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Biomedical subjects

A Svanborg

Publications and source records attributed to A Svanborg.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Tobacco smoking, ageing and health among the elderly: a longitudinal population study of 70-year-old men and an age cohort comparison.

In the population study Seventy-year-old People in Göteborg, 449 70-year-old men were examined in 1971/72. Out of these, 331 were re-examined in 1976/77 at age 75, together with a cohort-comparison group of 474 70-year-old men. Cohort differences and a lower smoking prevalence at higher ages were observed. The loss of body weight after the age of 70 was higher in smokers and was not due to differences in energy intake. The levels of certain blood components showed differences among smokers compared to non-smokers, indicating an influence on liver metabolism and on the hormone function. Tobacco smoking was not only related to ill health but also to an impaired functional capability in bone mineral density, pulmonary function and muscle strength.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Metabolic effects of digitalis.

In a study of two representative population samples of 70-year-olds, one of which was followed up at 75 years of age, digitalis treatment was associated with oestrogen-like metabolic effects, indicated by changes in the composition of the plasma phospholipid fraction. Digitalis treatment, at least at these ages, is related to metabolic effects even in patients lacking more obvious clinical signs such as gynaecomastia. The results suggest that digitalis treatment may have other oestrogenic effects, e.g. on the water and sodium balance, counteracting the cardiotropic effects of this drug.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1982

Lipid metabolic studies in oophorectomized women: effects of synthetic progestogens on individual serum phospholipids and serum lecithin fatty acid composition.

Norethisterone acetate (NET), levonorgestrel (NORG) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) were administered to oophorectomized women to evaluate the effects on individual serum phospholipids as well as serum lecithin and cholesterol ester fatty acid composition. Blood samples were drawn after a 3-week period without hormonal replacement therapy and after 3 weeks on each progestogen. NORG reduced cepahlin and lecithin with a concomitant increase in lysolecithin. This shift in individual phospholipids has previously been induced by exogenous androgens. The 17C-alkylated synthetic progestogens NET and NORG but not the non-alkylated MPA caused a redistribution among the 1-position fatty acids of serum lecithin with an increase in palmitic concomitant with a decrease in stearic acid. These findings indicate differences between 19-nortestosterone derivatives and 17-hydroxyprogesterone derivatives in effect on individual serum phospholipids and in influence on liver lecithin synthesis as judged from serum lecithin fatty acid composition.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Mortality among the widowed in Sweden.

This study consists of three parts. In the first part the risk of death for widowed persons is studied as a function of time interval since the day of bereavement. The effects of bereavement on mortality are investigated in all widowed people in Sweden (about 360 000) from 1968 to 1978. Among widowers above 65 years of age there are nine deaths per 1000 in excess compared with married men during the first 3 months after bereavement. In comparison with married people in the age group 70-74 it is found that among widows there is an increased mortality by 22% and among widowers by 48% during the first 3 months after bereavement. Further observation, during a period of altogether 11 years, showed that excess mortality continues, though at a lower level. In the second part, causes of death in the age group 70-74, divided according to marital status, are studied on the basis of data from the National Central Bureau of Statistics. The excess in mortality is due mainly to cancer and cardiovascular deaths, but also accidents, suicides and cirrhosis of the liver. The third part deals with differences between marital status groups with respect to tobacco smoking and alcohol abuse by using data from the population study of "70-year-olds in Göteborg" (H 70). By using data from central registers together with data from the population study it is possible to show that life style factors have an impact on the difference in mortality pattern between married and widowed people in Sweden.

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PubMed1981

Blood components in a 70-year-old population.

The concentrations of many blood components change with age, and the aim of the present study was to determine, at the age of 70, the concentrations of blood components commonly used in clinical routine, and to examine how the exclusion of probands with disease influenced their distribution. In connection with a longitudinal population study "70-year-old people in Göteborg" 30 blood components have been analyzed in a representative sample of 973 70-year-old men and women. 29% of the probands were found to be without definable disease or treatment for presumed disease. Concentrations of 13 components were found to have a gaussian distribution which was not altered after the exclusion of probands with definable disease. Three components were asymmetrically distributed in the total material and showed a normal distribution with decreased concentrations at the 97.8% level after the exclusion of probands with definable disease. The remaining 14 components had asymmetrically distributed concentrations both in the total material and in the subjects without definable diseases. For blood components with normally distributed concentrations in the probands without definable disease, acceptable reference values could be obtained without exclusion of sick probands. For asymmetrically distributed blood components the concentration at the 97.8% level usually decreased more, after exclusion of probands with definable disease, the more asymmetric the distribution was. Examples of reference intervals are (men and women) B-Hb: 130--171 and 119--159 g/l, S-iron: 6--29 and 5--28 mumol/l, S-creatinine: 52--110 and 44--100 mumol/l, P-cholesterol: 3.6--9.2 and 4.6--9.7 mmol/l, P-B12: 50--350 and 65--390 pmol/l, B-ESR: 1--30 and 2--34 mm/h and B-glucose: 4.0--7.2 and 4.0--6.8 mmol/l.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Effects induced by two different estrogens on serum individual phospholipids and serum lecithin fatty acid composition.

