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Biomedical subjects

A Sullivan

Publications and source records attributed to A Sullivan.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Cervical carcinoma: a drug-responsive tumor--experience with combined cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin therapy.

Thirty-five patients with advanced cervical cancer were treated with a combination chemotherapy regimen comprising cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin (PVB). Sixty-six percent of 33 evaluable patients showed objective tumor response and complete remissions were seen in six (18%) patients. The median duration of tumor response in patients with recurrent cervical cancer was 24 weeks (range 8 to 104 weeks). Multivariate analysis of pretreatment variables including prior radiotherapy did not identify patients with a higher response probability. Nausea and vomiting were usual side effects of chemotherapy and there was one definite treatment-related death. Cervical cancer is responsive to cisplatin based combination chemotherapy. The role of chemotherapy in conjunction with radiotherapy or surgery in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer remains to be defined.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Hypoglycemia as the responsible factor in a truck driver accident fatality.

A case of hypoglycemia causing a truck driver to lose control of his vehicle and his resulting traumatic asphyxia death is presented. The incident was considered suspicious in spite of poor visibility, because an experienced, healthy operator lost control in the early morning hours after a relatively short (4-h) drive. The autopsy revealed no evidence of natural disease and the driver had no alcohol or drugs in his system. Although this is apparently a rare occurrence, the diagnosis of underlying hypoglycemia as the causative factor in a traffic fatality can be reasonably suspected and accurately made if appropriate specimens are properly obtained and tested. Legislation mandating the retention of antemortem blood specimens on all trauma patients will permit more accurate assessment of most chemical etiologies of traffic accidents.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1983

Lactic acid concentrations in vitreous humor: their use in asphyxial deaths in children.

Lactic acid concentrations in brain tissue of humans have been shown to increase with an extended agonal period. Infants and children dying from various causes are undergoing different stress conditions terminally and the postulate of this study is that natural death cases and traumatic asphyxia cases are characterized by varying agonal periods, the former being somewhat prolonged with the latter being rather brief. One-hundred-and-two cases of infants and children were examined for vitreous humor lactic acid concentrations. They were divided into two major categories, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and non-SIDS cases. SIDS was further divided into SIDS without additional findings and SIDS with secondary findings which contributed to death. The non-SIDS category included traumatic asphyxia cases as well as those dying from blunt trauma, known respiratory diseases, and other causes. Categorical mean values and standard deviations were calculated. The vitreous humor lactic acid mean value for traumatic asphyxia was significantly lower than the mean value for SIDS. Also the mean value for known respiratory diseases was statistically lower than the mean value for SIDS with secondary findings. These findings are probably suggestive of agonal time differences and may be a reflection of the various mechanisms of death.

Asphyxia↗
PubMed1982

A monoclonal antibody marker of human primitive endoderm.

Monoclonal antibodies were raised against the human germ-cell tumor line, LICR LON HT39/7. The cells of this human embryonal carcinoma cell line were first fixed in formol saline and then dehydrated prior to immunization so that antibodies were produced which reacted with antigens surviving conventional histological processing. Eleven hybrid clones secreted antibody that reacted with both formol saline-fixed and living cells of the immunogen. One of these antibodies, LICR LON FC 10.2, has been found to react with a membrane glycoprotein of molecular weight 200,000 restricted in distribution to the surfaces of undifferentiated teratoma-derived cell lines, the luminal surface of human fetal intestine and bronchus and areas of putative endodermal differentiation within germ-cell neoplasms.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1981

Cytologic screening for cancer of the uterine cervix. "The debate of 1980s".

A review of 2971 cytology specimens taken during 4725 college student clinic visits yielded only 14 abnormal Pap smears suggestive of mild to moderate dysplasia. Eight of these patients had colposcopic evaluation and seven had biopsy-proven dysplasia. These findings in a low-risk population along with the recent American Cancer Society's guidelines are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Nonsurgical aortoplasty in Leriche syndrome.

The abdominal aorta was dilated with a pair of 9-mm balloon catheters in a patient with Leriche syndrome. The bilateral pressure gradient, initially 60 mm Hg, disappeared even after papaverine was injected. Balloon dilatation of the abdominal aorta may be an effective, safe nonsurgical technique, particularly in localized, noncalcified atheromata, and does not carry the risk of impotence seen with surgical endarterectomy or bypass.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1979

Isolation, cryopreservation, and autotransplantation of human stem cells.

