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Biomedical subjects

A Torrado

Publications and source records attributed to A Torrado.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Single injection clearance in the neonate.

The single injection clearance of inulin was compared to the standard clearance in neonates aged 1--20 days. In the first 3 days of life, the single injection method overestimated glomerular filtration rate by approximately 30%. From the 2nd week of life, values obtained by the two techniques were not significantly different. We conclude that caution should be paid when interpreting results obtained by the single injection technique during the very first days of life.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Maturation of renal function in full-term and premature neonates.

The development of renal function was studied in neonates with gestational ages ranging from 28 to 43 weeks. The effect of gestational age on the maturation of renal function was assessed in newborn infants studied during the first 72 h of life. Postnatal maturation was examined during the first 3 weeks of life. None of these neonates presented any cardiopulmonary or renal disturbances. Inulin and PAH were used as markers of glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow, respectively. From the 28th to the 35th week of gestation, there is a progressive increase in inulin and PAH clearances (r = 0.93; p less than 0.001 and r = 0.81; p less than 0.005, respectively), which then level off up to the end of gestation. A linear increase in systemic blood pressure is observed during the last 12 weeks of gestation (r = 0.88; p less than 0.001). There is a positive significant correlation between the rise in blood pressure and inulin or PAH clearance (p less than 0.005). Postnatal maturation of renal function is similar in preterm and term neonates. In both groups birth is followed by a sharp rise in inulin and PAH clearances, a twofold increase of these parameters being observed during the first two weeks of life.

Gestational Age↗
PubMed1978

Urinary tract infection in high-risk newborn infants.

The prevalence of neonatal urinary tract infection (UTI) was studied in 1,762 high-risk neonates. Symptomatic bacteriuria was found in 1.9% and asymptomatic bacteriuria in 0.5% of these neonates. Male preponderance was 5:1. Clinical manifestations were extremely variable--vomiting, weight loss, and diarrhea being the prominent symptoms. Bacteremia was associated with UTI in six infants. The organisms identified in the urine obtained by suprapubic aspiration were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Proteus. A mixed infection was found in four patients. Roentgenographic examination of the urinary tract showed abnormalities in 44% of the symptomatic patients. It is conclued that symptomatic high-risk newborn infants should be screened for bacteriuria, and that radiological investigations be preformed in those with proven infection.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1976

Renal function in respiratory distress syndrome.

Renal function wa assessed in 20 newborn infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome and compared to that of 10 neonates without respiratory distress or renal disease. Inulin and PAH clearances were markedly depressed in neonates with RDS as compared to controls (5.9 +/- 0.6 vs 9.3 +/- 0.8 ml/min/m2 (p less than 0.01) and 13.5 +/- 2.0 vs 23.2 +/- 1.2 ml/min/m2 ( p less than 0.01), respectively). The impairment of inulin and PAH clearances correlated with the severity of the pulmonary disease. Improvement of the respiratory distress was followed by a progressive rise of inulin and PAH clearances toward normal values. Intravenous administration of hypertonic mannitol in three patients resulted in an immediate increase in urine flow and inulin and PAH clearances. It is concluded that a state of acute, reversible, renal insufficiency can occur in the acute phase of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1975

Effect of intravenous diazepam on renal function.

The effect of intravenous diazepam on glomerular filtration rate (inulin clearance) and effective renal plasma flow (PAH clearance) was investigated in 6 children and 12 anesthetized rabbits. A transient decrease in inulin and PAH clearances was observed in 6 children given 4 mg of diazepam intravenously, without measurable change in blood pressure. A similar renal effect was observed in anesthetized rabbits, together with a transient drop in systemic arterial pressure. Continuous infusion of diazepam (5 mg/kg/hr) did not affect renal function in rabbits. We suggest that this effect of diazepam should be borne in mind when the drug is administered to patients undergoing renal clearance studies or to patients with preexistent renal insufficiency.

Aminohippuric Acids↗
PubMed1975

Glomerular filtration rate in the first three weeks of life.

Clearances of inulin and para-aminohippuric acid were performed in 22 newborn infants without renal disease. Ages varied from 12 hours to 25 days. The mean values of inulin and PAH clearances during the first four days of life were 10.8 +/- 1.0 ml/min/m2 and 30.8 +/- ml/min/m2, respectively. A twofold increase in glomerular filtration rate was observed during the first 14 days of life. A similar increase in PAH clearance occurred during this period. No correlation was found between gestational age (range: 32 to 39 weeks) and GFR in ten neonates studied during the first four days after birth.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Renal function in obstructive nephropathy: long-term effect of reconstructive surgery.

Renal function was studied in 24 children with chronic hydronephrosis and renal insufficiency. The follow-up period after reconstructive surgery was 1 to 12 years. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was assessed by the clearance of endogenous creatinine or inulin. Effective renal plasma flow was assessed by the clearance of PAH. Reconstructive surgery was performed during the first year of life in 12 out of 24 patients, between one and two years of life in 6 patients, and after two years of life in 6 patients. Three different patterns of evolution could be observed after relief of obstruction: (1) An improvement or a normalization of renal function only occurred in patients operated upon before one year of life. (2) A stabilization of renal function without normalization was observed in patients operated upon between one and two years of life. (3) A progressive deterioration of renal function towards terminal renal failure was observed in five out of six patients operated upon after two years of age. This deterioration could not be explained by recurrence of detectable urinary tract infection or urinary stasis. The changes in GRF in four patients with a solitary kidney followed the same pattern. We conclude that it is essential to correct severe chronic hydronephrosis associated with renal insufficiency before one year of age if a lasting improvement of renal function is to be expected.

Child, Preschool↗