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Biomedical subjects

A Theologides

Publications and source records attributed to A Theologides.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Cancer cachexia.

Cancer cachexia is characterized clinically by anorexia, early satiety, weight loss. anemia, and marked asthenia. The syndrome is not the result of semistarvation alone but it represents a complex metabolic problem. In the host there are abnormalities in metabolism of energy, carbohydrate, lipid and protein, in water content, in acid-base balance, in electrolyte, mineral and vitamin concentrations, alterations in the activity of host tissue enzymes and changes in endocrine homeostasis and immunologic mechanisms. The cancer initiates and contributes to the genesis of the syndrome but complications of the disease and the treatment may also play a role. Only the control of the cancer can reverse completely the syndrome. It was proposed that cancer peptides throw the host metabolism into a chaotic biochemical state by activating and inactivating host enzymes. This results in increased energy expenditure; the released host metabolites and trapped by the growing cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Combination versus successive single agent chemotherapy in lymphocytic lymphoma.

Fifty-three patients with advanced lymphocytic lymphoma were randomly assigned to treatment with the combination cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (CVP) or the same agents used successively in maximal doses (C-V-P). Complete remissions occurred in 68% with CVP and 48% with C-V-P. For patients with nodular lymphoma, the complete remission rate was 81% with CVP and 46% with C-V-P. In patients with diffuse lymphoma a complete remission rate of 50% was obtained with both regimens. The median duration of response was longer for patients who obtained complete remission with CVP (37+ months) than for those entering remission with C-V-P (25+ months). More patients treated with CVP still survive. Current results suggest that CVP is a better induction regime than C-V-P in patients with nodular lymphoma. However, in patients with diffuse lympoocytic lymphoma, neither regimen results in more than 50% complete remissions or significant numbers of prolonged responses. More effective therapy is needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

CCNU, vinblastine, and delalutin therapy in renal cell carcinoma.

Advanced renal cell carcinoma is relatively resistant to most adequately evaluated chemotherapeutic agents. The combination of CCNU and vinblastine, which has antitumor activity in a frog renal carcinoma model system, has demonstrated activity in initial studies in man. The current study investigated this combination of drugs together with a progestational agent, Delalutin. Seventeen patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma were treated with CCNU, vinblastine and Delalutin. There were no objective responses. Four patients with stable disease had a mean survival of 18 months compared to 13 patients with progressive disease who had a mean survival of 5 months. The survival of the four patients with stable disease was in large part due to the slowly progressive natural history of their disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Prolactin dynamics following transphenoidal hypophysectomy for metastatic carcinoma of the breast.

In nine patients who had undergone trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy, prolactin dynamics were studied with intravenous thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). Residual prolactin secretory reserve was demonstrated in seven. Five patients were TRH tested both before and after trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy. Hypophysectomy did not alter base line prolactin concentration but did decrease prolactin response to TRH from 55 ng/ml to 21 ng/ml (p less than 0.001). Post-hypophysectomy L-Dopa suppressed baseline prolactin concentrations to undetectable levels. There was no correlation between alterations in prolactin dynamics and tumor response to hypophysectomy. Trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy is not effective in ablating prolactin secretion and serious doubts are raised about the role of altered prolactin dynamics in inducing breast cancer remission.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

Post-hypophysectomy insulin response in patients with advanced breast cancer.

Seven postmenopausal women with metastic breast cancer underwent transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. The rate of disappearance, k*, of iv glucose and insulin following iv glucose and l-arginine infusion was determined before and after the ablation. The k* was estimated with a linear least squares weighted regression method. The insulin secretory capacity of the pancreas before and after the ablation was evaluated with the index of insulinogenic reserve, the index representing the quantity of insulin secreted per unit of glycemic stimulus. Following iv glucose and arginine, there was no significant difference in the mean k* for glucose and insulin, before and after the ablation. The insulinogenic index before was lower than the normal. After hypophysectomy, the index decreased further for the first 30 min following iv glucose. In patients with advanced cancer the index of insulinogenic reserve is lower than normal and is suppressed further by hypophysectomy.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1977

Nutritional management of the patient with advanced cancer.

