were prepared for histology and the tissue sections stained as follows: Astra blue for mucosal mast cells (MMC), Lendrum for eosinophils (EOS) and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) for goblet cells (GC). The density of the three cell populations in the mucosa was determined microscopically and quantified. In both experiments the density of the MMC and EOS increased with each reinfection and depended on the infectious dose. There was no significant variation of the GC-numbers. The described intestinal cellular reactions suggest a participation of the small intestinal wall in the immunity against the common liver fluke.

Animals↗