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Biomedical subjects

A Talerman

Publications and source records attributed to A Talerman.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Muscle spindles in rheumatoid arthritis. An ultrastructural study.

Ultrastructural features of muscle spindles were studied in biopsy material from 100 patients suffering from classical rheumatoid arthritis. Thickening of the outer capsule, increased amount of extracellular ground substance within the inner capsule, and marked thickening of the basement membrane of capillary blood vessels supplying the muscle spindles were observed. Chronic inflammatory cells and macrophages were present within the spindles. Changes affecting the intrafusal muscle fibres were also seen. They were manifest as atrophy and degeneration of the intrafusal muscle fibres, absence of the specialised junctional complexes, and of the intercellular bridges, microladders and satellite cells. It is suggested that the changes affecting the intrafusal muscle fibres are probably secondary. Damage to the myelinated nerves was present, while the sensory and motor nerve endings were well preserved.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1979

Demonstration of calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT) by immunoperoxidase technique.

The presence of calcitonin and of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was studied in six cases of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid using an immunoperoxidase technique. In five cases the material was obtained surgically and in one at autopsy. Tissue from primary tumours as well as from metastases was studied. Calcitonin and CEA were identified within all the tumours studied, although their pattern of distribution and staining intensity varied both within the cells and within the tumour. Some parts of the tumour contained both CEA and calcitonin, while others stained positively only for one of these substances. In some parts of the tumour there was no positive staining for either substance. Within the cells, CEA showed a typical linear distribution along cell surfaces, while calcitonin showed a more even cytoplasmic distribution and the deposits were more granular. Normal tissue surrounding tumour deposits did not show positive staining. It is considered that cells of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid contain both calcitonin and CEA. Identification of CEA and calcitonin in tumour tissue can be used as a diagnostic aid to identify medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. Iit is considered that these substances are being produced by this tumour and can be used as tumour markers.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) in diagnosis and management of endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor and mixed germ cell tumor of the ovary.

Serum AFP was determined serially by radioimmunoassay in 13 patients with ovarian germ cell tumors and in one patient with bilateral pure gonadoblastoma. There were 4 patients with pure dysgerminoma, one with pure endodermal sinus tumor (EST) and 8 with mixed germ cell tumors, all containing EST. The patients with dysgerminoma and gonadoblastoma had normal serum AFP at all times. All patients with tumors containing EST had raised serum AFP, although in most cases it was first determined between 1 and 3 weeks after operation and there was no evidence of metastases. Serum AFP became normal 5 to 7 weeks after operation and began to rise when disease recurred. Serum AFP determinations detected presence of recurrent disease long before it became detectable by other methods. Serum CEA was determined serially by radioimmunoassay in 8 of these patients, including 2 who dies with metastases, and was normal on all occasions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Primary carcinoid tumor of the testis: case report, ultrastructure and review of the literature.

A case of primary pure carcinoid tumor of the testis which occurred in a 71-year-old male is reported. The patient was treated by radical orchiectomy and remains well and symptom free 10 months after operation. Histologically as well as ultrastructurally the tumor showed typical appearances of carcinoid tumor of midgut derivation. 23 cases of carcinoid tumors of the testis were discovered in the literature. Of these 17 were primary testicular carcinoids, and 6 were metastatic to the testis. Of the 17 cases of primary carcinoid tumors, 14 were pure carcinoids and only 3 were associated with teratoma. None of the primary testicular carcinoids were associated with metastases and the prognosis after orchiectomy was excellent, thus indicating that no further therapy is necessary. The prognosis of patients with carcinoid metastatic to the testis is poor. In view of this it is very important to determine whether the tumor is primary or metastatic.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

The cytology of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid with spindle cell pattern.

The cytological picture of medullary carcinoma of the thryoid is characterized by so-called triangular cells with abundant cytoplasm and eccentrically situated nuclei. In the May-Grünwald-Giemsa stained smear the cytoplasm may contain azurophilic granules. Amyloid can usually be demonstrated. In this paper cytological features of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid showing spindle cell pattern are presented. The cytological smears, obtained by thin needle aspiration did not contain amyloid. The diagnosis medullary carcinoma was confirmed by the demonstration of amyloid in the histological sections of the tumour and by raised serum calcitonin levels.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) and alphafoetoprotein (AFP) in sera of patients with germ-cell neoplasms: value as tumour markers in patients with endodermal sinus tumour (yolk sac tumour).

Serum alphafoetoprotein (AFP) and serum alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) were determined in 24 patients with germ-cell neoplasms of the gonads and extragonadal sites and in two patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. In the majority of the patients serial determinations were performed. All seven patients with testicular seminoma and four patients without evidence of active disease had normal levels of serum AAT and AFP. The remaining 13 patients with germ-cell neoplasms had tumours containing endodermal sinus tumour (yolk-sac tumour) elemetns. All these 13 patients had elevated levels of serum AFP and the levels were high or very high in most cases. Nine of these 13 patients had raised serum AAT, although the elevation above normal levels was only slight in a number of cases. When serial determinations were performed serum AAT levels frequently followed the pattern of serum AFP levels, but the AAT levels were frequently within normal limits and therefore the interpretation of the results was difficult, and much less reliable as compared with those for serum AFP. The elevation of serum AAT levels following the recurrence of the tumour was found to occur much later and was much less marked than elevation of serum AFP, which occurred early, showed a large rise and was a reliable marker of tumour recurrence in patients with germ-cell neoplasms containing endodermal sinus tumour elements. It is therefore considered that, although there is good evidence that serum AAT is produced by endodermal sinus tumour elements, serum AAT is not a useful monitor of disease activity in these patients, especially when compared with serum AFP, the value of which is well recognized. Serum AAT may be a useful tumour marker in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and this aspect should be investigated further.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Muscle changes in rheumatoid arthritis. A review of the literature with a study of 100 cases.

