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Biomedical subjects

A T Pedersen

Publications and source records attributed to A T Pedersen.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Hormone replacement therapy and risk of non-fatal stroke.

BACKGROUND: The effect of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the risk of subtypes of stroke is as yet unclear. To investigate the effect of oestrogen and combined oestrogen-progestagen therapy on the risk of non-fatal haemorrhagic and thromboembolic stroke, we carried out a case-control study. METHODS: From the Danish National Patient Register we identified all Danish women aged 45-64 years who had a non-fatal, first-ever cerebrovascular attack during 1990-92. Two age-matched controls were randomly selected for each case from the Danish National Person Register. Important correlates of hormone use and stroke, on which information was obtained from postal questionnaires, were controlled for by multivariate analyses based on log-linear graphical models. The analyses included data on 1422 cases classified in four subtypes of stroke (160 subarachnoid haemorrhage, 95 intracerebral haemorrhage, 846 thromboembolic infarction, 321 transient ischaemic attack) and 3171 controls. FINDINGS: After adjustment for confounding variables and correction for the trend in sales of HRT preparations, no significant associations were detected between current use of unopposed oestrogen replacement therapy and non-fatal subarachnoid haemorrhage (odds ratio 0.52 [95% CI 0.23-1.22]), intracerebral haemorrhage (0.15 [0.02-1.09]), or thromboembolic infarction (1.16 [0.86-1.58]), respectively, compared with never use. Current use of combined oestrogen-progestagen replacement therapy had no significant influence on the risk of subarachnoid haemorrhage (1.22 [0.79-1.89]), intracerebral haemorrhage (1.17 [0.64-2.13]), or thromboembolic infarction (1.17 [0.92-1.47]). A significantly increased incidence of transient ischaemic attacks among former users of HRT and among current users of unopposed oestrogen may to some extent be explained by selection--HRT users being more aware of symptoms than non-users. INTERPRETATION: Unopposed oestrogen and combined oestrogen-progestagen replacement therapy have no influence on the risk of non-fatal thromboembolic or haemorrhagic stroke in women aged 45-64 years.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1997

Changes in serum concentrations of growth hormone, insulin, insulin-like growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins 1 and 3 and urinary growth hormone excretion during the menstrual cycle.

Few studies exist on the physiological changes in the concentrations of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) within the menstrual cycle, and some controversy remains. We therefore decided to study the impact of endogenous sex steroids on the GH-IGF-IGFBP axis during the ovulatory menstrual cycle in 10 healthy women (aged 18-40 years). Blood sampling and urinary collection was performed every morning at 0800 h for 32 consecutive days. Every second day the subjects were fasted overnight before blood sampling. Follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone (LH), oestradiol, progesterone, IGF-I, IGFBP-3, sex hormone-binding globulin, dihydroepiandrosterone sulphate and GH were determined in all samples, whereas insulin and IGFBP-1 were determined in fasted samples only. Serum IGF-I concentrations showed some fluctuation during the menstrual cycle, with significantly higher values in the luteal phase compared to the proliferative phase (P < 0.001). Mean individual variation in IGF-I concentrations throughout the menstrual cycle was 13.2% (SD 4.3; range 0.1-18.3%). There were no cyclic changes in IGFBP-3 serum concentrations and no differences in IGFBP-3 concentrations between the luteal and the proliferative phases. Mean individual variation in IGFBP-3 concentrations throughout the menstrual cycle was 8.8% (SD 2.7; range 3.2-14.1). IGFBP-1 concentrations were inversely associated with insulin concentrations, and showed a significant pre-ovulatory increase that returned to baseline at the day of the LH surge. Fasting insulin concentrations showed large fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle without any distinct cyclic pattern. No cyclic changes in urinary GH excretion during menstrual cycle were detected. We conclude that, although IGF-I concentrations are dependent on the phase of the menstrual cycle, the variation in IGF-I concentrations throughout the menstrual cycle is relatively small. Therefore, the menstrual cycle does not need to be considered when evaluating IGF-I or IGFBP-3 serum values in women suspected to have GH deficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Pain and sensory impairment following parotidectomy. A descriptive study].

From 1985 to 1992 parotidectomy was performed at Vejle Hospital in 114 patients with a parotid tumour. Ninety-five of the patients completed a questionnaire. Twenty-four reported various degrees of pain at the time of the investigation, and 57 reported numbness or uncomfortable sensations of the skin. No association between symptoms and age, gender or follow-up time could be traced. Twenty patients with clinically significant complaints were subsequently interviewed and examined. Five patients had a neuroma in the scar region. Hypoaesthesia was found in 18/20 of the patients. The results emphasize the importance of avoiding unnecessary division of the great auricular nerve in order to reduce the risk of pain and sensory impairment postoperatively. The authors suggest that the posterior branch of the great auricular nerve be spared whenever possible. Patients should be informed about the risk preoperatively.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Physiological effects of ovarian hormones: clinical aspects and compliance.

