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Biomedical subjects

A Taub

Publications and source records attributed to A Taub.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

One voice for health education: can this be achieved?

The need for one voice for health education and health educators has been discussed for some time. Recently, it has become a more prevalent topic at professional meetings. This article discusses the role of professional associations and the process of professionalization, professional associations for health educators, the Coalition of Health Education Organizations, and current issues with possible alternative solutions. The solutions proposed include merging existing associations, fostering greater understanding of the purposes of various professional organizations, adopting a new approach for selecting memberships, and strengthening the role and function of the Coalition of National Health Education Organizations. A final point discussed is the importance of health educators belonging to at least one professional association to indicate their support of the profession.

Health Education↗
PubMed1979

An analgesic action of intranvenously administered lidocaine on dorsal-horn neurons responding to noxious thermal stimulation.

Using extracellular single-unit recording techniques, effects of intravenously administered lidocaine on dorsal-horn nociceptive neurons were studied in cats made decerebrate whose spinal cords had been transected. Thirty-seven neurons in Rexed lamina V responding to high-threshold mechanical and noxious thermal stimuli (radiant heat, using Hardy-Wolff-Goodell dolorimeter) were studied. Lidocaine hydrochloride, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, iv, produced dose-related suppression of both spontaneous activity and responses of these neurons to noxious thermal stimulation. Spontaneous discharge frequencies at maximum suppression, observed 3--7 min after administration of each of the three doses of lidocaine were 64 +/- 14 (mean +/- 1 SE), 32 +/- 8, and 25 +/- 9 per cent of control values, respectively; responses to noxious thermal stimuli were 83 +/- 5, 52 +/- 8, and 39 +/- 7 per cent of the control values, respectively. Threshold skin temperature to noxious thermal stimulation increased from 44.7 +/- 0.4 C (control) to 46.3 +/- 0.7 C with lidocaine, 5 mg/kg (P less than 0.05), to 47.8 +/- 0.8 C with lidocaine, 10 mg/kg (P less than 0.01). The times necessary for recovery varied in a dose-related fashion. Plasma lidocaine concentrations 5 min after lidocaine, 5 mg/kg, averaged 3.6 +/- 0.7 microgram/ml. These data support the clinical impression that intravenously administered lidocaine produces analgesia at plasma concentrations of 3--10 microgram/ml. It is suggested that lidocaine may block conduction of nociceptive impulses, at least in part, by suppression of spinal-cord nociceptive neurons.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1979

Effects of ketamine on nociceptive cells in the medial medullary reticular formation of the cat.

Anatomic, physiologic and behavioral evidence suggests that the neurons in the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis of the medial medullary reticular formation may act as a relay station for the transmission of nociceptive information from the spinal cord to higher brain centers. The nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis may also be the site of action of analgesic agents, such as ketamine hydrochloride. Utilizing extracellular microelectrodes in 23 decerebrate cats, the authors measured the effect of ketamine on neurons in the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis that were excited by electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves. The frequency of spontaneous single-unit firing activity in the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis was suppressed by 31 +/- 11 (mean +/- 1 SE) and by 62 +/- 7 per cent with ketamine, 1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg, iv, respectively. The frequency of evoked single-unit activity was suppressed by 57 +/- 9 and 79 +/- 5 per cent with ketamine, 1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively. Ketamine produces significant depression of single-unit activity of the cells in the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis, suggesting that this may be an important site of its analgesic action.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Suppressive effect of morphine on single-unit activity of cells in Rexed lamina VII.

Using an extracellular microelectrode recording technique, the effects of intravenously administered morphine sulfate upon the single-unit activities of cells in Rexed lamina VII of the lumbar spinal cord were studied in cats following decerebration and spinal cord transection at L1. These neurons responded principally to high-threshold mechanical and thermal stimuli applied to a receptive field in the ipsilateral hind limbs. Morphine sulfate, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg, caused dose-related suppression of the spontaneous activities of these neurons. The firing rates at maximum suppression, observed 5-10 min after administration of morphine, were 63.9 +/- 9.2 (mean +/- 1 SE), 43.0 +/- 5.4, and 26.5 +/- 6.0 per cent of the control values, respectively. Since these cells have been shown by others to be associated with the spinothalamic and spinoreticular pathways, the results suggest that the analgesic state may result from the action of morphine on the cells of origin of these major ascending pathways in the spinal cord.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Factors in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pain.

Symptoms are the verbal and nonverbal communicative expressions of experience. At any one time, the symptom is dependent on structural changes, genetic variations, metabolic abnormalities, immunopathic and other disorders, and the totality of social, economic, and situational experience. Complaints of pain may vary with time depending on the interaction of these features in a manner not directly related to the intensity of a noxious stimulus.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1975

The depressant effect of halothane and sodium thiopental on the spontaneous and evoked activity of dorsal horn cells: lamina specificity, time course and dose dependence.

The effects of halothane and sodium thiopental on dorsal horn cell unit activity were studied in the lumbar spinal cord of decerebrate, low thoracic spinal cats. Both halothane (0.5, 1 and 1.5%) and sodium thiopental (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) depressed, in a dose-dependent manner, the spontaneous firing frequency of cells in Rexed laminae I, V and VI and the evoked firing frequency of cells in laminae I and V. They, however, had no effect on cells in lamina IV. The maximum depression of cell activity occurred 5 to 8 minutes after inhalation of halothane and 2 to 3 minutes after the intravenous administration of sodium thiopental. The recovery of cell activity occurred within 15 to 30 minutes after discontinuation of halothane and within 10 to 30 minutes after intravenous administration of sodium thiopental. The depressive effect of halothane and sodium thiopental, both primarily hypnotic anesthetics, on lamina VI cells is in contrast to our previous finding that morphine sulfate, nitrous oxide and ketamine hydrochloride, primarily analgesic agents, had no significant effect on this lamina.

Animals↗