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Biomedical subjects

A Urban

Publications and source records attributed to A Urban.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of metaplastic carcinoma of the breast: report of a case with abundant myxoid ground substance.

Metaplastic carcinoma (MC) is an uncommon neoplasm of the breast. There are several variants of MC depending on the dominant histologic pattern. The components include over infiltrating ductal carcinoma, extensive squamous differentiation and spindle cell proliferation with or without chondroid or asseous heterologous elements. In FNA smears, only 57% of cases show both ductal carcinoma and metaplastic component. Thus, in almost one half of the cases, the diagnosis is not possible by FNA. Often it is difficult to define the epithelial or sarcomatous character of malignant cells. We describe a case of metaplastic carcinoma of the breast studied by fine-needle aspiration cytology in which myxoid ground substance was the dominant feature in the cytology smears. The rest of the material was composed of scanty isolated atypical cells with large and irregular nuclei. It is important to bear in mind the diagnosis of MC and make a careful search for atypical cells when the cytological smears are mainly composed of myxoid ground substance.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1994

K-ras gene point mutation: a stable tumor marker in non-small cell lung carcinoma.

K-ras gene point mutation is a highly frequent event in human malignancy. About one third of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harbor K-ras gene point mutational activations. This study investigates the prevalence of K-ras mutation in autopsy tumors with NSCLC, and the correlation of K-ras gene point mutations between primary tumors and metastases in NSCLC. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 15 primary lung tumors and their metastases, (obtained from autopsy), were examined for the presence of point mutations in K-ras gene codon 12, 13 and 61 by oligodeoxynucleotide hybridization analysis of DNA fragments, amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). K-ras gene point mutations were detected in five cases of lung carcinoma, of which four were adenocarcinomas and one was squamous cell carcinoma. In each of these cases, identical K-ras gene mutations were found in the DNA of both the primary tumor and its corresponding distant metastases. Activating K-ras base-substitutions correlate well between the primary tumor and its corresponding metastases in NSCLC. In the negative cases where no K-ras mutation was found in the primary tumors, no newly acquired K-ras mutation appeared in the metastases. Our study indicates that K-ras point mutation serves as a stable tumor marker in NSCLC.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats. Its role in the development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

Bacterial translocation occurs in ascitic cirrhotic rats, but its association with ascites infection is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the relation between bacterial translocation and ascites infection in cirrhotic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced to cirrhosis with intragastric CCl4. Ascitic fluid, portal and peripheral blood, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and spleen samples were cultured before death in those cirrhotic rats with less (group A) or more (group B) than 250 polymorphonuclear neutrophils/mm3 in ascitic fluid, as well as in healthy control rats. Histological examination of jejunum, ileum, and caecum was also performed. Bacterial translocation occurred in 45% of ascitic rats (without differences between groups A and B), but in 0% controls (p = 0.01). Bacterial translocation was associated with positive ascitic fluid culture in 60% of the cases. In all of them the same bacterial species was isolated in both mesenteric lymph node and ascitic fluid. Submucosal caecal oedema (100%), ileal lymphangiectasia (41%), and caecal inflammatory infiltrate (41%) occurred in ascitic rats, the last being associated with ascitic fluid positive culture (p = 0.04). These results suggests that bacterial translocation occurs frequently in ascitic cirrhotic rats, and may play a permissive, but not unique, part in a number of ascites infections. Whether histological changes seen in cirrhotic ascitic rats favour bacterial translocation remains to be elucidated.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Prenatal diagnosis in twin gestations: a comparison between second-trimester amniocentesis and first-trimester chorionic villus sampling.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prospectively the relative risks and accuracy of first-trimester chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and second-trimester amniocentesis in the genetic evaluation of twin gestations. METHODS: Between March 1984 and August 1990, patients presenting for prenatal diagnosis of a twin gestation of less than 12 weeks were offered sampling by either first-trimester CVS or amniocentesis at 16-18 weeks' gestation. Selection was based solely on patient preference and was obtained before ultrasound identification of placental position. Women presenting beyond 12 weeks' gestation were sampled by amniocentesis. Clinical and laboratory outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: Eighty-one women had amniocentesis (nine of whom also had CVS), and 161 women had CVS. All fetuses in both groups were successfully sampled and karyotyped; 85.3% of the amniocentesis patients and 75.8% of the CVS patients were sampled in two or fewer passes (P = not significant). There were three cases of twin-twin villus contamination following CVS; one of these led to incorrect gender assignment because of erroneous laboratory interpretation. Loss of the entire pregnancy from the time of sampling until the 28th week of gestation followed amniocentesis in 2.9% of the cass and CVS in 3.2%. The total fetal loss rates were 9.3% for amniocentesis and 4.9% for CVS (P = not significant). When pregnancies having mosaic or abnormal karyotype results are excluded, the total amniocentesis loss rate remained 9.3% and the CVS loss rate became 3.9% (P < .05). CONCLUSION: In the hands of experienced operators, CVS is at least as safe and effective as amniocentesis for the prenatal diagnosis of twin gestations.

