PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Upton

Publications and source records attributed to A Upton.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

The private funding of public research. New directions in the administration of occupational and environmental health research.

Dr. Cullen: The experience with the new research models, starting with the prototypic experience of the rubber industry studies of the 1970s and expanding to diverse sectors of American industry in the 1980s, has yielded some important lessons for the future. In closing this symposium I shall try to summarize these briefly. Certain strengths of the evolving process seem common to each of the models. Alone and collectively, the new research arrangements have quite apparently served to increase substantially the pool of funds available to the academic sector for the study of occupational health and safety problems. As a consequence, a larger pool of investigators has participated in the research process, greatly strengthening the future academic capability and experience of our fragilely supported teaching centers. Combined with the involvement of the academic centers in the review process, there has been an undeniable broadening and deepening of the nation's research output and long-term capability in occupational health. On the side of the private sector, the new relationships have led to marked progress in the knowledge base about health and safety problems, with a heavily directed focus on those of greatest relevance to the industries involved. The credibility of the knowledge acquired has been enhanced, an important achievement in a society in which perception of truth is often as important as the truth itself! Because of the requirements of the process for broad involvement by the organizations which undertake these activities, health and safety have achieved far greater visibility and attention by corporate and union leaders who may have previously had no involvement in issues of health and safety.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Balance and cognitive impairment in two epileptic patients before and after vagal nerve stimulation.

Balance and cognition were assessed in two patients with uncontrolled complex partial seizures. The patients were on anticonvulsant medications and were treated with left vagal stimulation. Balance and cognition were assessed before and after vagal stimulation, and the results were compared with age matched controls and older patients with Parkinson's disease. Severe impairments of function were found in the epileptic patients, and such negative effects of medication make vagal stimulation a potentially practical alternative treatment for uncontrolled epilepsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Multiple sclerosis in childhood: clinical profile in 125 patients.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) has its usual onset in early adult life (average age of 30 years), but age at clinical onset varies considerably. The implications of the age of onset on the clinical presentation and course of MS are unclear. This population-based retrospective study presents data from a group of 125 patients with onset of MS before age 16 years and can thus be considered as representative of MS occurring in childhood. It demonstrates that childhood MS is more frequent in girls, that it very often has a relapsing-remitting course, that initial bouts usually involve afferent structures of the central nervous system, that recovery from these is often complete, and that the pace of the disease is slow.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A double-blind crossover study of cinromide versus placebo in epileptic outpatients with partial seizures.

Cinromide was evaluated versus placebo as add-on therapy in a double-blind crossover study in epileptic outpatients with partial seizures at three sites. Four-week base lines were used before, between, and after the two 12-week treatment periods of the crossover. An operational definition was used to classify each partial seizure as Type A, B, or C. Doses of concurrent antiepileptic drugs were adjusted to maintain pretreatment therapeutic plasma levels. Doses of cinromide ranged from 1,200 to 4,800 mg/day, depending on patient response. Seven patients were withdrawn from the study because of adverse experiences (two receiving placebo and five receiving cinromide). Twenty-eight patients completed the entire 36-week study. A decrease in the average frequency of seizures/week was observed in 12 patients receiving cinromide and in 16 patients receiving placebo. The median frequencies with cinromide and placebo were 3.3 and 2.9 seizures/week, respectively (median initial base-line frequency 3.5 seizures/week for all 28 patients). Although patients were randomly assigned to receive either cinromide or placebo first, the median base-line seizure frequency was greater at the start of the first treatment period in the cinromide group (4.3 versus 2.5 seizures/week) and greater at the start of the second treatment period in the placebo group (3.8 versus 1.4). The median seizure frequency in each higher group decreased with treatment, whereas it increased in each of the lower groups. This study did not demonstrate a beneficial effect of cinromide over placebo for Type A, B, or C partial seizures. The data suggested the presence of an oscillation of seizure frequency in our population of epileptic patients having partial seizures, as well as a placebo effect. No significant carry-over effects were observed. Cinromide has previously been shown to have significant antiepileptic activity in various animal models of epilepsy. The lack of an antiepileptic response to cinromide in humans may have been due to factors other than species differences but indicates that a positive results of a drug in animal models is not the sole factor necessary to predict beneficial antiepileptic activity in humans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Patterns of motoneuron dysfunction and recovery.

Electrophysiological studies have been carried out on five patients with neuropathies of different etiologies. In each patient serial estimates were made of the numbers of functioning motor units in various muscles. It was found that the intensity of the neuropathic process and the rate of recovery differed in a consistent way among the motoneuron pools investigated. The lesion was more severe in extensor digitorum brevis neurons than in thenar neurons, while the hypothenar ones were least affected. A stage of partial synaptic failure has been recognized in which a motoneuron appears to be no longer able to excite a muscle fiber, but still capable of maintaining certain trophic activities. By comparing the number of functioning motor units with the size of the maximum evoked muscle response it has been possible to detect the adoption of denervated muscle fibers by axonal sprouts from 'healthy' surviving neurons (collateral reinnervation). Lastly, in some muscles it appears that the adopted muscle fibers may subsequently be recaptured by the original motoneurons following recovery of the latter from the neurotoxic insult.

Adult↗
PubMed1974

Large electroencephalographic responses and their relationship to cleido-cranial dysplasia.

We have reported six individuals (five certain heterozygotes for cleido-cranial-dysostosis and one possible heterozygote) who have unusual EEG findings, consisting of very large responses to photic flash stimulation at very low stimulus rates. Such visual responses are extremely rare and have not been seen before in the experience of an EEG department over 12 years and they were not seen in 98 control subjects. It is likely that these responses are an irregular manifestation of the gene for cleido-cranial-dysplasia, and that the responses are independent of skull deformity. One importance of these responses is their demonstration in neurologically normal individuals for previously such large responses have only been reported in association with neurolipidosis. They may have neurophysiological significance in that they may reflect an unusual balance between inhibitory and excitatory mechanisms in the nervous system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1970

Gelastic epilepsy.

A case of retinitis pigmentosa with laughing epilepsy is described. Stereotyped repetitive episodes of limb movement, rigidity, and cackling laughter responding to diazepam are recorded. One episode is presented as gelastic status epilepticus and the clinical and EEG features are reported. Features of gelastic epilepsy are discussed and briefly compared with other laughing disorders. A short history of the condition is accompanied by a relevant review of the literature. The possible importance of hypothalamic lesions in laughing epilepsy is discussed and the absence of consistent EEG findings is noted.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Safety and efficacy of chronic stimulation.

It is our conclusion that chronic cerebellar stimulation is both efficacious and safe as a therapeutic measure for selected neurological disease. Improvements in patient selection, with patients chosen who are not as incapacitated as those of our first group, showed make this even more apparent. In order to be certain that calibration of the present stimulating equipment is accurate, each such apparatus should be calibrated by the group treating the patient. We no make this a routine aspect of our follow-up re-examinations.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Safety and efficacy of chronic cerebellar stimulation.

It is our conclusion that CCS is both efficacious and safe as a therapeutic measure for neurologic disease. As indications become more concise and patients can be chosen who are not as incapacitated as those in our first group, this should become even more apparent. In order to be certain that calibration of the stimulating equipment is accurate each apparatus should be calibrated by the group treating the patient. We are now making this a routine aspect of our follow-up recheck examinations.

Adolescent↗