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Biomedical subjects

A Tärnvik

Publications and source records attributed to A Tärnvik.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Influence of complement on the chemiluminescent response of human leukocytes to immune complex.

Vaccine bacteria of Francisella tularensis were mixed with human serum containing specific antibodies against the same organism, and the mixture was incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min. The mixture induced a two-peak chemiluminescent response in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The initial peak was induced by a soluble agent, formed during incubation. The formation of this agent involved the activation of complement component C5. The second peak of the chemiluminescent response was induced by the opsonized bacteria; this peak was augmented by complement component C3, whereas C5 had no influence.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1980

Antigenic composition of a vaccine strain of Francisella tularensis.

The antigenic composition of the live vaccine strain of Francisella tularensis was investigated. Ether-water extracts, water-soluble material from freeze-pressed bacteria and detergent-eluted material from bacterial envelope were allowed to react in immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis with rabbit antiserum against disintegrated bacteria of the vaccine strain. Ten antigenic factors were distinguished in an ether extract. When the extract was precipitated with ammonium sulphate 15 antigenic factors were distinguished in the precipitate and 14 factors in an ethanol precipitate of the supernatant fluid. In the water extract of freeze-pressed material 17 antigenic factors were found. Comparative immunoelectrophoresis of all these fractions demonstrated a minimum of 20 antigenic factors. When envelope material of the vaccine strain was treated with Triton X-100, three more antigenic factors were found to be solubilized. Thus, a total of 23 antigenic factors were distinguished in the extracts. There was a wide variation in heat and trypsin sensitivity between the antigenic factors. A few of the factors had esterase or alkaline phosphatase activity, whereas acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase or peroxidase activities were not found in any of the factors.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

Lymphocytes of synovial fluid and peripheral blood in reactive arthritis. A case report.

Lymphocytes were isolated from eight samples of synovial fluid obtained over a period of six weeks from a patient with reactive arthritis after venereal infection of unknown microbial etiology. The percentages of T lymphocytes were consistently higher in synovial fluid than in paired blood samples, whereas those of B lymphocytes were consistently lower in synovial fluid than in blood. When incubated in vitro the spontaneous DNA synthesis of the synovial fluid and blood lymphocytes was low. When phytohaemagglutinin or tuberculin was present in the cultures the lymphocytes from blood as well as those from synovial fluid responded with synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid and phytohaemagglutinin dose response curves of lymphocytes from the two sources were similar. Thus T lymphocytes of synovial fluid showed a similar in vitro reactivity as those from blood.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Microtechnique for studies on the role of monocytes in the stimulation of lymphocytes.

A microtiter technique was used to measure lymphocyte stimulation by antigen-pulsed monocytes. Monocytes from human blood were isolated on polyester film disks. The disks were exposed to antigen and incubated together with lymphocytes in the wells of a microtiter plate. The method was technically simple and required no expensive materials.

Antigens↗
PubMed1979

Time of lymphocyte response after onset of tularemia and after tularemia vaccination.

Blood lymphocytes were prepared from 6 patients at various time intervals after the onset of tularemia and from 10 subjects after vaccination against this disease. Lymphocytes were also prepared from subjects who had been vaccinated 1 and 2 years previously. The lymphocytes were incubated in the presence of membranes of the vaccine strain. Lymphocytes obtained 2 weeks or later after onset of the disease responded to the membranes with increased deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, whereas lymphocytes obtained earlier than 2 weeks after onset did not respond. Lymphocytes of the vaccinated subjects did not respond to the membranes of the vaccine strain before vaccination. Two to 4 weeks after vaccination lymphocytes from six of the vaccinees yielded a high response, and this response was consistently high for several months. Lymphocytes from four of the vaccinated individuals responded to a low extent only, and this was consistently low for several months. Lymphocytes from individuals vaccinated 1 year before testing responded to a similar extent to the membranes, as did lymphocytes from those who had been vaccinated 1 month previously. Lymphocytes from individuals vaccinated 2 years previously, however, showed a diminished response to the membranes. There was no correlation between titer of agglutinating antibodies and magnitude of lymphocyte reactivity.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1978

Stimulation of subpopulations of human lymphocytes by a vaccine strain of Francisella tularensis.