Muscle changes were studied in biopsy material obtained from 100 patients suffering from classical rheumatoid arthritis. The abnormalities consisted of denervation atrophy of type II muscle fibres, degenerative changes in the sarcoplasm including presence of nemaline rods, and changes within the interstitium: namely perivascular nodular myositis, lymphocytic accumulations, different stages of vasculitis and abnormalities within the intramuscular nerves and muscle spindles. The muscles examined were always severely affected. It is considered that the simultaneous presence of these abnormalities is suggestive of rheumatoid arthritis. The importance of histochemical studies is emphasized. The literature concerning muscle changes in rheumatoid arthritis is reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Mixed germ cell-sex cord stroma tumor of the ovary associated with isosexual precocious puberty in a normal girl.

A case of mixed germ cell-sex cord stroma tumor occurring in a normal 8-year-old girl with 46XX karyotype is reported. The child presented with evidence of isosexual precocious puberty 3 years prior to the excision of the tumor. Although the tumor was known to be present at least 2 years prior to its excision and weighed more than 1 kg, there was no evidence of involvement of the adjacent organs or metastases at the time of excision. The contralateral ovary was normal. The endocrine activity abated following the excision of the tumor and the patient is well and free of disease 2 years after the operation. The literature concerning this entity is discussed and reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Primary carcinoid tumor of testis.

A case of pure, primary testicular carcinoid tumor in a forty-four-year-old male is reported. The patient presented with painless testicular enlargement, and testicular tumor was diagnosed. Orchiectomy was performed, and histology revealed a primary argentaffinoma. The patient is well and symptom free two years after diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Alpha-foetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen in germ cell neoplasms.

Serum alpha-foetoprotein (AFP) and serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were measured, serially whenever possible, in 70 patients attending the Institute of Radiotherapy, Rotterdam, on account of testicular (65) or ovarian (4) germ cell tumours or, in one case, an endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumour in the mediastinum. In 15 patients the disease was active; in the others it was in remission. Patients with active disease had raised serum AFP levels which correlated well with disease activity; no patient without evidence of active disease had raised serum AFP levels. None of the patients with active disease was found to have raised serum CEA levels. There was no correlation between serum AFP and CEA levels in patients with germ cell neoplasms, but good correlation between serum AFP levels and disease activity. Serum CEA levels did not correlate with disease activity, and serial determinations would therefore not be useful in monitoring progress in this group of diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Primary malignant lymphoma of the testis associated with sclerosis and nodularity.

A case of primary malignant lymphoma of the testis associated with an unusual degree of sclerosis and nodularity is reported. The patient, a 21-year-old male, is alive and well 5 years after orchidectomy followed by radiation therapy to the lumbar and para-aortic lymph nodes in spite of very extensive involvement of the testis, epdidymis and presence of tumour deposits within the spermatic cord and in para-aortic lymph nodes. It is suggested that sclerosis and nodularity may be favourable prognostic features in patients with primary malignant lymphoma of the testis.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Acute carcinomatous myopathy associated with ovarian carcinoma.

A case of acute, fatal, rapidly progressive pure myopathy associated with ovarian carcinoma is described. The first symptoms of carcinomatous myopathy occurred 8 months after surgical treatment and combined chemotherapy. The patient died 2 months after onset of myopathy. The clinical and pathologic findings of the myopathy are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Myocardial lesions subsequent to roentgenotherapy.

The myocardium was studied for changes caused by therapeutical X-ray irradiation in a necropsy material of 14 cases. The lesions found in the myocardial vessels, in the parenchyma and in the interstitium are described in detail. While the severity of the vascular changes was independent of the radiation dose, the gravity of parenchymal lesions was closely related to the dose employed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The incidence of yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) elements in germ cell tumors of the testis in adults.

The incidence of yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) elements was studied in 147 germ cell neoplasms of the testis in adults observed over a 4 1/2-year period. Excluding 79 cases of pure seminoma, yolk sac tumor elements were found in 26 (38%) of 68 tumors; in 8 tumors the yolk sac tumor was the predominant element. Yolk sac tumor elements were found admixed with all other germ cell tumor elements. Tumors composed entirely of yolk sac tumor were not encountered. Fifteen (57%) of the 26 patients with tumors containing yolk sac tumor elements have died of their disease during the period under study, compared with 13 (31%) of the remaining 42 patients, suggesting that the prognosis of adults with testicular tumors containing yolk sac tumor elements is unfavorable. This is in contrast to the relatively good prognosis of infants and young children with testicular yolk sac tumor, and similar to the prognosis of female patients with ovarian yolk sac tumor. The results of the present study give further support to the view that yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) is not adistinctive neoplasm of the infant's testis, but a germ cell neoplasm differentiating in the direction of yolk sac or vitelline structures, and occurring in the testis, ovary and extragonadal sites in common with other germ cell neoplasms.

Adolescent↗