Menopause is marked by the permanent cessation of menstrual bleeding. Deprivation of ovarian hormones due to decreasing ovarian activity causes widespread physiological effects. Disturbances in menstrual pattern and hot flashes are major reasons for hormone replacement therapy (HRT), but prevention of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease are other considerations. Despite the large number of different hormone treatment regimens available, such problems as continued bleeding and concern about side effects engenders low compliance. To enhance compliance, it is important to ensure that post-menopausal women and their physicians are aware of the probable risks and benefits of hormone therapy before deciding whether or not to use preventive HRT.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1993

[Pemphigus vulgaris and benign cicatricial mucous membrane pemphigoid in the upper respiratory tract and esophagus].

Pemphigus vulgaris and benign cicatricial membrane pemphigoid are both autoimmune, blistering, dermatologic diseases characterised clinically by tense bullae on skin or on mucous membranes. Both diseases are rare, but very serious, associated with a high death rate (pemphigus) or high morbidity with cicatricial mucosal lesions (pemphigoid) if untreated. These diseases are discussed and two case stories mentioned where the primary focus was in the upper aerodigestive tract, which is very seldom. The otolaryngologist can make an important contribution to the early recognition, diagnosis, and management of these diseases. The biopsy must undergo immunofluorescence examination.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1992

Two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement NMR experiments on pelargonidin-3-glucopyranoside, an anthocyanin of low molecular mass.

Pelargonidin-3-glucoside has been isolated from the acidified methanolic extract of strawberries (Fragaria anannassa variety Corona) by successive application of an ion-exchange resin, droplet-counter chromatography and gel filtration. The pigment in acidified methanolic solution was studied by means of the two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement NMR technique, and the sugar unit was found to be attached to the 3-position on the aglycone. At +20 degrees C the pigment was found to be in the extreme narrowing limit where the NOESY cross-peaks are negative. However, at -20 degrees C this low-mass anthocyanin could be studied in the slow motion regime where the NOESY cross-peaks are positive. With a mixing time of 0.3 s, the glucose H1"-H4" proton pair was measured in the initial cross-relaxation rate and their cross-peak volume corresponded to the H1"-H4" distance found in a 4C1 chair conformation.

Anthocyanins↗
PubMed1990

[Endogenous opioids and their therapeutic use in the treatment of pain].

Cancer patients with chronic pain and obstetric patients have participated in clinical trials of the analgesic effects of endogenous opioids. It is possible to achieve adequate relief of pain in these patients following epidural or intrathecal administration of endogenous opioids. Further investigations are required.

Endorphins↗
PubMed1983

Lingual infarction in giant cell arteritis. A case report.

Giant cell arteritis is a disease of the elderly, affecting the temporal or other cranial arteries, often in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica. A case of giant cell arteritis with necrosis of the tongue in a 77-year-old woman is reported. It is important to be aware of this condition because of the serious complications. As the lesion is focally distributed, it is necessary to obtain a large biopsy specimen from the superficial temporal artery in order to make a correct diagnosis. Prompt treatment with corticosteroid in large doses followed by a lower maintenance dose is important to prevent vascular complications.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Antibodies against Aspergillus fumigatus in bronchial secretions from patients without aspergillosis.

Antibodies to Aspergillus fumigatus were investigated by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in bronchial secretions (BS) and sera from 40 patients with neoplasia, lung infiltrates of non-fungal aetiology or chronic bronchitis. By IIF, IgG aspergillus antibodies were found in 23 samples of BS (58%) (titre range 10-40) and in all 40 sera (titre range 10-1280). IgA aspergillus antibodies were detected in 33 samples of BS (83%) (titre range 10-160) and in 33 sera (83%) (titre range 10-40). IgM aspergillus antibodies occurred in 2 samples of BS (5%) (titre 10 and 40) compared with 35 sera (88%) (titre range 10-40). Antibodies with secretory component (SC) were detected in 20 of 39 BS samples tested (51%) (titre range 10-160). Significantly higher levels of IgA antibodies were detected by ELISA in BS than in serum (2p less than 0.05) and, conversely, significantly higher levels of IgG antibodies were found in serum than in BS (2p less than 0.001). Low levels of antibodies with SC were also detected in BS by ELISA. These results suggest that aspergillus antibodies are produced within the bronchopulmonary system in patients without aspergillosis.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed1976

Epidemic shigellosis on a worktrain in Labrador.

An epidemic of shigellosis occurred on a worktrain in western Labrador in October 1974. During the outbreak 62 persons out of a crew of 91 became ill, 11 having recurrent illness; 14 were hospitalized. Epidemiologic analysis with laboratory confirmation implicated unchlorinated and contaminated lake water as the source of the epidemic. Faulty design of water storage tanks perpetuated the use of contaminated water; hence a second wave of illness occurred. The tanks were then thoroughly drained, cleaned and repaired. Many deficiencies in sanitation measures (most of which have since been rectified) were noted at the site of the epidemic as well as at other locations along the railway. Careful sanitation controls are essential in rapidly developing areas of northern Canada.

Disease Outbreaks↗