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Biomedical subjects

A Tenner

Publications and source records attributed to A Tenner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

A snapshot of homeless youth in Seattle: their characteristics, behaviors and beliefs about HIV protective strategies.

The purpose of this study was to determine how initial HIV prevention efforts for homeless youth were received and to determine areas where homeless youth's beliefs and behaviors continue to put them at risk for HIV infection. Interviews were conducted with 289 Seattle homeless youth. Youth reported using condoms with casual partners during vaginal and anal sex and with clients during oral, anal and vaginal sex. Condoms are often not used during vaginal sex with main partners or during oral sex with casual or main partners. Knowledge of HIV protective strategies differed according to youth's behavioral characteristics with heterosexual youth having the weakest knowledge of HIV protective strategies especially compared with young men who have sex with men. There is room for improvement in youth's knowledge and beliefs about HIV.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2000

Service use patterns of youth with, and at high risk for, HIV: a care typology.

This paper uses confirmatory structural equation models to develop and test a theoretical model for understanding the service utilization history of 4679 youth who received services from 10 national HIV/AIDS demonstration models of youth-appropriate and youth-attractive services funded by the Special Projects of National Significance (SPNS) Program, HIV/AIDS Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration. Although the projects differ from one another in the areas of emphasis in their service models, each is targeted to youth at high risk for HIV, or those youth who have already contracted HIV. Collectively, the projects represent a comprehensive adolescent HIV service model. This paper examines the characteristics of the services provided to young people ranging from outreach to intensive participation in medical treatment. Major typologies of service utilization are derived empirically through exploratory factor and cluster analysis methods. Confirmatory structural equation modeling methods are used to refine the exploratory results using a derivation and replication strategy and methods of statistical estimation appropriate for non-normally distributed service utilization indicators. The model hypothesizes that youth enter the service system through a general construct of connectedness to a comprehensive service model and through service-specific methods, primarily of outreach or emergency services. Estimates are made of the degree to which a comprehensive service model drives the services as opposed to specific service entry points.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Risk factors and characteristics of youth living with, or at high risk for, HIV.

Over 8,000 adolescents and young adults (4,111 males; 4,085 females) reported on several HIV-related risk behaviors during enrollment into 10 service demonstration projects targeted to youth living with, or at risk for, HIV. Distinct risk patterns emerged by gender when predicting HIV serostatus (versus unknown serostatus/negative serostatus). Males who had injection drug risk histories, had sex with an HIV positive partner, had sexually transmitted diseases, had sex with males, and/or were homeless had an inflated risk of being HIV positive. Females who engaged in sex with an HIV partner, had sex with an injection drug user, and/or had sexually transmitted diseases, were at the highest HIV risk. For both samples, engaging in sex with women reduced the likelihood of HIV positive status. Very basic information about risk factors obtained at service intake offers important information about HIV status of "high risk" youth presenting for care in community programs, as well as suggests clear risk factors for targeted preventive efforts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Glutamate receptor GluR3 antibodies and death of cortical cells.

Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE), a childhood disease characterized by epileptic seizures associated with progressive destruction of a single cerebral hemisphere, is an autoimmune disease in which one of the autoantigens is a glutamate receptor, GluR3. The improvement of some affected children following plasma exchange that removed circulating GluR3 antibodies (anti-GluR3) suggested that anti-GluR3 gained access to the central nervous system where it exerted deleterious effects. Here, we demonstrate that a subset of rabbits immunized with a GluR3 fusion protein develops a neurological disorder mimicking RE. Anti-GluR3 IgG isolated from serum of both ill and healthy GluR3-immunized animals promoted death of cultured cortical cells by a complement-dependent mechanism. IgG immunoreactivity decorated neurons and their processes in neocortex and hippocampus in ill but not in healthy rabbits. Moreover, both IgG and complement membrane attack complex (MAC) immunoreactivity was evident on neurons and their processes in the cortex of a subset of patients with RE. We suggest that access of IgG to epitopes in the central nervous system triggers complement-mediated neuronal damage and contributes to the pathogenesis of both this animal model and RE.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Timoptol in the after-care following argon laser trabeculoplasty].

In 17% of the author's 205 patients treated by argon laser trabeculoplasty, Timoptol was the sole local antiglaucoma medication given postoperatively. These patients benefited from a particularly advantageous situation. Intraocular pressure was once again reliably regulated. In addition, there were no visual disturbances, e.g., as caused by miotics. Local and general tolerance are excellent; the level of patient discomfort is very low, as the drops are only applied once or twice a day; and, finally, the patient remains in ophthalmological care. Postoperative treatment with Timoptol has also proved highly successful in another group of patients, i.e., glaucoma patients in whom an argon laser trabeculoplasty was performed prior to cataract extraction. In these patients the subsequent cataract extraction is greatly facilitated because the pupil can be readily dilated.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1977

Glycoprotein synthesis in a temperature-sensitive Chinese hamster cell cycle mutant.

A temperature-sensitive mutant of Chinese hamster cells is described which has two interesting properties: (1) it is a cell cycle mutant and (2) glycoprotein synthesis appears to be affected at the at the non-permissive temerature (40degreesC). Synchronized cells shifed to 40degreesC in the beginning of their G1 phase do not incorporate [3H]-thymidine into DNA during the expected S-phase, but once DNA synthesis has been initiated ( approximately 10 hours after termination of serum starvation) a shift to 40 degrees C no longer leads to an arrest of DNA synthesis. Flow microfluorimetric analysis of DNA content/cell supports this conclusion and indicates that a majority of cells become arrested in the G1 phase of the cell cycle when a non-synchronized population of cells is transferred to 40degreesC. Apparently at all times in the cell cycle there is a drastic reduction if incorporation of labeled sugars (particularly fucose) into glycoproteins. The uptake of fucose and its conversion to GDP-fucose appears to be normal at 40degreesC. Chromatographic analysis indicates that all classes of glycoproteins are affected, and we do not find any evidence for partially completed oligosaccharides at 40 degrees C. Overall protein synthesis is not reduced at he nonpermissive temperature during the time interval under consideration and the number of polysomes attached to membranes (RER) is also normal at 40degreesC. This suggests that the defect is at an early step in the synthesis or regulation of synthesis of glycoproteins. The mutation is a recessive mutation in hybrid cells and mutagen induced revertants can be obtained which grow normally at 40degreesC and in which glycoprotein synthesis at 40 degrees C is restored to normal, wild type levels.

Animals↗