Eleven oophorectomized women (mean age 34.5 +/- 5.9) received two treatment cycles, one of the 17-C-alkylated ethinyl estradiol 20 microgram per day, and the second of the non-alkylated estrogen, estradiol valerate 2 mg per day for six weeks in separate periods preceded by six weeks without hormonal replacement therapy. Blood samples were drawn before and after six weeks on each estrogen. The samples were assayed for individual phospholipids i.e. cephalin, lecithin, lysolecithin and sphingomyelin after separation of these lipids by thin layer chromatography. The relative fatty acid composition of serum and high density lipoprotein lecithin and serum cholesterol ester was determined by gas liquid chromatography. Both estrogens reversed the symptoms of estrogen deficiency and had similar effects on serum individual phospholipids i.e. causing an increase in lecithin concomitant with a decrease in lysolecithin. It is suggested that this lecithin-lysolecithin shift could depend on an inhibition of the hepatic lipase and its phospholipase A1-activity. Both estrogens increased serum lecithin arachidonic acid without causing any change in linoleic acid (the major essential fatty acid), which indicates that this increase in arachidonic acid could be an estrogenic effect independent of dietary factors. Ethinyl estradiol caused an increase in palmitic and a decrease in stearic acid in the 1-position of serum lecithin while estradiol valerate did not influence these fatty acids at all. This palmitic-stearic acid shift induced by ethinyl estradiol is interpreted as a non-hormonal "drug-effect" linked to the liver toxicity of 17-C-alkylated steroids in spite of the lack of influence on routine liver function tests.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Previous alcohol consumption and its consequences of ageing, morbidity and mortality in men aged 70-75.

In a population study of 70-year-old people in Göteborg, 468 70-year-old men were examined in 1971/72 and then re-examined (342) in 1976/77 together with a cohort-comparison group of 489 70-year-old men. Registration twice or more at the Temperance Board (recidivists)was found to be the best epidemiological measurement available for previous alcohol abuse or large-scale alcohol consumption. About 10% in all three examination groups met this criterion. The morbidity of diabetes and chronic bronchitis, the consumption of care and the mortality rate were higher among recidivists. Furthermore, this study showed a lower functional ability in cognitive tests, muscle strength, gonadal function, pulmonary function, visual acuity, walking ability and density of the skeleton among recidivists. In chemical analysis of the blood several significant differences of obvious trends were found.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Loneliness in the Swedish aged.

Feelings of loneliness in relation to disease, handicaps, social network and social background were studied in a representative sample of 1,007 70-year-old people living in Göteborg, Sweden. The results showed that loneliness was a problem to 24% of the women and 12% of the men. The study allowed a detailed analysis of the association between feelings of loneliness and health, disabilities due to other than medical reasons, consumption of social and medical service, social contacts, cognitive functioning and personality traits. The most important factors related to the feeling of loneliness were the loss of spouse, depression of mood and lack of friends. The lonely had a negative self-assessment of health and consumed more out-patient care, social welfare help and sedatives. The higher consumption of medical service and/or social care was, however, not associated with a higher prevalence of definable somatic disease or handicaps.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Previous job and health at the age of 70.

The influence of previous job on health at the age of 70 has been investigated in two representative contrast groups belonging to the population study "70-year-olds in Gothenburg". Anamnestic information, clinical and laboratory data were compared in probands with sedentary work and with arduous manual work. An increased incidence of traumatic injury and an inability to hear whispering at a distance of 5 meters were observed among the heavy workers. In this group, there was also a statistically significantly increased frequency of cyanosis, dyspnea, and post-inflammatory sequelae found on X-ray examination, even if an association between facial cyanosis and exposure to wide ranging atmospheric temperatures and ultraviolet irradiation must be considered. Although the blood pressure levels were almost identical the comparison between the two contrast groups showed an increased incidence of hypertension configuration of the heart and an elongation of the aorta among the manual workers. Thus, the main differences indicated that arduous work was associated with increased risk of traumatic injury, impaired hearing and a certain pulmonary dysfunction, whereas no difference was found in the prevalence of circulatory diseases and diseases of the back and peripheral joints, for example. A very generalized conclusion might be that in the group of elderly people having survived to the age of 70 previous job had not markedly influenced their state of health.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Institutional care among 70-year-old people in an urban population. A medical and social characterization.

Within the framework of the longitudinal gerontological and geriatric population study in Göteborg, Sweden, the sample of which comprising altogether 1148 70-year-old males and females in 1971/72, those 32 probands, 15 males and 17 females, who were institutionalized were studied in more detail. The types of institutions were for care of somatic diseases (5 males and 9 females), for alcohol abusers (6 males and no female), and for mental diseases (4 males and 8 females). The impressions was that the overwhelming majority of these probands should not manage to be at home without great personnel and technical resources.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Physical training in old men.

