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Biomedical subjects

A Tedgui

Publications and source records attributed to A Tedgui.

130 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Apoptosis and vascular remodeling].

Cell death by apoptosis plays a major role in the homeostasis of the vascular system. Apoptosis of vascular cells, and of endothelial and smooth muscle cells, can be triggered by intrinsic signals related to the cell differentiation phenotype, or by extrinsic signals, including free radicals, inflammatory cytokines or oxidized LDL. Apoptosis contributes to normal physiological modelling of arteries after birth as well as to capillary rarefaction occurring during ontogenic development. Apoptotic processes have been found in several pathological conditions, including atherosclerosis, hypertension or restenosis following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. However, a direct causal relationship between apoptosis and occurrence of these afflictions remains to be established.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of peroperative hypertension on 125I-albumin uptake by vein graft media.

Aortocoronary bypass, in use for over 20 years, is followed by lesions in 80% of vein grafts after 10 years. In 8 patients (mean age 60, SD = 7.8) before cardiopulmonary bypass, segments of saphenous vein were harvested, and following hydraulic distension (760 mmHg x 10 min), stripped of adventitia, de-endothelialized, cannulated, immersed in oxygenated Krebs solution pH 7.4 37 deg C, and pressurized (100 mmHg) with 4% 125I-albumin-Evans blue for two hours. The samples were then frozen, and serially sectioned in the plane of the lumenal surface. The radioactivity of the 20 microns-thick sections was then determined, and expressed as a tissue: labelled solution concentration ratio (cpm unit volume wet tissue/cpm unit volume labelled solution). Distended portions had a higher mean transmural concentration ratio, as compared with the undistended portion; the ratio distended/undistended was 1.23, SD = 0.17, n = 8, p less than 0.01 (paired t test). This suggests alteration in the transport properties of vein interstitium by hypertension. Random histologic examination of native veins revealed no structural damage apart from age-related dystrophy of elastic fibres and intimal and medial fibrosis in grossly normal veins. These results suggest that the quality of the vein used, combined with hypertension during its preparation, may be factors in the genesis of postoperative graft failure.

Aged↗
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Cytokines, immuno-inflammatory response and atherosclerosis.

The importance of the immuno-inflammatory processes involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has been reconsidered since the various cellular components of the atherosclerotic plaque were more precisely characterized. Macrophages and T lymphocytes, as well as endothelial and smooth muscle cells are involved in the formation of the fibrolipidic lesion. This is suggestive of a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, with oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL) as possible antigenic stimulus. Cytokines, which are mediators of the immuno-inflammatory response, are locally expressed in the atherosclerotic plaque; they coordinate cell interactions and modulate the functions of vascular cells.

Antibody Formation↗