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Biomedical subjects

A Tomkins

Publications and source records attributed to A Tomkins.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Diet, body size and micronutrient status in Parkinson's disease.

Nutritional status was assessed in a group of patients with Parkinson's disease. Weight loss since the onset of disease occurred in 52% of the patients and 22% had lost more than 12.8 kg. Although 67% of patients experienced eating difficulties of some kind, dietary intakes of protein and energy were not significantly lower than recommended intakes. Plasma levels of albumin (44.2 g/l vs 45.7 g/l), vitamin A (2.61 vs 2.94 mumol/l), vitamin E (22.0 vs 32.0 mumol/l), iron (15.3 vs 18.3 mumol/l) and zinc (14.2 vs 18.7 mumol/l) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the patients than in healthy controls. Levels of ferritin, total iron-binding capacity and copper were similar between groups. The potential significance of low levels of vitamin E and zinc are discussed in relation to oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Vertical banded gastroplasty in the treatment of morbid obesity: results of three year follow up.

Vertical banded gastroplasty has replaced jejunoileal bypass in the surgical treatment of morbid obesity. Although this procedure carries a low incidence of early postoperative complications there is little information on either longer term follow up or the impact on nutritional status. The present study describes the outcome in 42 patients with morbid obesity who underwent vertical banded gastroplasty and were followed up in a special nutrition clinic between nine and 36 months postoperatively. Body mass index (BMI) fell from a preoperative value of 47.4 (6.7) kg/m2 (mean (SD] to 37.5 (5.8), 35 (6.2), 33.9 (6.1), and 33.1 (5.7) kg/m2 at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months respectively. Immediate postoperative complications were minimal but during follow up four patients developed stenosis of the gastroplasty stoma and required reoperation. Plasma albumen concentrations were maintained but three patients developed iron deficiency anaemia. Most patients were able to eat a normal diet in reduced quantities and noted a marked improvement in the quality of life. The benefits and safety of vertical banded gastroplasty suggest an important role for this operation in the management of morbid obesity.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of Edmonston-Zagreb and Schwarz strains of measles vaccine given by aerosol or subcutaneous injection.

The serological response to measles vaccine was tested in Bangladesh in groups of infants aged 4-6 months who received equal doses of Edmonston-Zagreb or Schwarz vaccine by subcutaneous injection or by aerosol. Seroconversion (as measured by the haemagglutination test) occurred in 62% of infants receiving Edmonston-Zagreb strain by injection compared with only 37% of those receiving Schwarz strain. Seroconversion occurred in 35% of those given Edmonston-Zagreb and 34% of those given Schwarz vaccine by aerosol. Edmonston-Zagreb strain appears more effective than Schwarz vaccine in this population and further studies are indicated in other populations where early measles immunisation is desirable.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1987

A clinical trial of a light activated bonding material over an 18 month period.

Heliosit-orthodontic, a visible light cured adhesive, has been compared with Right-on, a chemically activated adhesive, on 122 patients for a mean period of 12 months with a range 3-18 months. The overall bond failure rate was 20 per cent. Heliosit-orthodontic had a 23 per cent failure rate compared with a 16 per cent failure rate for Right-on. Heliosit-orthodontic performed less well on the posterior teeth particularly lower second premolars (P less than 0.01). Both materials performed equally well in the labial segment.

Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate↗
PubMed1987

Improving nutrition in developing countries: can primary health care help?

Protein energy malnutrition and deficiencies of iron, vitamin A and iodine affect millions of people in developing countries. In most cases, deficiency syndromes occur as a result of the interaction of environmental, social and economic factors which affect food availability, requirements and utilization. It is often claimed that primary health care technologies will have striking effects on nutrition. This article reviews some of the constraints that need to be overcome if primary health care is to have a greater nutritional impact in the future.

Bangladesh↗
PubMed1983

Relative carriage rates of nuclear dehydrogenating clostridia in two populations of different colorectal cancer risk.

Carriage of nuclear dehydrogenating clostridia has been associated with colon cancer and implicated in its aetiology. This study has compared the carriage of these organisms in a British population at high risk for the development of colon cancer with a low risk Nigerian population. Clostridia were found in all of the stools from both populations. Nuclear dehydrogenating clostridia were only found in the stools of the British subjects (32%). These results support the suggestion that the carriage rate of nuclear dehydrogenating clostridia in a population is related to the risk of colon cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A comparison of bottle tops, teaspoons and WHO glucose-electrolyte packets for home made oral rehydration solutions in The Gambia.

Three methods of preparation of oral rehydration solution were taught to Gambian mothers and the sodium concentration and osmolality of the solutions prepared were estimated. Most of the solutions made up using WHO glucose-electrolyte mix had a satisfactory sodium content (70 to 120 mmol/l) and osmolality (200 to 350 mosmoles/kg). Of the sugar and salt mixtures using a teaspoon as a measure, 17% were hypertonic (greater than 120 mmol sodium/l) and 24% were hyperosmolar (greater than 350 mosmol/kg). Nearly all the sugar and salt solutions prepared using a soft drink bottle top as a measure had sodium contents of 30-88 mmol/l and none was hyperosmolar. We suggest that wider trials of this simple, widely available measure are indicated.

Child↗
PubMed1981

Nutritional status and severity of diarrhoea among pre-school children in rural Nigeria.

The influence of pre-existing malnutrition on the severity of diarrhoea was investigated by assessing attack-rate and duration of diarrhoea in children aged between 6 months and 32 months at the beginning of the rainy season in Malumfashi village area, northern Nigeria. There were 1.4 attacks of diarrhoea per child during the 3 month rainy season and children spent 10.5% of the time with diarrhoea. The frequency of diarrhoea was not increased in underweight (less than 75% weight/age) or stunted (less than 90% height/age) children, but those who were wasted (less than 80% weight/height) experienced 47% more episodes of diarrhoea than those who were not wasted. However, pre-existing malnutrition affected the duration of diarrhoea, which was 33% longer in underweight children, 37% longer in stunted children, and 79% longer in wasted children.

Body Height↗
PubMed1977

Giardiasis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Feces↗