We have used cryopreserved autologous hematopoietic cells to repopulate bone marrow of patients receiving intensive chemotherapy and radiation. We employed the technique of density step centrifugation to concentrate stem cells from whole bone marrow. The concentrate of cells was frozen in vials using dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) as a cryo-protective agent and was stored in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen. Test vials were thawed and assayed for myeloid stem cells (CFU-C) to determine the potential of the larger marrow aliquot. These test values were compared to the recovery of cells and CFU-C when the marrow was used for autotransplantation. The return of hematopoietic function after autotransplantation was evaluated and correlated with the dosage of cells and CFU-C infused.

Bone Marrow Cells↗
PubMed1978

Effect of rabbit anti-human B-cell antigens on the response of lymphocytes stimulated by blastogenic factor.

It has been shown that specific antisera to B-cell determinants can block stimulation in the human mixed lymphocyte reaction. Therefore, it is of interest to study the effect of anti-human B-cell serum on blastogenic activities of the cell-free culture medium (CFM) derived from cultures of human blood lymphocytes. B-cell antigen was prepared from human B-cell line as a glycoprotein complex of mol. wt 27,000 and 33,000. Rabbit antisera to the B-cell antigen after absorption with human platelets or T-cell line (MOLT 4) was shown to react only against B cells but not T cells. The antisera suppressed human mixed lymphocyte reaction but did not affect the response of lymphocytes to PHA. The proliferative response of T-cell enriched population induced by blastogenic factor from lyphocyte cultures was markedly suppressed by the antisera. The inhibited reactivity irrespective of the source (autologous, allogeneic, mixed, T or B cells) of CFM. This is compatible with an effect caused by their interactions with the responding cell rather than blastogenic factor in the CFM. The results of the kinetic experiments suggest that addition of the antiserum at intervals after initiation of the culture only prevents the CFM stimulation of the responder cells that have not yet become committed to divide.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1976

Granulocytic stem cells in Friend leukemia.

Friend virus induces a leukemia characterized by the proliferation of neoplastic hematopoietic cells believed to be erythroid precursors. In vitro studies were conducted with spleen cells from mice with terminal Firend leukemia in order to determine their capacity for leukocytic differentiation. Spleen cells were obtained from leukemic DBA/2 mice 1 to 2 days before anticipated death and cultured in the presence or absence of colony-stimulating activity (CSA). Growth in liquid culture in dissusion chambers was dependent on CSA and resulted in the generation of normally differentiated granulocytes and macrophages. Colony formation in agar was also dependent on CSA, and the cloning efficiency of leukemic spleen cells was found to be approximately 10 times normal. The colonies formed were composed of leukocytes, which appeared morphologically normal. Total in vitro colony-forming units per leukemic spleen exceeded normal by more than 300-fold, but cells elaborating CSA were decreased. Although it is uncertain whether the stem cells stimulated by CSA are "normal" or leukemic," it is clear that Friend leukemia has profound effects on the proliferation and differentiation of nonerythroid stem cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Drug-induced changes in the superficially located stores of calcium in heart sarcolemma.

Excitation-contraction coupling in heart muscle cells depends upon an inward displacement of Ca2+ from the extra- to the intracellular phase. Some of the Ca2+ which is displaced inwards is probably derived from superficially located binding sites. Drugs which increase the peak tension developed during contraction, e.g., catecholamines and the cardiac glycosides, may act by increasing the amount of Ca2+ which becomes available for participation in the events associated with excitation-contraction coupling. The catecholamines increase in the amount of Ca2+ which is displaced inward from the extracellular phase, whereas the cardiac glycosides apparently act by increasing the exchangeability of the Ca2+ which is stored at binding sites located at the plasma membrane. Other drugs, e.g., verapamil, act in the reverse manner, decreasing the amount of Ca2+ which is available for displacement from the superficially located binding sites. These observations will be discussed in terms of an hypothesis that the plasma membrane represents an important site of drug action, and that many drugs which alter the contractile performance of the heart do so because of their ability to modify the ability of the plasma membrane to accumulate and exchange Ca2+.

Animals↗