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Biomedical subjects

A Summerfelt

Publications and source records attributed to A Summerfelt.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Clinical predictors of relapse following neuroleptic withdrawal.

The validity of previously hypothesized predictors of elapse following neuroleptic discontinuation was examined. One hundred sixty-two outpatients, with either Research Diagnostic Criteria schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, were discontinued from neuroleptic medication for a 28-day period or until judged to be relapsed. Pre-discontinuation neuroleptic dosage level, the severity of psychotic symptoms, and the presence of dyskinetic movements prior to neuroleptic discontinuation were the predictor variables. Of the 162 patients, 62.7% did not relapse during the study period. There were no differences in the survival rates between the patients withdrawn from oral versus depot neuroleptics. Neuroleptic dosage, but not severity of psychotic symptoms or dyskinetic movements, predicted relapse. These results support the hypothesis that pre-withdrawal neuroleptic dosage level predicts relapse, but fail to validate either severity of psychotic symptoms or presence of dyskinetic movements as predictors of relapse.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Meal order reversal: effects of eating a sweet course first or last.

The aim of the experiment was to determine the effects of eating a sweet food either as a first course or as a third course on intake during a three-course lunch. Twenty normal weight, non-dieting male subjects were run twice in a counter-balanced design. The first and third courses were interchanged and consisted of either a sweet (candy bar) or savory (cheese or crackers) food, both of similar palatabilities and energy densities. Intake of these foods, when they were eaten as a first course, was the same. The two first courses had no differential effects on intake of the middle course (spaghetti with meat sauce and a salad), which was the same in both conditions. Intakes in the third course did not differ significantly between conditions, but intake was slightly higher when the candy was eaten. Intake of the candy bar was similar in the first and third courses, but intake of the cheese on crackers was significantly lower (p less than 0.0007) as the third course. Total energy intake over the entire meal was 6% higher when the candy bar was eaten last, but this was not significant. Thus, there was no indication that eating candy as a first course affected appetite and food intake differently from eating the same amount of a non-sweet food such as cheese on crackers, which was similar in energy density and palatability. However, more studies with different foods in a situation more similar to a normal meal are needed before it can be concluded that sweet and savory foods at the start or end of a meal always have the same effects on appetite and food intake.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

ROUNDS, a new time-sampling methodology for the quantitative behavioral assessment of schizophrenic withdrawal. Reliability and validity.

Negative symptoms in schizophrenia have been the subject of much research interest. However, there has been a need for a way to measure withdrawal behavior quantitatively over time. We have developed a behavioral time-sampling methodology performed by nursing staff on a schizophrenia inpatient unit. Called ROUNDS, it gathers reliable and valid quantitative data about specific withdrawal behaviors such as posture, daytime sleep and levels of social interaction and activity. This paper describes the development of the method, its implementation, the statistical analysis of its reliability and validity, and the degree to which the data can be replicated with different sampling frequencies. We contend that this method can be applied to the analysis of a wide variety of questions about the nature and treatment response of schizophrenic withdrawal in an inpatient setting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Rating affective flattening from videotaped interviews.

Semistructured interviews with 28 schizophrenic patients were videotaped. The affective flattening section of the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) was rated after each interview. At a later date, each videotape was rated by three raters as well as the interviewer. Reliability was estimated within and across rating conditions by intraclass correlation. Comparison of reliability scores across rating conditions indicated that the videotape medium had little effect on the ability of raters to rate affective flattening similarly.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Hunger and food intake following consumption of low-calorie foods.

Although high-intensity sweeteners are widely used to decrease the energy density of foods, little is known about how this affects hunger and food intake. We have studied the effects of consumption of commercially available foods sweetened with either sucrose or aspartame on subjective appetite ratings and food intake. When normal-weight non-dieting males and females were given large portions of either a high- or low-calorie pudding or jello and instructed to eat as much as they liked, they ate similar weights of the different caloric versions of each food. Despite the resulting difference in caloric intake (up to 206 kcal), subjects showed only a non-significant trend towards caloric compensation when presented with a variety of foods 2 h later. Total caloric intake (preload plus test meal) did not differ between conditions. Ratings of hunger, desire to eat, the amount subjects wanted to eat, and the pleasantness of the taste of the eaten food were similarly decreased and fullness similarly increased by consumption of the different caloric versions of the foods. Awareness of the caloric content of the foods did not influence intake or appetite in that both informed and uniformed subjects responded similarly in the tests. Thus reduced calorie foods suppressed ratings of hunger for several hours after consumption, but were not associated with a significant reduction in total energy intake.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Food intake in dieters and nondieters after a liquid meal containing medium-chain triglycerides.

Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) may be of benefit in the control of body weight by reducing food intake but this has not been established in humans. The effect of three doses (100, 200, and 300 kcal) of preloads of two complete liquid diets containing either 30% long-chain triglycerides (LCT) or 24% MCT with 6% LCT on subsequent intake was tested in dieting and nondieting females. Thirty minutes after consuming these preloads, subjects were offered a varied self-selection lunch. The major finding was that in the nondieters MCT at all doses was followed by a significantly decreased caloric intake in the lunch. Dieters were unresponsive to the type of dietary fat and tended to eat the same number of calories regardless of the preload. Although MCT can reduce short-term food intake in some individuals, further experiments are required to establish the possible benefit of MCT in weight control.

Adolescent↗