Biomedical subjects

A Tsukise

Publications and source records attributed to A Tsukise.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Cytochemical localization of glycoconjugates in the secretory epithelial cells lining the prostate gland of the miniature pig.

The aim of the study was to emphasize several specific functional aspects of the mammalian prostate gland. In this connection, the subcellular localization and characterization of glycoconjugates in the secretory epithelial cells were examined that line the prostate gland of the miniature pig, using cytochemistry, including lectin-gold methods. The results verified a diversified pattern of glycoconjugates in the structures of the secretory cells. The secretory granules and the free surface coat of the plasma membrane contained several sugar moieties such as alpha-D-Man, alpha-D-Glc, alpha-L-Fuc, beta-D-Gal, GalNAc, GlcNAc and NeuAc (sialic acid), whereas the Golgi apparatus exhibited GlcNAc and sialic acid residues. In addition, the cisterns of the endoplasmic reticulum showed alpha-D-Man and alpha-D-Glc moieties. It seems likely that the secretory glycoconjugates demonstrated contribute to favourable conditions for fertilization.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Anatomicopathological study of vascular and biliary systems using cast samples of Fasciola-infected bovine livers.

In 117 livers with fascioliasis, this study was focused on the number of Fasciola, the number and intrahepatic localization of affected hepatic ducts and bile ducts, and the degree of fibrosis in the hepatic segments and bile ducts. The degree of pathological changes in bile ducts caused by fascioliasis was classified into five levels. The site of Fasciola habitation was most often the hepatic ducts of the porta hepatis: it was the left hepatic duct in 101 livers and the right hepatic duct in 88 livers. Casts were prepared by infusing synthetic resin into the hepatic arterial, portal, hepatic venous and biliary systems of 15 bovine livers with fascioliasis and then examined. In the left lobe, quadrate lobe, and caudate process where atrophic fibrosis was noted, the bile ducts became rod-shaped by losing branches, and the samples resembled dead branches of liver. Portal branches were thinned or completely terminated with marked fibrosis. Fine and irregular newly formed bile ducts not parallel with portal branches were observed in livers with markedly chronic fascioliasis. Distal portal branches in the right lobe, caudate lobe, and papillary process showed hypertrophic proliferative changes. The arterial system was generally well developed in thickened walls of bile ducts and formed vascular beds, and surrounded the bile ducts as tubes. In livers with severe fibrosis, capillaries were markedly developed and resembled glass cotton.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Ultracytochemical demonstration of glycoproteins in the eccrine glands of the digital pads of the North American raccoon (Procyon lotor).

In the eccrine glands of the digital pads of the North American raccoon (Procyon lotor), ultrastructural localization of glycoproteins with various saccharide residues was studied using preferably lectin cytochemical methods. Secretory granules observed in the dark cells exhibited glycoproteins with different terminal sugars (alpha-D-mannose, beta-D-galactose, beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and sialic acid). The cytoplasm of the clear cells contained numerous glycogen particles. Several sugars were also detectable in the surface coat of the plasma membrane of the secretory cells. The results obtained could be helpful in understanding secretion production and cell related secretion functions of the eccrine glands of the raccoon digital foot pads.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Three-dimensional vasculature of the bovine liver.

To clarify anatomical distribution of Fasciola infection, the vascular and ductal architectures of the liver were studied by means of corrosion cast technique using synthetic resin. The arteria hepatica propria (AP) passes as the arteria gastroduodenalis (AG); AP becomes the left trunk after the porta hepatis; AP passes on the right side of vena porta communis (VPC) and projects AG while curving in a U-shape below the portal vein. Hepatic veins located between the vena hepatica media (HM) and vena hepatica dextra (HD) varied widely among specimens and were irregular, including the vena hepatica dorso-lateralis sinistra (Hds), vena hepatica dorso-lateralis dextra (Hdd), vena hepatica lobi caudati (Hlc), venae hepaticae processus caudati (Hpc), venae hepaticae processus papillaris (Hpp), and the hepatic vein to the dorsal intermediate part, which directly or indirectly drained into the vena cava caudalis. The courses of the bovine hepatic veins were markedly diverse, and anastomoses between vena hepatica sinistra (HS) and Hds were observed in about a half of the livers. The portal vein entered the liver as VPC slightly above the centre of the right lobe on the visceral surface. The intermediate or transverse part [pars transversa trunci sinistri (PTS)] of truncus sinister (TS), which extends from the entry of the portal vein into the left lobe of the liver, was slightly arched downward [pars umbilicalis trunci sinistri (PUS)]. The portal vein further arched from the distal end of TS to the umbilical vein and ran towards the inter-lobar incision between the left lobe and quadrate lobe. Based on these branches, hepatic segments were determined as 13 or 14 areas. A total of 15 bile ducts were derived from various lobes. The hepatic duct was about 2.6-6 cm long from the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts to the division of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Glycoconjugate histochemistry of the seminal vesicles of the Japanese miniature (Shiba) goat.

