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Biomedical subjects

A Tall

Publications and source records attributed to A Tall.

80 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Limitations on the practice of head-and-neck oncology in Africa. The example of laryngeal cancers].

At the present time, cervico-facial oncology is one of the great themes of oto-rhino-laryngologists. Cancer of the larynx has been chosen by the authors to demonstrate the limits in the practice of cervico-facial oncology in the tropics. Over a period of 10 years, 61 patients with suspected malignant larynx afflictions were examined at Dakar U.H.C.O.R.L. clinic. Histological confirmation concerned 38 patients, and 27 underwent treatment aimed at curing them. As far as results are concerned, there seem to be no particularities connected with sex, age or histology. TNM distribution within the 36 carcinomas, however, shows 78% of these cases to be large volume tumours (T3-T4). In the great majority of cases (18/27) treatment undertaken was purely surgical, represented by complete laryngectomy in 90% of the cases. Early, post-operational complications were dominated by pharyngostomy (6/14). After 10 years practice, 70% of these patients have died or have ceased to consult. The bad results are due to a number of factors including delay in consultation, too few specialists, too little equipment.... To remedy this, the authors suggest the creation of real cancer institutes.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Accelerated transfer of cholesteryl esters in dyslipidemic plasma. Role of cholesteryl ester transfer protein.

Plasma cholesteryl esters, synthesized in the high density lipoproteins (HDL), may be transferred to other lipoproteins by a cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). We found a twofold increase in mass transfer of cholesteryl ester from HDL to apoB-containing lipoproteins in incubated hypercholesterolemic rabbit plasma compared with control. There was a two- to fourfold increase in the activity of CETP, measured in an isotopic assay in hypercholesterolemic plasma. A CETP-like molecule was isolated in increased amounts from hypercholesterolemic plasma. Incubated plasma from four dysbetalipoproteinemic subjects also showed an increase (threefold) in cholesteryl ester mass transfer, compared with normolipidemic controls. There was a twofold increase in the activity of CETP, assayed in whole or lipoprotein-free plasma. Thus, there is increased transfer of cholesteryl esters from HDL to potentially atherogenic apoB-containing lipoproteins in dyslipidemic rabbit and human plasma. The enhanced transfer results in part from increased activity of CETP, possibly reflecting an increase in CETP mass.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Mechanisms of enhanced cholesteryl ester transfer from high density lipoproteins to apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins during alimentary lipemia.

In vitro lipoprotein lipase enhances the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)-mediated transfer of cholesteryl esters from high density lipoproteins (HDL) to very low density lipoproteins as a result of lipolysis-induced alterations in lipoprotein lipids that lead to increased binding of CETP. To determine if there are similar changes during alimentary lipemia, we measured the transfer of cholesteryl esters from HDL to apo B-containing lipoproteins in incubated fasting and postprandial plasma. In seven normolipidemic subjects there was 2-3-fold stimulation of cholesteryl ester transfer in alimentary lipemic plasma. Cholesteryl ester transfer was stimulated when either the d less than 1.063-or d greater than 1.063-g/ml fraction of lipemic plasma was recombined with its complementary fraction of fasting plasma. To determine the distribution of CETP, plasma was fractionated by agarose chromatography and CETP activity was measured in column fractions in a standardized assay. In fasting plasma, most of the CETP was in smaller HDL, and a variable fraction was nonlipoprotein bound. During lipemia there was increased binding of CETP to larger phospholipid-enriched HDL and in two subjects an increase in CETP in apo B-containing lipoproteins. The total CETP activity of fractions of lipemic plasma was increased 1.1-1.7-fold compared with fasting plasma. Lipemic CETP activity was also increased when measured in lipoprotein-free fractions after dissociation of CETP from the lipoproteins. When purified CETP was incubated with phospholipid-enriched HDL isolated from alimentary lipemic or phospholipid vesicle-treated plasma, there was increased binding of CETP to the phospholipid-enriched HDL compared with fasting HDL, with a parallel stimulation in CETP activity. Thus, the pronounced stimulation of cholesteryl ester transfer during alimentary lipemia is due to (a) an increased mass of triglyceride-rich acceptor lipoproteins, (b) a redistribution of CETP, especially increased binding to larger phospholipid-enriched HDL, and (c) an increase in total activity of CETP, perhaps due to an increased CETP mass.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Apoprotein A-I synthesis in normal intestinal mucosa and in Tangier disease.

