[Dynamics of calving, dystocia and the organization and effectiveness of obstetrical care for cows on commercial farm complexes].
A study was carried out on the organization of the obstetrical aid with cows on the large cow complexes in order to raise its effectiveness. Determined was the dynamic of calvings, dystocia, retentio secundinarum, and puerperal endometritis as affected by the time of calving and the character of obstetrical aid as practised on the farms. It was found that most of the calvings (62.6 per cent) take place at night, and 37.4 per cent--in daytime, while within the working day as fixed by the Labour Code--24.8 per cent only. Directly proportional to these were the cases of laboured delivery--60.4 per cent at night and 39.6 per cent in daytime. It was also established that at night obstetrical aid is chiefly rendered by the attendants on duty and the watchmen, which meant that it was unqualified, with bad results: higher rate of postnatal deaths, higher morbidity rates resulting from puerperal endometritis, prolonged period from calving to the first physiologic estrus and prolonged service period, lower conception rates, and higher economic losses. The authors suggest that the organization of labour of vets should take into consideration the productional and biologic processes on the industrial cow complexes, with night duty or two-shift work. These problems should be settled financially and by means of additional personnel as provided by the Labour Code and the new economic approach and its mechanisms.