The present study localizes and characterizes complex glycoconjugates in the seminal vesicles of the Japanese Shiba goat, using several carbohydrate histochemical procedures, including lectin techniques at light and electron microscopic levels. Glandular epithelial cells and luminal secretions were shown to contain neutral and acidic glycoconjugates with various saccharide residues, such as alpha-D-Man, alpha-D-Glc, alpha-L-Fuc, beta-D-Gal, GalNAc, GlcNAc, and NeuAc (sialic acid). The terminal oligosaccharide chains of sialoglycoconjugates present in the seminal vesicles were NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-3GalNAc and NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc. In addition, in lysosomes of the glandular epithelial cells alpha-D-Man, alpha-D-Glc, GlcNAc and NeuAc (sialic acid) residues could be detected, the secretory vesicles contained alpha-L-Fuc, and the endoplasmic reticulum exhibited alpha-D-Man and alpha-D-Glc residues. The complex glycoconjugates with various sugar residues found in the seminal vesicles of the goat may be involved in various fertilization-related events.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Histochemical analyses of glycosaminoglycans in the synovial membrane of the canine knee joint.

The accurate localization and nature of glycosaminoglycans in the synovial membrane of the canine knee joint were examined histochemically by means of the selective sensitized diamine procedures based upon high and low iron diamine stainings in combination with enzyme digestions. Using these methods, it was possible to clearly and easily detect exceedingly small amounts of glycosaminoglycans in synovial tissues, which cannot be visualized by methods employed to date. The sensitized high iron diamine (S-HID) procedure resulted in positive reactions of varying intensities in the intercellular matrix of synovial intima, and in the extracellular matrix and small capillary walls of the superficial layer in the synovial subintima, and also reacted vividly in the extracellular matrix and blood vessel walls of the deeper layer in the synovial subintima. In particular, the sensitized low iron diamine (S-LID) procedure resulted in positive reactions of the extracellular matrix in the synovial subintimal layers. The S-HID and S-LID procedures combined with the enzyme digestions proved that glycosaminoglycan molecular species such as chondroitin sulfate A/C, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid are present in various concentrations in the synovial membrane of the canine knee joint. The present results were discussed with reference to the histophysiological and pathophysiological functions of glycosaminoglycans in the synovium of domestic mammals.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Lectin histochemistry of glycoconjugates in the feline hair follicle and hair.

The distribution of glycoconjugate in the feline hair follicle and hair was studied by light and electron microscopic histochemical methods. The hair apparatus was found to contain considerable amounts of complex carbohydrates with different saccharide residues (alpha-D-mannose, beta-D-glucose, alpha-L-fucose, beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine). Variations of those were detected in the plasma membrane of the hair follicle cells during the course of their differentiation and keratinization, namely, alph-D-glucose, alpha-L-fucose and beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the suprabulbar and bulbar regions. The reaction level of sialic acid residues in the plasma membrane decreased in some cell layers during the course of differentiation. The results obtained from the present study indicated that interaction between saccharide residues of neutral carbohydrates and sialyl groups during the anagen phase might contribute to cell keratinization in hair follicles and hairs. It is discussed whether the existence of glycogen in outer root sheath cells might enable these cells to provide other hair apparatus cells with energy when necessary. Moreover, it became obvious from variations in sialyl residue distribution that cell differentiation processes terminate first of all in Huxley's and Henle's layers within the suprabulbar region of the hair follicle, as followed by the hair cortex.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Ultracytochemistry of glycosaminoglycans in the canine knee synovium.

