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Biomedical subjects

A Tyler

Publications and source records attributed to A Tyler.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Serotonin condensation product 5-hydroxymethtryptoline: evidence for in vivo formation from acetaldehyde during intoxication using deuterium labelled ethanol.

Trideuterated 5-hydroxymethtryptoline was found in the urine of rats treated with trideuterated ethanol. The combined treatment with disulfiram lead to a more than 10-fold increase in the excretion rate. The chiral analysis revealed unequal abundance of enantiomers suggesting the involvement of a stereoselective (enzymatic) mechanism in the formation 5-hydroxymethtryptoline during ethanol intoxication.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1986

The problem of isolated cases of Huntington's disease in South Wales 1974-1984.

A firm diagnosis of Huntington's Disease (HD) is based upon both clinical observation and a positive family history. 192 cases of HD occurred in South Wales over a 10 year period fitting both criteria but an additional 37 patients did not have affected relatives despite detailed enquiries. Twenty-two of these were still thought to have HD on clinical grounds whilst this diagnosis was thought less likely for 15. Definite post-mortem outcomes are known for 7 patients and the clinical diagnosis confirmed on 6 occasions. Details regarding these two groups are presented together with an additional case in which HD was given on the death certificate but a post-mortem revealed a diagnosis of Kufs' disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Post-arterial reconstruction edema, are lymphatic channels to blame?

Edema which follows successful arterial reconstruction of a previously ischemic lower limb is a common observation. Most patients have no long term difficulty, but this side effect requires considerable attention to leg care and frequently delays resumption of normal activity. Earlier studies suggested various causes. This study looked into lymphatic causes. 125I RIHSA clearance was monitored in 4 patients who developed edema following femoropopliteal bypass, and 5 patients who did not develop edema following other vascular procedures. In the edematous limbs following successful femoropopliteal bypass grafting, the mean T 1/2 was 18.4 hours when compared to 52.7 hrs. in other procedures (p less than .025). This indicates increased lymphatic flow of the distal superficial lymphatics. It is concluded that post reconstruction edema is not due to lymphatic disruption but is instead of multifactorial origin.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Lymphatic flow in humans as indicated by the clearance of 125I-labeled albumin from the subcutaneous tissue of the leg.

Since the removal of albumin from the extracellular space and its return to the vascular compartment is the essential function of the lymphatic system, the rate at which it is removed from the interstitial tissue may be regarded as a means of estimating lymphatic efficiency. An objective measure of lymphatic function can be obtained by monitoring the rate of clearance following injection of 125I-labeled albumin (RIHSA) from the subcutaneous tissue of a limb. The clearance of 125I-RIHSA from lower limb was monitored in a group of patients with normal limbs, patients with unilateral edema due to deep vein thrombosis, and patients with bilateral edema due to hypoproteinemia. The mean T1/2 in normal legs was 32.7 hr, compared to 23.7 hr in edematous limbs due to deep vein thrombosis and 19.4 in edematous limbs due to hypoproteinemia. There is a clear-cut difference in clearance rate between edematous and nonedematous limbs. This suggests that lymphatic flow is increased in edema due to venous obstruction and hypoproteinemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Attitudes of subjects at risk and their relatives towards genetic counselling in Huntington's chorea.

Ninety-two patients suffering from Huntington's chorea (HC) and their spouses, and 91 subjects with an affected parent and their spouses, living in three counties of industrial South Wales, have been studied regarding their knowledge of their inheritance of the disorder. Particular attention was paid to its influence on their attitudes towards child-bearing, telling their children of the risks, and predictive tests. Only 12% of the patients were known to have received professional advice before completing their families, in contrast to 68% of the sample at risk. It is estimated that 82% of the patients and 60% of the subjects at risk had, or might have, restricted their family size had they known in time. The majority found genetic counselling helpful, but did not necessarily wish to alter their child-bearing plans in consequence. It was clear that information provided by the family alone was usually inadequate and that this applied to the present generation at risk as well as to previous generations. It was concluded that the burden of telling children the risks is too great for most parents and that professional help is needed. The long term impact of genetic counselling on the incidence of the disease is impossible to assess without continued monitoring, but preliminary results are encouraging. Attitudes towards a predictive test reflected much conflict: although 56% overall wished to take one, only 40% of those who were parents wished to know if they were at risk of passing the gene on to their children. Few subjects reported severe social stress on learning of their genetic risks, but about one in four reported experiencing significant anxiety.

Contraception Behavior↗
PubMed1982

A genetic register for Huntington's chorea in South Wales.

A regional genetic register for Huntington's chorea in South Wales is described, based on previous family studies in this area, which is one of high prevalence for the disorder. The primary role of the register is to help in the efficient delivery of services, including genetic counselling, to affected subjects and relatives, and to monitor changes in the population at risk. The mode of operation of the register is described and the essential importance of strict confidentiality is stressed.

Computers↗
PubMed1981

Huntington's Chorea in South Wales. A genetic and epidemiological study.

A study of Huntington's Chorea in South Wales has shown a prevalence of 7.61 per 100,000 in the counties of Gwent and Glamorgan, with a total population of 1.7 million. Heterozygote frequency is close to 1 in 5,000. Total ascertainment within this area has been attempted, and experience since conclusion of the study has shown no patients who have been omitted apart from those originating outside the area and those new cases with no living affected relatives. Analysis of migration patterns suggests that around 20% of cases in each generation arise from outside Glamorgan and Gwent and that around 12% of first-degree relatives of indigenous cases have left the area. The survey has formed the initial phase of a long-term prospective study of the disease involving systematic genetic counselling of all high-risk individuals and regular surveillance to monitor possible trends in future prevalence.

Genetic Counseling↗
PubMed1979

Huntington's chorea. The basis for long-term prevention.

A long-term programme to reduce the incidence of Huntington's Chorea has been established in South Wales, based on a study of all individuals known to be affected or at high risk in a defined population of 1.7 million people. Systematic but non-directive genetic counselling is being given to all adults at risk, accompanied by regular follow-up to provide both further information and practical support where required. The number of observed and projected new cases of the disorder born between 1900 and 1970 has remained almost constant, despite a progressive reduction in birth-rate in the general population during this period. Prospective monitoring of all births in the high-risk population will allow an estimate to be made of future trends and will show whether preventive measures are having any significant effect on the future incidence of the disorder in the population.

Adolescent↗