When purified T lymphocytes from individuals vaccinated with a viable, attenuated strain of Francisella tularensis were incubated in vitro in the presence of heat-killed bacteria or a membrane preparation of the vaccine strain, they were stimulated to form blast cells and to synthesize deoxyribonucleic acid. The blast cells had the characteristics of T cells, being devoid of surface immunoglobulin and able to form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. The stimulation occurred only when monocytes were present. A lymphocyte preparation enriched in B lymphocytes did not respond to the heat-killed bacteria or to the membrane preparation. In a stimulated mononuclear leukocyte preparation, about 70% of the blast cells formed rosettes with sheep erythrocytes, and 10 to 20% of them had surface immunoglobulin. The results show that there is an enlarged population of specifically committed T lymphocytes after tularemia vaccination. It is suggested that the lymphocyte stimulation test measures mainly T-lymphocyte reactivity when membranes or whole bacteria of F. tularensis LVS are used as antigen, and that the stimulation of human T lymphocytes by whole bacteria or bacterial membranes is completely monocyte or macrophage dependent. The present experimental procedure may provide a model for study of antigen-induced stimulation of human lymphocytes under controlled conditions. The technique used gave a reproducible, extremely purified preparation of T lymphocytes and a preparation of monocytes especially suitable for microcultures.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1976

Wound infections in general surgery. Wound contamination, rates of infection and some consequences.

Rates of wound infection have been studied in a clinic performing to an equal degree both clean surgery and potentially contaminated surgery. Included in the study were 2827 patients with 213 (7.5%) postoperative wound infections. The postoperative mortality was 2.1%. Primary illness and cardiovascular complications were the main causes of postoperative death, while infectious complications (pneumonia, peritonitis and wound infection) were associated with or caused 1/3 of all postoperative deaths. Positive cultures from the wound before closure and from the wound dressings, immediately after operation, were followed by an increased risk of wound infection compared to negative cultures. Rates of wound infection were significantly higher in potentially contaminated operations compared to clean operations. Gram negative bacteria dominated in isolates from infected wounds after the former type of surgery, while S. aureus was the most common bacteria in wound infections after clean surgery. The time interval between operation and the discovery of wound infection was in the mean 10 days for staphylococci, and 9 days for Gram negative bacteria. The average time of hospitalization for patients contracting postoperative wound infections was 9 days longer than that for non-infected patients, which means that 3.4% of all nursing days were lost owing to excess hospitalization of infected patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Enzymatic heterogeneity of granules in human leucocytes.

Homogenates of highly purified polymorphonuclear leucocytes and of a mixture of mononuclear leucocytes and platelets from human blood were separated by differential and isopyknic centrifugation. A heterogeneity in granules containing digesting enzymes was found in both cell preparations. Enzymes typical of lysosomes were found in the two cell preparations in a similar density gradient. Granules of low density were indicated in polymorphonuclear leucocytes by alkaline phosphatase. In both cell preparations a third granule, of lower density, seemed to exist enriched in amino acid naphthylamidase, acid hydrolases and in polymorphonuclear leucocytes also alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme. A remarkable difference between the two cell preparations was the occurrence of amino acid napthylamidase in denser granules of polymorphonuclear only, although the nature of these granules could not be determined.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1975

Subcellular distribution of amino acid naphthylamidase isozymes in human leucocytes.

Three isozymes (A, B and C) of amino acid naphthylamidase were found in human leucocytes. Isozyme B and C had close biochemical similarities and differed from isozyme A. Isozyme A was localized in the cytosol. Results obtained by combining electrophoresis with gradient centrifugation suggested that isozyme B originated in granules of polymorphonuclear leucocytes enriched in alkaline phosphatase. Isozyme C was found in granules of low density of polymorphonuclear as well as mononuclear leucocytes.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1975

Stimulation of human lymphocytes by a vaccine strain of Francisella tularensis.

An immune response to Francisella tularensis was demonstrated in man by the lymphocyte stimulation test. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained from 26 individuals vaccinated with a viable tularemia vaccine, from 29 unvaccinated individuals, and from two patients who had recently undergone tularemia. The lymphocytes were incubated in the presence of various dilutions of heat-killed bacteria of the vaccine strain. The bacteria induced a deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in the lymphocytes from 18 of the vaccinated individuals and from the two patients which was higher than that in the lymphocytes from any of the unvaccinated individuals. The deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis was maximal after about 6 days of incubation irrespective of concentration of bacteria. Lymphocytes from vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals were stimulated by two unrelated agents, tuberculin purified protein derivative and pokeweed mitogen. Lymphocytes from the vaccinated individuals did not show a higher response to these agents than did those of the unvaccinated. This suggests that the lymphocyte response to the Francisella bacteria was not due to a nonspecific activation. The vaccine-induced lymphocyte stimulation did not correlate with serum antibodies agglutinating F. tularensis antigen.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1974

Effect of amphotericin B and clotrimazole on lymphocyte stimulation.

Human lymphocytes were stimulated in vitro by phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, purified protein derivative-tuberculin, and allogenic cells. The deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis of the lymphocytes was inhibited in increasing degree by 4 to 8 mug of amphotericin B per ml of culture irrespective of lymphocyte stimulant used. The effect of clotrimazole on the deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis varied between experiments with different and also between experiments with the same stimulant. Ten micrograms of clotrimazole per ml was generally inhibiting, whereas in one experiment 2 mug or more per ml inhibited the purified protein derivative-induced deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. The effects of amphotericin B and clotrimazole were neutralized by serum.

Amphotericin B↗