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Biomedical subjects

A Tursz

Publications and source records attributed to A Tursz.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Evaluation of the application of laws or regulations].

In the field of safety, accidents and injuries, laws and regulations can either ensure a passive protection of persons, or need their active participation. In the latter situation, beside the use of health indicators (rates of fatalities, accidents, injuries), the evaluation will also focus on changes of behaviour. In the case of mandatory restraint devices for young children, the evaluation of the laws indicates their effectiveness, but also: 1) methodological issues in interpretation of the results (reliability of the sources of information, choice of relevant denominators for the calculation of rates ...); 2) families low compliance, due to problems of acceptability of the laws and regulations, and to personal factors (demographic, socio-economic, cultural, and mainly psychological).

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1990

Home accidents to children under 2 years of age.

Within a population-based register of childhood injuries, 641 home accidents to children aged under 2 years were recorded in six hospitals. The annual rate was higher in children over 1 year (6.6 per 100) than in infants (2.7 per 100). A male predominance was observed only after the first birthday. Most injuries were related to physical trauma (mainly falls), but burns and poisonings were frequent in the second year. Most lesions were benign, except in the case of falls from a height (from a window or baby furniture). Nineteen per cent of the children were admitted to hospital. There were 15 skull fractures, two fatal cases and two severe sequelae. Child abuse was seldom suspected and the reasons for this are discussed. The study of the circumstances in which accidents occur leads to the conclusion that the main aspect of prevention should be passive protection ensured by the creation of a safe environment (compulsory safety standards for baby furniture, child resistant packaging), but that parents' information and education should also be developed, with emphasis on knowledge of children's normal psychological and motor development and abilities.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1990

Unintended injuries in children: the French situation.

The French situation with respect to mortality from unintentional injuries in children is far from satisfactory. International comparison is made difficult by statistical bias, but although excess injury mortality is decreasing in France, rates are higher than in most advanced European countries. Many regulations have been enacted during the past 30 years to reduce the economic and social burden of injuries, but political will is insufficient to establish a consolidated national program and enforcement of existing legislation is inadequate. Evaluation of preventive and educational programs is less than optimal; many attempts have not met basic methodologic requirements. The situation is improving, partly because of growing social concern. New regulations are in preparation, but solution of this major public health problem also demands behavioral change, which is much more difficult to effect than other measures. Greater commitment to research, proper evaluation of sound programs, and enforcement of existing law doubtless would reduce the excess morbidity and mortality resulting from unintended injuries to children.

Accidents↗
PubMed1988

[Epidemiologic study of injuries in infants].

Eight hundred fifty-four injuries to children under 2 years of age were analysed. Injuries were more frequent in the second year than in younger infants. No major male predominance was observed. Most injuries were related to home accidents and mainly to mechanical trauma. Burns and poisonings were less frequent but their percentage was higher during the second year. Most lesions were benign, except in case of fall from a height (window falls, falls from baby furniture). Medical cost was rather high due to a 17% rate of hospital admissions and a 4 days average length of stay. Two fatal cases were registered. Sequelae appeared to be rare. Child abuse was seldom suspected and reason for that remains unclear. The study of accidents mechanism leads to think that teaching young children the control of hazardous situations should play a large part in prevention.

Accidents↗
PubMed1987

[Epidemiologic study of sports injuries in children].

From 1981 to 1982, within a one year period, all medically treated childrens' accidents were recorded in the public and private medical facilities of a French health care district near Paris. Sports injuries represented 11% of all injuries, and in children aged 12 years and over, sports areas were the leading site of accidents (24%). Seven hundred thirty-eight sports injuries to children aged 6 years and over were analysed and compared to other types of accidental injuries (home, school and traffic accidents). The overall incidence of sports injuries was estimated to be 1.1% in children aged 6 to 14 years. Out-of-school sports accidents were more frequent among boys, but boys and girls had similar injury rates in school physical education. Most lesions were benign but the fracture rate was 22%. A majority of lesions were located on the upper limb. Most commonly, the mechanism of accident was a forward fall and children were injured without any participation of sports equipment. The hospitalization rate was 11%. Repeated hospital admissions and a long time elapsing between the accident and full recovery were significantly more often observed than in other types of accidents. This might be explained by a higher rate of epiphyseal fractures and internal fixations. Eighteen months after the accident, musculo-skeletal sequelae were observed in 12% of the inpatient children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Risk-taking behavior and accidents in adolescence in developed countries].

Injuries due to accidents are the primary cause of fatalities among adolescents. Between the ages of 10 and 19, mortality caused by accidents augments significantly, and there is an excess of male mortality, increasing with age. This mortality has remained virtually unchanged over the past 25 years, except for a small narrowing of rate differences by sex. Traffic accidents, particularly those involving motorcycles, are the leading cause of accident fatalities. Though not easily assessed, morbidity due to accidents is probably very high, especially among males. Sports accidents are the most frequent. Adolescents appear to be particularly exposed to some risks, but also tend to be careless about safety. Risk-taking is a source of rewards: pleasure, self-affirmation, sense of independence; but it is described by some authors as self-destructiveness, death from accidents reflecting suicidal tendencies. Paradoxical results of prevention have been observed in this age group.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1985

[Functional, social and professional outcome of patients with juvenile chronic arthritis seen again 12 years after a 1st evaluation].

