Oesophagogastrectomy in the elderly high risk patients: role of effective regional analgesia and early mobilisation.
BACKGROUND: Oesophagogastrectomy is the best available treatment for patients with carcinoma of the oesophagus or cardia. However, surgical resection may lead to increased mortality, morbidity and longer hospital stays in elderly (aged over 70 years) high risk patients. METHODS: To assess the impact of balanced pre-emptive and postoperative analgesia combined with early mobilisation in elderly patients undergoing oesophagogastrectomy we consecutively studied 52 patients (30 male, 22 female) of 75+/-4.2 years of age (mean+/-SD). Pre-emptive analgesia was by pre-incisional percutaneous paravertebral block combined with an opiate and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) premedication. Postoperative maintenance analgesia was by NSAID and continuous extrapleural intercostal nerve block. Following surgery all but three patients were returned to the ward. RESULTS: The hospital mortality rate was 7.6%. Morbidity caused by cardiovascular (27%), respiratory (23%) and cerebrovascular (19%) complications occurred in 19 patients, with two patients requiring ventilatory support. The mean hospital stay for the survivors was 10 days (range 8 to 30 days). All the survivors had their swallowing restored to normal and returned to their accustomed environment. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggests that surgical treatment can be achieved in the elderly high risk patients with acceptable mortality and morbidity. This is achieved by early mobilisation enabled by balanced pre-emptive and postoperative analgesia.