The accurate localization and nature of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the canine knee synovium were studied by ultracytochemical methods that involved high or low iron diamine-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (physical development) staining in combination with enzyme digestion control procedures. The results obtained indicated that heparan sulfates and hyaluronan were present mainly in the plasma membrane of the B (fibroblast-like) cells. In contrast, the plasma membrane of the A (macrophage-like) cells showed negative reactions after the histochemical examination. Dermatan sulfates, chondroitin sulfates (A and/or C) and hyaluronan were localized in the extracellular matrix of the synovial intima, whereby dermatan sulfates were confined to the fibrous component, whereas chondroitin sulfates and hyaluronan were found in the interfibrous matrix. Heparan sulfate was the only notable GAG molecular species localized in the basement membrane of the capillary wall. It is obvious that differences in the quality and localization of glycosaminoglycans in the canine synovial tissue are of specific interest in understanding normal functions as well as pathological alterations of the knee synovium in mammals.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

The application of three-dimensional internal structure microscopy in the observation of mare ovary.

The ovary of the mare has a unique structure which differs totally from that of other mammals. However, because of its relatively large size, conventional histological techniques were unsuitable for the observation of the internal structure of the whole ovary. Three-dimensional internal structure microscopy (3D-ISM) consists of a cryotome-CCD camera-laser disc recorder-PC-based control system coupled with a graphic workstation. The internal structure of the ovary is observed by processing over more than 1,000 stored images of serially sliced surfaces of each frozen equine ovary. The 3D reconstruction was done using the full-coloured, volume-rendering method. The relationship between the localization of medulla, cortex and ovulation fossa was clarified. The ovulation fossa is localized in the centre of the ovary and is surrounded by a broad ovarian cortex. A trace of ovulation was observed only at the ovulation fossa. Medulla are localized in narrow peripheral areas. The phenomenon of the competition to occupy the cortical area ahead of the ovulation fossa by developing secondary follicles was visualized. Spatial localization of various sized follicles was identified from 3D-reconstructed images. In this study, it has been clarified that application or this novel computerized technique can clarify the anatomical arrangements of the equine ovary and the complex mechanism of equine follicular development.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Cytological and lectin histochemical characterization of secretion production and secretion composition in the tubular glands of the canine anal sacs.

The study reports on secretion production and composition in the tubular glands of the canine anal sacs. For this purpose, light and electron microscopical (TEM, SEM) as well as several histochemical methods for the demonstration of lysosomal acidity, lipofuscin, and complex carbohydrates were used. The glandular tubules exhibited a pseudostratified epithelium with secretory cells of a different shape as related to secretion production activity, and regionally varying amounts of basal cells. Flat, cuboidal or columnar cells with or without apocrine-like protrusions were assembled in one glandular endpiece, although grouping of these cell types often occurred. Active secretory cells were columnar with many cytoplasmic vesicles and a typically merocrine and/or micro-apocrine exocytosis of vesicle contents. Additionally, many lysosomes of different sizes could be found, whereby in aged cells giant secondary lysosomes (autophagolysosomes, about 7 microm in diameter) occupied the major cell part. These giant lysosomes were shed by an apocrine-like process forming a final bottleneck stage of the upper cell part, and consisted of ceroid-type lipofuscin. The general carbohydrate histochemical and the lectin histochemical methods revealed that the secretion produced was composed of strongly concentrated neutral glycoproteins with the following saccharide residues: alpha-D-mannose, beta-D-galactose, beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, alpha-L-fucose and N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (sialic acid); the luminal secretion contained only beta-D-galactose and, especially, N-acetyl-neuraminic acid. This luminal secretion showed a spatially orientated maturation beginning in terminal tubular regions and finishing near the excretory duct, independent of the different secretory cell types. The results obtained demonstrated highly active secretion production, with a regional variation in the glandular tubule, and at least three different modes of secretion by the secretory cells, whereby the shedding of giant lipofuscin granules seems to be very specific. The high amounts of sialic acids in the glycoproteins found may influence the rheological properties of the secretion by their water-binding capacities.

