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Biomedical subjects

A Toth

Publications and source records attributed to A Toth.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Detection and characterization of immune complexes in the circulation of infertile women.

The incidence of circulating immune complexes (CICs) was evaluated in sera from 39 female partners of infertile marriages and from 38 fertile women. Fifteen (38%) of the infertile women had CICs, as determined by the Raji cell assay, in levels ranging from 300 to 8000 micrograms/ml; whereas only 1 (3%) of the fertile women displayed CICs (P less than 0.001). Analysis of the CICs from nine of the women following polyethylene glycol precipitation and acid dissociation revealed that four contained C1q and three contained an antigen reactive with rabbit antibody to human spermatozoa. These latter three women all lacked free sperm antibody, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and agglutination. Thus, CICs are not uncommon as a manifestation of infertility in females. Their presence may lead to an underestimation of sperm antibody levels and may be indicative of underlying infection or autoimmunity.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1984

Long-term study of cloprednol in asthmatic patients.

Cloprednol was used in 18 steroid-dependent patients with chronic reversible bronchial obstruction over a period of 2 years with respect to HPA-axis function and effect on their clinical status. Patients were treated with a single morning dose of 5-12.5 mg orally. 16 patients were maintained clinically satisfactorily with little change in their steroid status. It was concluded that cloprednol was a satisfactory oral steroid in this group of patients when given as a one-daily morning dose.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1984

The center of the umbilicus as the Veress needle's entry site for laparoscopy.

Transumbilical laparoscopy was performed on 217 patients for diagnostic purposes. The center of the umbilicus was chosen as the entry site for both the Veress needle and the trocar. Two years of follow-up on 92 patients, including 29 who carried full-term pregnancies, did not reveal any damage to the umbilicus or any hernia formation. Beyond cosmetic advantages, the procedure proved to be easier for creating a pneumoperitoneum. No false passage or obstructive bleeding occurred during the procedures.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1984

The development of infections of the genitourinary tract in the wives of infertile males and the possible role of spermatozoa in the development of salpingitis.

Genitourinary tract infections developing in wives during marital life in 1,350 infertile couples were examined. Women married to men with a history of genital tract infection had a significantly higher incidence of vaginitis, urinary tract infection, salpingitis and genital herpes when compared with women whose husbands did not have genital tract infections before the marriage. Of the variables examined, the two factors that showed the most significant association with the tendency to develop salpingitis were the sperm count and the length of time the couple had been trying to achieve a pregnancy. The wives of azoospermic males did not have pelvic inflammatory disease develop but had the same incidence of infection of the lower part of the genital tract as the other studied groups. It is suggested that the bacterial flora of the seminal fluid can play a role in developing salpingitis in the female and that spermatozoa may be involved in delivering bacteria to the higher genital tract structures.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Relationship between genital tract infections, sperm antibodies in seminal fluid, and infertility.

To explore possible relationships between genital tract infections, sperm antibodies, and infertility, seminal fluid from 100 men was analyzed. Sperm antibodies, measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were detected in 14 of 29 men (48%) with culture-positive asymptomatic infections, 8 of 17 men (47%) with a history of prostatitis or urethritis, 11 of 33 men (33%) with either a varicocele or an abnormal semen analysis, and only 1 of 21 men (5%) with no infection and a normal semen analysis. The incidence of sperm antibodies in the men with infections or urethritis or prostatitis was significantly higher than in the control subjects (P less than 0.005). The sperm antibody isotype in men with infections was mainly IgA, although IgG or IgM were also sometimes present. Of the men with asymptomatic infections, urethritis or prostatitis, significantly (P less than 0.025) more men without sperm antibodies (12 of 24, 50%) were fertile than were those with sperm antibodies (3 of 22, 13%). Men with genital tract infections have a high incidence of antibodies, reactive with spermatozoa, which is associated with reduced fertility.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1983

Alternative causes of pelvic inflammatory disease.

Seminal fluid from asymptomatic men reveals a wide variety of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The number of bacteria tends to correlate with the sexual experience of the individual. Experimental evidence has shown that these bacteria can attach themselves to moving spermatozoa and travel through ovulatory-phase cervical mucus. Exogenously added bacteria also exhibit the same potential. These experimental results suggest a rational explanation for the development of pelvic inflammatory disease in promiscuous women with multiple sexual partners. In addition, the findings help to explain the marked difference observed in the rate of pelvic inflammatory disease among patients using barrier-type birth control and oral contraceptives as compared with the rate among women who use intrauterine devices, with which the ovulatory-phase cervical mucus is unprotected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Further clinical experience with testis hypothermia for infertility due to poor semen.

