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A Toti

Publications and source records attributed to A Toti.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[The Dosage and Quality of Imaging program and quality assurance in mammography].

The aim of the optimization program for mammography (DQM) in Italy is to achieve the best compromise between image quality and dose to patient. 272 centers agreed to the second phase of the program, from February 1987 to January 1990. Exposure, half-value layer (HVL) and focal spot size were measured according to the same methods employed in the first phase of the DQM program (1985), while image quality was evaluated by means of a new performance phantom. The average exposure was 0.96 R (2.48 x 10(-4) C/kg); in 173 (64.3%) centers exposure was less than 1 R (2.58 x 10(-4) C/kg), and only in 3 centers, where a direct X-ray film was employed, was exposure greater than 5 R (12.9 x 10(-4) C/kg). In every center the average whole-breast dose to a reference organ (5 cm thick, composed of 50% fat + 50% water) was calculated on the basis of entrance exposure, HVL, and focus-skin distance; in 63.2% of the centers doses less than 0.15 cGy were employed. The results allowed dose and image quality to be correlated in order to divide the centers (using a film-screen system) into groups with a different efficiency level: in 101 centers dose and image quality were good, in 64 centers too high a dose was employed, in 66 centers image quality was poor, and in 38 centers dose was too high and image quality was poor. It must be stressed that the DQM program can play its role only if each center carries out its Quality Assurance activity after the methods recommended by the World Health Organization.

Mammography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Current role of interventional radiology of the bile ducts].

Interventional Biliary Radiology, born from the development of the instrumental procedures linked to transhepatic cholangiography, plays a leading role in the management of patients with obstructive jaundice. In fact it includes several diagnostic tools, such as cytological examination of the bile, transhepatic brushing and biopsy, percutaneous cholangioscopy, manometric and perfusional biliary studies, which are extremely successful in the diagnosis of nature of the obstructive lesions. On the other hand it includes some therapeutical procedures, deriving from angiographic techniques, which allow the placement of drainage catheters into the biliary tree. These drainage systems, used to decompress the bile ducts, are the external drainage catheter, which divert the bile out of the organism; the external-internal drainage catheter, which restores the physiological biliary flow; the endoprosthesis, a cylindric tube, with sideholes, pushed into the obstructive lesion. All these devices may have a preoperative or definitive-palliative finality.

Bile↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The heterozygote beta-thalassemic patient with regard to radiological hazards].

Since anaemia of varying degree is a quite common finding in heterozygous beta-thalassaemia, a research was done to see if beta-thalassaemia heterozygotes occupationally exposed to long-term continuous external radiation should be more susceptible to haematopoietic damage than non thalassaemic subjects. We examined peripheral haematological findings of 20 beta-thalassaemia heterozygotes previously exposed to a mean of 10.7 mSv, compared with 22 non thalassaemic subjects exposed to 6 mSv, and with 50 not exposed beta-thalassaemia heterozygotes. The obtained results suggest that whole-body external irradiation--with the mean doses reported--does not cause noteworthy changes in beta-thalassaemia heterozygotes.

Adolescent↗