Anal Sacs↗

PubMed2001

Establishment of a swine monocyte cell line.

A swine monocyte cell line was established from peripheral blood sample collected from a healthy adult male pig. The cloned cells grow actively in forming monolayers in both glass and plastic cell culture flasks with the growth medium reported previously (Kadoi, 2000) at 36.5 degrees C incubation. The plating efficiency is more than 95%. Densely grown cells in flasks show an epithelioid morphology. The fundamental properties of the cells were examined for cytological definition as monocytes. A positive property detected was guinea pig complement receptor, porcine IgG receptor, non-specific esterase, and acid phosphatase. A significant phagocytic activity proved by the inoculation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is also one of the characteristics observed in the LPS-activated cells.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Lectin histochemistry of the canine anal glands.

The distribution and selectivity of complex carbohydrates in the canine anal glands were studied by means of lectin histochemistry, using PO-labeled lectins. The secretory epithelium of the anal glands and the excretory duct system exhibited large amounts of mainly neutral glycoproteins with various terminal sugars (alpha-D-mannose, beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, alpha-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, alpha-D-galactose, alpha-L-fucose, N-acetyl-neuraminic acid). Distinctly prominent in the secretion were alpha-L-fucose residues. This relatively hydrophobic sugar may in particular modify or control the viscoelastic properties of the anal gland mucus, so that a stable mucous coat of the rather dry faeces can be formed. In addition, it was obvious that the major part of the excretory duct system is also involved in secretion production, and that the essential function of the saccular dilatations of the excretory ducts is to ensure secretion maturation.

Acetylgalactosamine↗

PubMed2000

Immunohistochemical localization of inhibin and steroidogenic enzymes in the ovary of common tree shrew (Tupaia glis) and northern smooth-tailed tree shrew (Dendrogale murina).

To study the ovarian function of the Order Scandentia, the localization of inhibin and steroidogenic enzymes (3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase and aromatase) in the ovaries of common tree shrew (Tupaia glis) and northern smooth-tailed tree shrew (Dendrogale murina) was immunohistochemically analysed. As in the results reported for other mammals, inhibin alpha-chain was localized in the follicular epithelium of secondary or Graafian follicles in the two species. The localization of aromatase in the ovary of these two species, however, was different. In the common tree shrew, the aromatase was localized in the thecal cells, whilst in other mammals it is localized in the granulosa cells. These results indicate that in the ovary of the common tree shrew, the oestradiol may be synthesized in the thecal cells.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗

PubMed1998

Histochemical analysis of sialic acids in the epididymis of the rat.

A variety of sialic acids contained in the rat epididymis were histochemically examined by means of lectin and pre-lectin methods by light microscopy. Epididymides from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were fixed in Bouin's fluid and routinely embedded in paraffin wax. Hydrated sections were subjected either to the lectin methods using biotinylated Limax flavus, Sambucus nigra, Sambucus sieboldiana or Maackia amurensis lectins or to the selective periodate oxidation-phenylhydrazine-thiocarbohydrazide-silver protein-physical development technique with or without saponification. The present results revealed that principal cells in the initial segment and caput contain sialic acid linked to alpha2,6-galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine, whereas those in the corpus and cauda include the sialic acid alpha2,3-galactose sequence. Narrow and clear cells involve all the types of sialic acids examined. Basal and halo cells mainly contain sialic acid alpha2,3-galactose. 8- And/or 9-O-acetylated sialic acids were predominantly distributed in principal cells of the initial segment and proximal caput. These findings are taken to indicate that various sialic acids in the epididymis could participate in different physiological functions characteristic of the regions in this organ.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Production and immunohistochemical characterization of monoclonal antibodies against ovarian antigen of the common tree shrew (Tupaia glis).