Chronic scrotal hypothermia to 25 patients with infertility and elevated testis temperature resulted in varying degrees of improvement over their pretreatment poor semen in 16/25. Pregnancy occurred in 6/25 "hard core" infertile couples (mean period of infertility 6.0 years) after wearing an evaporative scrotal cooling device for sixteen hours daily for a mean of 14.5 weeks. The offspring of such hypothermia-treated fathers appear to be normal. Varicocele, failed varicocelectomy, and "idiopathic infertility" are conditions suitable for such noninvasive hypothermic treatment. Discontinuance of hypothermia resulted in a return to pretreatment poor semen. Elevated temperature plays a role in poor semen.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Use of oral metronidazole HCl (Flagyl) for posturethritis syndrome.

Six men with nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) who remained symptomatic after specific therapy with different antibiotic regimens were empirically treated with either of two regimens of oral metronidazole: 500 mg., three times a day for ten days, or 2.5 Gm. (10 x 250 mg.) orally in one dose. All patients had pretreatment seminal fluid cultures. No significant pathogen could be isolated. Side effects included generalized weakness, gastrointestinal symptoms, and a characteristic metallic taste. All patients became asymptomatic after therapy. The single-dose therapy seemed to be more effective in persistent cases. Since metronidazole is active only against anaerobic bacteria, it is postulated that currently unidentified anaerobic bacteria may play a role in at least some cases of posturethritis syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Ureaplasma urealyticum and infertility: the effect of different antibiotic regimens on the semen quality.

Objectives criteria of semen quality were evaluated in 243 men treated for Ureaplasma urealyticum genital tract infection with 1 of 4 different antibiotic regimens. Significant improvement was observed in motility, quantity, quality, and percentages of oval and small forms. Doxycycline, whether used for 2 or 4 weeks, at a dosage of 100 mg, twice daily resulted in the same cure rate (79 and 81 per cent, respectively). Tetracycline regimens of 500 mg. 3 times daily for 2 or 4 weeks had significantly inferior cure rates (17 and 55 per cent, respectively). These findings suggest that antibiotic therapy could be valuable in improving semen quality when Ureaplasma is isolated, and that followup culture for the organism should decide the endpoint in therapy, since resistant strains for doxycycline and tetracycline are emerging.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1982

Evidence for microbial transfer by spermatozoa.

Ovulatory-phase cervical mucus columns demonstrate that microorganisms migrate in the cervical mucus with moving spermatozoa. Cultures obtained from the distal end of the mucus column after spermatozoal migration was complete yielded the same aerobic and anaerobic microbial isolates that were originally recovered from the seminal fluid. Exogenous aerobic bacteria added to the seminal fluid. Exogenous aerobic bacteria added to the seminal fluid also appeared at the top of the mucus column. After removal of the spermatozoa, no bacteria were observed migrating through the mucus. It is concluded that spermatozoa may provide a vehicle for bacteria present in the seminal fluid prior to ejaculation and for those already present in the cervix or vagina. The significance of this finding is discussed, and one mechanism for the development of salpingo-oophoritis in the female is proposed.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1981

Asymptomatic bacteriospermia in fertile and infertile men.

Bacterial flora of the seminal fluid were examined in 430 asymptomatic men. Fertile men had significantly fewer positive cultures than any other group selected from the infertile population. Significantly more bacterial isolates were obtained from patients with a history of genital tract infection than from infertile men without a history of genital tract infection. Asymptomatic bacteriospermia was significantly more common among patients with a history of gonorrhea infection than in any other studied groups. Ureaplasma was isolated with the highest frequency from patients with nonspecific urethritis and/or with gonorrhea. It is proposed that follow-up seminal fluid cultures should be used to determine the end-point in treating male genital tract infections.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1980

Chronic scrotal hypothermia as a treatment for poor semen quality.

Six men with infertile marriages associated with poor semen and raised testicular temperature were treated by an experimental appliance which exploits evaporation to obtain normal testicular temperatures. This was worn with little discomfort for as long as 24 h a day and for periods as long as 20 weeks. Three wives became pregnant while their husbands were on treatment. Semen analysis at the time of the missed menses showed improvements in all three men. In two patients who did not achieve a pregnancy, semen improvements were also seen after 12 weeks. The improvements in semen quality cannot be attributed to any agency other than the hypothermia; this strengthens the theory that raised temperature plays a role in male infertility. Scrotal hypothermia seems to be a suitable treatment in men with varicocele, varicocelectomy failure, and idiopathic infertility where intrascrotal temperature is raised.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Site of bronchospasm in exercise-induced asthma.

Bronchoconstriction induced by a bicycle ergometer reached a maximum at the 3rd and 6th minutes after exercise. The values of maximal expiratory flow measured at 25, 50 and 75% of forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow and specific airways conductance, in cases of exercise-induced asthma, indicated that the obstruction of the large airways precedes and, in intensity, surpasses that of the small ones. Bronchial lability index was used for the comparison of the changes in the different parameters. Bronchoconstriction provoked by exercise is considered as a suitable model for the general study of the pathophysiology of bronchial asthma.

Adult↗