In order to investigate to what extent physical training might influence age-related changes in muscle strength and muscle composition, 12 70-year-old men were trained for 45 minutes three times a week for 12 weeks with dynamic and static exercise. The subjects in the study were free of cardiovascular and locomotor symptoms. After training the aerobic capacity was increased and static and dynamic muscle strength at all measured angular velocities increased significantly. In the control group none of these changes was seen. The fibre composition showed a significantly higher proportion of Type II fibres after training. Enzymatic evidence of training adaptation was found with significant increments in enzymes as muscle myokinase and lactate dehydrogenase. The results have shown that aerobic capacity and muscle strength are trainable in 70-year-old men.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Dyspnea in 70-year-old people.

In the population study "70-year-old people in Göteborg" 45.5% of the probands were found to have an increased exertional dyspnea or to be short of breath at the medical examination. We have found it interesting to estimate to what extent a subjective experience of dyspnea at the age of 70 is related to disease and whether it is available for treatment. Out of these probands, 64% of the males and 48% of the females suffered from cardiac failure or pulmonary disease, compared to 48% of males, and 24% of females without dyspnea. Among dyspnoic probands without cardiac failure and pulmonary disease, ischemic heart disease was significantly more common than in probands without dyspnea. Probands with dyspnea but without cardiopulmonary disease felt less healthy and were more tired than others, although an objective health screening showed no difference between the two groups. They also had a significantly lower peak flow rate. A dyspnea that was not statistically related to disease was found in 30% of the males and 43% of the females. During a 5-year follow-up there was no statistically significant difference in mortality between dyspnoic probands without cardiopulmonary disease and others.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Lipid metabolic studies in oophorectomized women: effects induced by two different estrogens on serum lipids and lipoproteins.

11 oophorectomized women (mean age 34.5 +/- 5.9) were given the 17-C-alkylated ethinyl estradiol (EE) 20 microgram/day and the non-alkylated estrogen, estradioil valerianate (E2V) 2 mg/day for 6 weeks in separate periods preceded by 6 weeks without hormonal replacement therapy. Blood samples were drawn before and after 6 weeks on each estrogen. Serum phospholipids, cholesterol and triglycerides were assessed. Preparative ultracentrifugation with the isolation of the very low density (VLDL; d < 1.006 g/ml); the low density (LDL; d = 1.006-1.063 g/ml) and the high density lipoprotein (HDL; d > 1.063 g/ml) fraction was carried out. In the three lipoprotein fractions, phospholipid, total cholesterol, free cholesterol and triglycerides were determined. An oral glucose tolerance test with concomitant plasma insulin determination was performed. In the present study EE caused an increase in serum total and LDL triglycerides while there was a reduction of triglycerides in serum as well as in VLDL and LDL when E2V ws administered. There was a positive correlation between plasma insulin values during oral glucose tolerance test and serum and VLDL triglycerides when E2V was administered. This finding supports earlier studies indicating that insulin (or rather the insulin-glucagon relationship) influences the hepatic triglyceride production rate. Both EE and E2V increased HDL cholesterol, but E2V did not induce a concomitant increase in serum triglycerides which would suggest a more physiological effect from the latter compound since fertile females have lower serum triglycerides and higher HDL cholesterol levels than males of corresponding age. The same differences are true in a comparison between fertile and post-menopausal women.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Lipid metabolic studies in oophorectomized women. Effects of three different progestogens.

Ten oophorectomized women (ranging in age from 27 to 45 years, having a mean age of 34.5 years with a standard deviation of 5.3) were given three different progestogens (norgestrel, norethisterone and medroxyprogesterone) in treatment periods of 3 weeks' duration immediately preceded by 3 weeks "wash out" periods. Venous blood samples were drawn before and after each treatment period. Free and total cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids were determined in the three lipoprotein fractions: Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL). Individual phosphatides were determined after thin layer chromatography. In addition, the relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin and cholesterol esters were assessed by gas-liquid-chromatography. Both norethisterone and norgestrel caused a decrease in alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol. The relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin revealed an increase of biochemical pathway 1 for liver lecithin synthesis on norgestrel and norethisterone but no major changes on medroxyprogesterone. With norgestrel an increase in serum-lysolecithin concomitant with a decrease in lecithin was observed, while the two other progestogens did not induce any significant changes. From the present data it is suggested that the 19-norethisterone derivatives, norethisterone and especially norgestrel, have androgen-like influences on lipid metabolism. Medroxyprogesterone, being a 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, caused less changes and consequently less disturbance of lipid metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Variables related to affective mental disorders in the elderly. Social life, somatic and mental health at the age of 70 and 75.

It is reported about a population study of 70-year-old people in Gothenburg with the special concept of suffering from loneliness. The aim was to study factors that might cause or be the consequences of loneliness. In this study 12% of males and 25% of females suffered from loneliness. The lonely women felt sick more often and visited physicians more frequently than the other women, whereas diseases such as coronary insufficiency had no obvious relationship to feeling of loneliness. Together with other symptoms is the feeling of loneliness one symptom in a syndrom of depression of mood and low life satisfaction.

Aged↗