The authors assessed the outcome of children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis following an average of 18 years since the onset of the illness. Two-thirds of the patients with the systemic form were asymptomatic. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis which began with pauciarticular involvement and progressed to polyarticular involvement had the most severe disability, affecting 25% of these patients. Social and professional pursuits were most often satisfactory in spite of numerous problems encountered during the school years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Hospitals transfers of children of Maghreb countries. Reflections on current problems and short- and long-term solutions].

Every year, several thousands of North African children receive transfers to France for hospitalization. The need for these medical transfers is linked to a rapidly expending population, improving diagnostic techniques and inadequate therapeutic technology. Affected children are referred most often for cardiac and oncological diseases. Efforts have been made to discern the medical indications for such transfers, to facilitate the acceptance by social aid agencies and to provide the best possible psychosocial and educational settings for the children involved. Yet, many problems remain, such as advanced disease states and associated diseases at the time of transfer, affective disorders, worsened by the prolonged stay in hospital. Solutions must be found for these problems. Examples would include close collaboration between referred North African and French medical teams, and the existence in France of cultural environment sensitive to the needs to the North African patients. Because transfers are responsible for a high financial and affective cost, and for a dependent relationship between countries, long-term solutions must be considered and could include the transfer of technology and cooperation in research rather than medical care.

Africa, Northern↗
PubMed1984

[Registration of children's accidents in health care and prevention facilities of a health sector].

In 1981-82, 5, 963 children's accidents were reported over a one-year period in 2 public and 11 private hospitals in a given public health district. The nature of treated accidents in the public hospitals differs from that in the private facilities. Reporting of cases reaches 75% in the public hospitals; only about 50% in the private hospitals. Characteristics of reported accidents differ from those unreported. While the quality of clinical data is satisfactory, the site of the accident is unknown in 14%, and the causal agent, in 35% of the cases. The estimation of incidence implies the extension of registrations to the private sector, source of 31% of reported cases, and where significant differences from the public sector were observed in the nature of the accidents. A permanent system requires use of a rolling sample and training of personnel. Systematic registration is a tool to measure incidence of accidents, but is not a suitable instrument for the surveillance of dangerous products and objects.

Accidents↗
PubMed1983

[Hospitalization of foreign children in the Paris area].

In 1980, within a 29 day-period, we studied all the hospitalizations of children in 14 departments of the "Assistance Publique" in Paris. The survey included 940 children and 978 hospitalizations. We compared French children with foreign children, living in France and born to 2 foreign parents. The rate of foreign children among the hospitalized children is abnormally high. This high rate is partly explained by social factors but remains high after adjustment of those factors. The 2 groups of children are not hospitalized for the same kind of diseases: French children are more frequently hospitalized for congenital malformations, foreign children for accidents and infections. Foreign children are hospitalized longer than French children for a same disease. The length of hospitalization is not connected with the father's type of work but rather with the occupation of the mother. The child's hospitalization is shorter when the mother has a professional occupation, and that influence of the mother's work is independent of the other factors.

Child↗
PubMed1977

[Etiological study of low fertility in eastern Gaboon. III. Filarial endemicity (Loa loa, D. perstans). Prevalence of microfilariae in hydroceles (author's transl)].

During an inquiry performed in Gaboon the prevalence of hydroceles had led to puncture systematically every vaginal flow. 68 fluids were so collected at the end of the inquiry. Subsequently the statistical analysis of the results in men seems to suggest a correlation between microfilaremia (Loa loa and D. perstans) and the prevalence of hydroceles. Microfilariae were found in 77% according to the following distribution: Loa loa seldom diagnosed in this kind of flow were detected in 10%; D. perstans although never reported so far in hydrocele fluids appeared to be present in 62%. O. volvulus more currently referred to in hydrocele liquids were scarcely traced.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Etiological study of low fertility in eastern Gaboon. I. Scheme and first findings (author's transl)].

The etiological study conducted in 1975 in Haut-Ogooué and Ogooué-Lolo included 1,548 patients male and female. In the 21 investigated areas the patients were asked questions and examined by a medical team which took swabs so that bacterial, parastic, immunological and genetical assays could be carried out. The object of this article is to review the feasibility of such a local inquiry and state the first findings. Abnormalities of the epididymis are more commonly verified in non-fertile men. Microfilaremia is related to the presence of hydroceles and epididymis lesions. It shows more often in men with less than 3 children. The authors do not refer to any of physiopathology to explain these findings which need to be ascertained in further inquiries.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Etiological study of low fertility in eastern Gaboon. II. Results according to the geographical distribution and the ethnic group (author's transl)].

An epidemiological study was conducted in Haut-Ogooué and Ogooué-Lolo, and included 875 men and 673 women. The purpose of this article is to precise the geographical distribution of the factors related to low fertility, and to verify the stability of the etiological relations according to the region, the place of residence and the ethny. Among men, hydroceles and epididym lesions are more frequent in Ogooué-Lolo, in small villages, and in forest areas. Microfilariae Loa-loa and D. perstans has the same distribution. In both regions and what ever the type of residence (town or village), the epididym lesions are more frequent in non fertile men, microfilariae is linked with genital lesions and is more seldom found in men who are the fathers of more than two children. Among women, leukorrheas, pelvic pains, and adnexal masses are related to low fertility, what ever the place of residence is.

Adult↗