Abortion, Eugenic↗
PubMed1992

Colorectal polyps in autopsy material. Part I. Adenomatous polyps.

In prospective studies specimens of the large bowel were obtained from 733 autopsy cases. After fixing they were examined under illuminated magnifying lens and all polypous lesions were excised for histological analysis and classified according to Correa's criteria (8). Adenomatous polyps were found in 280 cases (38.2%) and their prevalence increased with age in both sexes. Adenomatous polyps, also multiple were found most frequently in the transverse colon, and then ascending colon, sigmoid, descending colon and rectum. The mean number of adenomatous polyps per positive specimen was 2.33 for men and 2.60 for women. In 6.8% their diameter was > or = 10 mm. The prevalence of polyps with severe degree of dysplasia (III degree) increased from proximal to distal segments of the colon in both sexes and their prevalence is significantly higher in the ascending colon in women. In the whole series there were 6 adenocarcinomas of 5-18 mm in size, all in women over 80 years of age. The results of the present study were compared with the data concerning other populations of the world. In the light of a repeatedly confirmed a generally accepted relationship between adenoma and adenocarcinoma of the large intestine the results of our study seem to underestimate the prevalence of colon adenocarcinoma in the population of Cracow and Cracow district.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Selected immunohistochemical markers in stromal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract.

We studied immunohistochemical reactions to vimentin, desmin and protein S-100 in 43 cases of stromal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. The material studied included: 1 esophageal tumor, 18 gastric tumors, 19 small intestinal tumors and 5 colonic tumors, classified in 13 cases as benign and in 30 cases as malignant neoplasms of various degree of malignancy. Mean age of the patients was 58.9 years. A positive reaction to vimentin was found in 37 cases, a negative reaction concerned an esophageal tumor, two benign tumors (gastric and small intestinal) and three malignant tumors (gastric and two small intestinal). A positive reaction to desmin was detected in an esophageal tumor and in nine gastric tumors. Only one benign small intestinal tumor and three benign colonic tumors showed a positive reaction to desmin. Protein S-100 was found in an esophageal tumor and in 7 out of 18 gastric tumors and in 12 out of 24 intestinal tumors. Coexpression of vimentin and desmin was found in 8 gastric tumors, only in one small intestinal tumor and in three colonic tumors. Three gastric tumors showing both these reactions were all benign. Coexpression of desmin and protein S-100 was found in 7 out of 43 tumors of the alimentary tract. In six cases these tumors were benign. Basing on the results we may say that the presence of these antigens reflects the degree of differentiation of gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, though it does not allow to choose unequivocally conclusions as to their histogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Anatomical correction of transposition of great vessels. Considerations on the first 50 patients operated on and analysis of the surgical choice].

After having adopted the arterial switch operation as an alternative to the Mustard operation we decided to review our results with this protocol in order to evaluate the validity of our choice. From June 1984 to Oct. 1989 a total of 50 patients underwent an arterial switch operation in our department: 36 (72%) with simple transposition of the great arteries and an essentially intact ventricular septum; 9 (18%) with transposition of the great arteries and ventricular septal defect and 5 (10%) with the Taussing-Bing anomaly. In the group with simple transposition, the age ranged between 3 and 24 days (mean 8.7 +/- 4.3 S.D.) and the weight was between 2.4 and 4.9 kg (mean: 3.46 +/- 0.42 S.D.). In the group with transposition of the great arteries and ventricular septal defect the age ranged between 7 and 690 days (mean: 194 +/- 206 S.) and the weight was between 3.1 and 9.7 kg (mean 6 +/- 2.34 S.D.). In the group with Taussig-Bing anomaly the age ranged between 9 and 216 days (means: 132 +/- 75 S.D.) and the weight was between 3.2 and 5.1 kg (mean: 4.1 +/- 0.75 S.D.). A balloon atrial septostomy was performed in 43 (86%) patients. The Lecompte manoeuvre was adopted in 49 (98%) patients. The total early mortality was 10% (5/50). In the 36 neonates with simple transposition of the great arteries, 4 (11.1%) died. Among the 14 patients with transposition of the great arteries and ventricular septal defect and Taussig-Bing anomaly there was 1 (7.1%) death. There was also 1 (2.2%) late death.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

[Loading of polystyrene solid phases with microbial agents and their polysaccharide antigens for the screening of monoclonal antibodies].