To study the ovarian function of the common tree shrew (Tupaia glis), monoclonal antibodies (MAb) against its ovarian antigen were produced. Several positive hybridomas were cloned and MAb-T2C9 (IgG) was examined for reactivity. Strong immunoreactivity of MAb-T2C9 was localized within the cytoplasm of luteal cells and in the theca interna cells of Graafian follicles. MAb-T2C9 reacted also with testicular interstitial cells and adrenocortical cells, except those of the zona glomerulosa. Similar reactions were seen in the goat and sheep. Western blotting analysis of the ovine corpus luteum after reaction with MAb-T2C9 revealed a single positive band of approximately 60 kDa. These findings suggest that MAb-T2C9 recognized protein molecules related to steroid synthesis.

Adrenal Cortex↗

PubMed1998

Histochemistry of complex carbohydrate in the major salivary glands of hoary bamboo rats (Rhizomys purinosus).

The major salivary glands (parotid glands, monostomatic sublingual glands and submandibular glands) were obtained from hoary bamboo rats (Rhizomys purinosus) and fixed in Bouin's solution. Paraffin sections were subjected to a battery of staining methods including lectin staining for demonstration of complex carbohydrates. Among the three major salivary glands, unique histochemical features were observed in the submandibular gland. Different from most myomorpha species, submandibular glands of the hoary bamboo rats have two types of secretory cells in the secretory endpieces. One type of cells showed positive reactions with Alcian blue (AB)(pH2.5), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and some lectins (peanuts agglutinin, Griffonia simplicifolia I, Maclura pomifera agglutinin). The granular ducts, which exist in animals belonging to suborder myomorpha, were not observed in the submandibular glands of this animal.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Lectin histochemistry of snout skin and foot pads in the wolf and the domesticated dog (Mammalia: Canidae).

The distribution and selectivity of complex carbohydrates in the snout skin and the foot pads of the wolf and the domesticated dog were studied by means of light-microscopic histochemical methods, particularly lectin histochemistry. In the snout, moderate to strong staining reactions were confined to intercellular substances among the epidermal cells, containing neutral glycoconjugates (glycoproteins, glycolipids) with various saccharide residues (alpha-D-mannose, beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, alpha-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, beta-D-galactose). In the foot pads, distinct reactions were found in neutral glycoconjugates of intercellular substances of the stratum corneum, with alpha-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl and beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl residues, but only in the wolf, whereas in the dog such substances were concentrated in the spinosal and basal epidermal layers, additionally marked by D-galactose. The eccrine glands exhibited high amounts of mainly neutral glycoconjugates in the secretory portion, especially in the wolf. A clear spectrum of saccharide residues was demonstrable in the dark cells (alpha-D-mannose, beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, alpha-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, alpha-D-galactose), and in the clear cells which lacked mannose and contained beta-D-galactose. In contrast to the wolf, strong reactions for glycoconjugates were visible among intercellular substances of intradermal excretory duct cells in the dog. Only in the wolf did the periphery of the intracorneal excretory ducts and the outer surface of the foot pads show clearly positive reactions for glycoconjugates. The results obtained are discussed with regard to the specific functions of the body regions investigated and the behavioural biology of the Canidae. It is obvious that differences in amounts, quality, and localization of the glycoconjugates produced exist between the wolf and its domesticated descendant.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Production and immunohistochemical characterization of specific antibody to oviductal fluid of miniature 'Shiba' goat.

Monoclonal antibodies were produced against the oviductal secretory substances in 'Shiba' goats and their nature was characterized. In the ampullary region, very strong immunoreactivity with one clone (EE-1) was localized within the cytoplasm of non-ciliated cells ("secretory cells"), whereas very little or no immunoreactivity was observed in the isthmus region. This reactivity pattern was observed in both estrous and luteal phases. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the antigen to be either absent or minimally present in other organs including the alimentary canal, liver, pancreas, lung, kidney, uterus, thyroid gland, heart, spleen and spinal cord, and in oviducts of other species such as hamster, sheep and cow. The immunoglobulin isotype of EE-1 was determined as IgM with a kappa light chain. The positive reactions were eliminated by treating deparaffinized sections with periodic acid or testicular hyaluronidase. Results obtained in this study suggest that ampullary secretory cells in 'Shiba' goat oviduct contain a species- and tissue-specific antigen containing hyaluronic acid or hyaluronidase-sensitive carbohydrates.

Animals↗