Protein-calorie malnutrition, vitamin and other deficiencies, and weight loss frequently develop in cancer patients. Although there is no evidence that aggressive nutritional management prolongs survival, it may improve the quality of life. Efforts should be made to maintain adequate daily caloric intake with appropriate food selection and with control of complications interfering with nutrition. In selected patients, intravenous hyperalimentation can provide adequate nutrition during potentially effective chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Elemental diets also may be a source of complete or supplemental nutrition. Further experience with both approaches will help to clarify their role in the nutritional management of the patient with advanced cancer.

Anorexia↗
PubMed1977

Hypereosinophilic syndrome with biventricular involvement.

In a 45-year-old man with hypereosinophilic syndrome, cardiac disease, mainly endocardial thickening and extensive mural thrombosis of both ventricles, was confirmed at autopsy. Early in the course of the disease, right ventricular endocardial biopsy had demonstrated the basic process. Restriction in filling and contraction of the right ventricle were demonstrated by functional studies. By echocardiographic study, progressive reduction in size of the right ventricular cavity and premature opening of the pulmonary valve were demonstrated, while this method was less adequate in identifying the process in the left ventricle.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1977

Value of alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase activity measurements (single and combined) in serum in diagnosis of metastasis to the liver.

We assessed, in 98 patients with cancer, the diagnostic value of measuring serum alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase activities as an aid to detection of liver metastases. All four enzymes showed diagnostic value, but 5'-nucleotidase appeared to have the greatest. It showed the lowest false-positive results (7.4%) with the highest predictive value of a positive test (85.7%) and agreement (81.3%).. gamma-Glutamyltransferase showed the lowest proportion of false-negative results (2.8%), but was the least specific 35% false-positive results). Analysis of various test combinations showed that the best agreement (77.5%) was obtained when the patients were divided into those who had no or only one abnormal test result, and those who had two or more abnormal test results. However, this was not better than the agreement for 5' nucleotidase alone (81.3%). The agreement of 5'-nucleotidase and gamma-glutamyltransferase (i.e., both tests were positive or negative) was excellent (91.4%), but such agreement included only 67% of the patients with liver metastases.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

Cancer cachexia.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anemia↗
PubMed1976

Cancer and diet.

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Diet↗
PubMed1976

Neutrophil leukocyte reserves in lymphoreticular malignancies.

The marginal neutrophil leukocyte pool and the bone marrow neutrophil reserves were assessed in 43 patients with lymphoreticular malignancies, using epinephrine and steroid stimulation. Thirty-three patients were studied before staging, following splenectomy, before and after nodal irradiation and during remission induction chemotherapy. Ten patients in partial remission were studied after 12 month or more of chemotherapy. A neutrophil count of 1,500-2,500 cells/mm3 is not a sufficient guide for midifying the chemotherapy. The response to steroid stimulation may be a more dependable guide to evaluate the patient's potential risk for infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Anorexia-producing intermediary metabolites.

Major phases of the physiology of food intake regulation remain hypothetical. There is a central regulatory mechanism for hunger and satiety, but the signals and messages that activate the brain centers remain conjectural. The alimentary tract regulation, the regulation by osmoreceptors, the thermostatic, the glucostatic, the lipostatic, the amino acid, and the hormonal food intake regulation theories leave many questions unanswered. Low molecular weight peptides appear to have an important effect on brain functions. Hypothalamic peptides such as thyrotropin-releasing hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and somatostatin have been assigned new roles in various brain functions. The hypothalamus and probably other parts of the brain produce also anorexigenic peptides. Anorexia is a common manifestation of cancer. It is proposed that peptides, oligonucleotides, and other small metabolites produced by the cancer and by the tumor-bearing host are responsible for the genesis of the anorexia. They produce the anorexia through a peripheral effect on neuroendocrine cells and neuroreceptors and through a direct effect on hypothalamic and other central nervous system sensor and responder cells.

Animals↗