Before screening monoclonal antibodies using enzyme immuno assays, it is necessary to prove that the coating of the solid phases occurs efficiently. The adhesion of whole cells of group B streptococci, Escherichia coli K1, Haemophilus influenzae type b and Candida albicans as well as B-Streptococcus group antigen, H. influenzae type b capsular antigen, and C. albicans cell wall antigen to polystyrene solid phases was studied and detected by the following methods: Peroxidase competition procedure, scintillation measurement of 32phosphate-labelled germs, and reactions with monoclonal antibodies.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Coexpression of vimentin and desmin in gastric leiomyomas. An immunohistochemical study in paraffin sections.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of the reactions for vimentin and desmin in gastric leiomyomas routinely processed in formalin and embedded i paraffin. The material studied included four benign leiomyomas, seven malignant leiomyomas and three malignant epithelioid leiomyomas. A positive reaction to vimentin was found in 13 out 14 leiomyomas under study. The number of neoplastic cells showing vimentin expression was larger in malignant, especially epithelioid leiomyomas than in non-malignant leiomyomas. A positive reaction for desmin in neoplastic cells was found in 9 leiomyomas 64%. One non-malignant leiomyoma showed a moderate reaction. In the remaining eight cases the reaction was weak and occurred in single neoplastic cells. Coexpression of vimentin and desmin in neoplastic cells occurred in 8 out of 9 leiomyomas with a positive reaction for desmin. Coexpression of vimentin and desmin occurred also in the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels in all 14 cases. A weak reaction for desmin or its lack in the tumour cells of leiomyomas with its marked expression in the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels and gastric wall outside the tumor points rather to a small number of desmin filaments in the neoplastic cells than to their destruction by fixation in formalin. The occurrence of the reaction to desmin only in a limited number of neoplastic cells questions the reliability of its use in the oligopiopsy material.

Desmin↗
PubMed1989

[Pathogenesis and histologic diagnosis of carcinoid tumor of the stomach].

Gastric carcinoids are reviewed in respect of epidemiology, histogenesis, localization, hormonal aspects and malignancy. Coexistence of gastric carcinoids and gastric carcinomas is also discussed as well as optimalization of histologic histochemical and ultrastructural diagnosis of gastric carcinoids.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1985

Free and reverse smooth muscle plasty in rats and goats.

Free autologous smooth muscle transplants were performed in 59 Wistar rats from 70 to 90 days old. The free smooth-muscle transplants were prestretched by 0 percent, 100 percent, 120 percent, 150 percent, and 200 percent under resting conditions, and the animals were sacrificed on postoperative days five, 10, 20, 40, and 60, respectively. Five animals died postoperatively. Three of them died with ileus and stenosis after 150 percent prestretching of the transplant. Complications occurred in 11 other animals, and involved ileus in nine due to stenosis or increasing defecation difficulty resulting from post-150-percent-transplant-prestretching-obstruction phenomena. No relaxation reflex was observed manometrically in any of the transplants. Histology confirmed that smooth-muscle necrosis and connective-tissue multiplication increase with increasing prestretching of the transplant. With prestretching of 150 percent or more, the transplant underwent complete fibrosis. Subsequently anorectal smooth-muscle pedunculated flaps (tunnel grafts) were performed on 20 goats of Syrian and German pedigree. Manometric, histologic, and histochemical results were much better in smooth-muscle transplantation of this nature. Even in these animals, however, increased fibrosis and disintegration of the transplant was shown histologically in all animals with more than 150 percent graft prestretch. After 200 percent prestretch, additional myenteric plexus disintegration was observed and no relaxation could be achieved. Based on these clinical, manometric, and histologic results, smooth-muscle transposition (tunnel graft) can be recommended to improve continence in infants as a non-time-consuming modification of the well-established Rehbein-Romualdi-Kiesewetter pull-through procedure in the high imperforate anus. However, prestretching of the transplanted pedicle flap should not exceed 120 to 140 percent.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1984

[Animal experimental studies on the free transplantation of smooth colon muscles as an artificial sphincter in the rat].

Free autologous muscle transplants were performed on 59 Wistar rats of 70 to 90 days of age according to the method described by Schmidt (1978). The free smooth muscular transplant was prestretched by 0%, 100%, 120%, 150% and 200% and the animals were sacrificed on the 5th, 10th, 20th, 40th and 60th postoperative day, respectively. Five animals died postoperatively, of these three during ileus and stenosis after more than 150% prestretching of the transplant. Complications occurred in eleven further animals, which included again ileus phenomena nine times due to stenosing or disturbance of defecation, also as a result of obstruction phenomena. Complications always occurred in animals with more than 150% transplant prestretching. No relaxation reflex was observed manometrically in any of the transplants. Budding of nerve fibres also did not occur in any of the cases, neither from the plexus myentericus of the inner intestinal wall nor from outside. Histology revealed already after five days' survival leucocytous infiltration and connective tissue multiplication which increased with increasing prestretching of the transplant and longer survival time of the animals until complete metaplasia of the connective tissue. In preparations with 100 up to 120% prestretch not more than 20% of the original muscular mass was preserved. With prestretching of 150% and more the transplant underwent complete fibrosis. On the basis of these studies we must discourage performance of free transplants of smooth-muscle colon segments in newborn and young infants.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1980

The calcareous peritendinitis of the long peroneal tendon.

The calcareous peritendinitis of the long peroneal tendon is an occupational disease. It results from one sided overstraining with consecutive micro-or macroruptures in the tendon, lokalised degeneration, and deposition of calcium salts. The disease can be asymptomatic or produce only slight pain. In other cases with acute injury the calcified deposits cause acute discomfort. Three cases with varying course are reported and differential diagnosis and therapy are discussed.

Adult↗