To determine whether human small intestine synthesizes apoA-I, the major apoprotein of plasma high-density lipoproteins, we used immunofluorescence technics and monospecific antiserums to visualize apoA-I within intestinal epithelial cells from four normal subjects and one patient with Tangier disease. Biopsies from all subjects during fasting showed limited fluorescence. After lipid feeding intracellular apoA-I markedly increased in both normal subjects and the patient. During alimentary lipemia, mean plasma apoA-I levels (milligrams per deciliter) increased in four normal subjects from 161 +/- 12 (+/- S.E.M.) to 180 +/- 15 (P less than 0.05) and in the patient from 1.9 to 6.8. Normal plasma chylomicrons contained apoB, apoE and the C peptides but not apoA-I. The patient's chylomicrons contained ap0A-I. Normal and Tangier-disease intestinal-mucosa cells increase their content of apoA-I during chylomicron formation and subsequently contribute to plasma apoA-I levels. The low levels of apoA-I in Tangier disease are not due to a failure of intestinal synthesis but might be due to abnormal metabolism of chylomicron apoproteins.

Apolipoproteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reducing the oral quinine-quinidine-cinchonin (Quinimax) treatment of uncomplicated malaria to three days does not increase the recurrence of attacks among children living in a highly endemic area of Senegal.

A 3 d shortened course of the quinine-quinidine-cinchonin association Quinimax was compared to the usual 7 d regimen for routinely treating 462 acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria attacks in 72 children under the age of 10 years in Dielmo, a holoendemic village in Senegal. 25 mg/kg Quinimax salt daily, given in 3 equal doses, improved clinical status in 99.6% of the patients receiving the course and in all of those treated for 7 d. Even if the 3 d course did not systematically eliminate parasitaemia, reducing oral Quinimax treatment of uncomplicated malaria from 7 to 3 d did not increase the recurrence of attacks, even among the youngest children. Both the quinine sensitivity of the Senegalese strains of P. falciparum and the partial acquired immunity of the children were probably responsible for the absence of any difference between the courses. Oral Quinimax for 3 d is a possible alternative regimen to chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for treating uncomplicated malaria in highly endemic areas of Africa where clinical resistance to these drugs exists.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Four years' entomological study of the transmission of seasonal malaria in Senegal and the bionomics of Anopheles gambiae and A. arabiensis.

From 1993 to 1996, an entomological survey was conducted in the village of Ndiop, Senegal, as part of a research programme on malaria epidemiology and the mechanisms of protective immunity. Mosquitoes were captured on human bait and by indoor spraying. Species from the Anopheles gambiae complex were identified using the polymerase chain reaction, and Plasmodium falciparum infections were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for circumsporozoite protein. The vector species identified were A. gambiae (33.9%), A. arabiensis (63.2%), A. melas (0.3%) and A. funestus (2.5%). Similar proportions of A. gambiae (74.2%) and A. arabiensis (73.8%) contained human blood; 27.0% of A. gambiae and 28.3% of A. arabiensis had fed on cattle. The sporozoite rates were similar for A. gambiae (3.2%) and A. arabiensis (3.7%). The annual entomological inoculation rates varied greatly depending on the year. There were 63, 17, 37 and 7 infected bites per person per year in 1993, 1994, 1995 and 1996 respectively. Transmission was highly seasonal, from July to October. A. arabiensis was responsible for 66% of malaria transmission, A. gambiae for 31%, and A. funestus for 3%.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increased multiplicity of Plasmodium falciparum infections and skewed distribution of individual msp1 and msp2 alleles during pregnancy in Ndiop, a Senegalese village with seasonal, mesoendemic malaria.

Pregnancy is associated with a greater susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum infections, which may result in serious complications affecting both the mother and the fetus. To compare allelic diversity and multiplicity of infection in the same women during and outside pregnancy, we conducted a retrospective analysis of the monthly fingerprick blood samples collected during a longitudinal survey conducted in Ndiop, a Senegalese village with mesoendemic malaria. Merozoite surface protein-1 (msp1) block 2 and merozoite surface protein-2 (msp2) genotypes were determined for 308 blood samples collected from 20 women. Pregnancy was associated with a significantly higher prevalence of P. falciparum infection, higher parasite densities, and a higher multiplicity of infection. The highest multiplicity of infection was observed in the youngest pregnant women. Because of co-linearity, it was not possible to dissociate the impact of age from that of parity on multiplicity of infection. Some individual msp1 and msp2 alleles showed a highly skewed pregnancy-associated distribution. These results indicate that pregnancy is associated with increased permissiveness to a large number of clones, as well as with infection by specific genotypes.

Adolescent↗