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Biomedical subjects

A Urbanik

Publications and source records attributed to A Urbanik.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Video-roentgen cinematographic evaluation of pharyngeal phase disorders during swallowing in patients after partial laryngectomy due to localized supraglottic cancer].

Videorentgenocinematographic examinations of swallowing were conducted on 81 patients after partial laryngectomy and on 35 subjects being a control group. Resection of piriform recess, a part of base of the tongue, the hyoid bone or its part is the factor that causes intensified difficulty during swallowing and increase in the frequency of the occurrence of aspiration. The results of videorentgenocinematographic examinations indicate that the shape and mobility of the tongue and the mobility of remaining after the surgery parts of the larynx have the greatest influence on the efficient swallowing in patients who have undergone partial laryngectomy due to cancer initially located in the supraglottic area. The larynx mobility is closely related to the remaining of the hyoid bone. The importance of remaining the possibly non-deformed structure and mobility of the tongue during partial laryngectomy involves the issue of reconstruction of defects occurred during the surgery. Videorentgenocinematographic examinations confirm the effectiveness of the method involving reconstruction of defects in a part of the base of the tongue with a vascular pedicle flap of the submandibular gland.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[Severe carbon monoxide poisoning: different clinical course--the same source of exposure].

The different course of acute carbon monoxide poisoning in two young people exposed to the same Carbon monoxide source are reported in the study. The pulmonary edema was diagnosed in the man, but not in the woman. The brain morphological changes revealed by MRI were significantly marked in the women compared to the intoxicated man. MRI detected the brain changes invisible in CT scans and seems be more useful for evaluation CNS abnormalities. The neuropsychological examination, of the brain functional changes is also necessary for proper evaluation of the CNS damage.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[The efficacy of non-pharmacological intervention in obese patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus type II].

In Poland like in other countries we observe an increasing number of diabetes mellitus cases with about half of the patients in whom the disease remains undiagnosed. Therefore it seems necessary to improve early diagnoses and prevention of the disease. The aim of the study was to assess the efficiency of a 3-month non-pharmacological intervention based on diet and increased physical activity in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes type 2 (diagnosis based on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), WHO 1999). We investigated 37 newly diagnosed diabetic type 2 patients, 16 men (aged 52.4 +/- 5.4) and 21 women (aged 51.0 +/- 5.7). Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were performed before and after intervention. Two-kilometres Walking Test with an intermediate estimation of VO2max and fitness index (FI) was performed before and after intervention. Total abdominal fat volume (measured from diaphragm to pubis): visceral fat volume (VFV) and subcutaneous fat volume (SFV) (mm3) were assessed according to the standard protocol of NMR abdominal examination. Patients completed 12 weeks of supervised intervention focused on weight reduction, increase of physical activity, changes of nutritional habits. Students t-test, Mann-Whitney test and Spearman's correlation were used for statistical analysis. In women the average weight reduction was 4.7 kg (5.8% of initial body weight), whereas in men 5.9 kg (5.9% of initial body weight). In women VO2 max increased from 23.7 +/- 6.4 to 24.9 +/- 4.8 (ns), and fitness index increased from 78.7 +/- 11.7 to 83 +/- 14.7 (ns). In men VO2 max increased from 22.5 +/- 6.7 to 26.6 +/- 8.6 (ns) and fitness index increased from 55.1 +/- 12.5 to 64.8 +/- 13.7 (p < 0.05). In women the level of fasting glycaemia decreased from 6.47 +/- 1.2 to 4.84 mmol/l +/- 0.6 (p < 0.01) and the level of glycaemia at 120 minutes of OGTT decreased from 13.2 +/- 2.5 to 6.76 +/- 2.7 mmol/l (p < 0.01). The decrease of plasma glucose was accompanied by the decrease of fasting insulin from 19.2 +/- 15.5 to 8.53 +/- 93.2 uj/ml (p < 0.01) and in 120 minutes of OGTT from 148.8 +/- 86.2 to 58.4 +/- 41.0 uj/ml (p < 0.01). In men the level of fasting glycaemia decreased from 8.63 +/- 2.0 to 7.07 mmol/l +/- 2.4 (p < 0.05) and the level of glycaemia at 120 minutes of OGTT decreased from 15.76 +/- 3.2 do 9.3 +/- 5.7 mmol/l (p < 0.01). The decrease of plasma glucose was accompanied by the decrease of fasting insulin from 21.99 +/- 12.6 to 10.1 (3.8 uj/ml (p < 0.05) and at 120 minutes of DGTT from 81.5 +/- 52.7 do 41.6 +/- 21.0 uj/ml (p < 0.05). After the intervention 45% of the patients (57% of women and 31% of men) were non-diabetic (correct OGTT). In men visceral fat volume (VFV) was greater than in women (7642.6 +/- 1774.6 and 4789.9 +/- 1242.0 mm3 respectively (p < 0.01). Subcutaneous fat volume (SFV) was smaller in men than in women (7116.5 +/- 2048.5), in men and 10533.9 +/- 3478.3 respectively (p < 0.01). In women and men a strong (p < 0.01) correlation between waist circumference and visceral fat volume (VFV) (r = 0.573 (p < 0.01) and r = 0.833 (p < 0.01) respectively) and subcutaneous fat volume (SFV) (r = 0.900 (p < 0.01) and r = 0.790 (p < 0.01) respectively) was found. The results of the study confirm that in newly diagnosed diabetic type 2 patients body weight reduction and increased physical activity result in the improvement of biochemical indices. In about one half of patients the early phase of the disease might be reversible due to weight reduction and increased physical activity. The non-pharmacological intervention should be the first intervention undertaken in newly diagnosed diabetic type 2 patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Comparison of the clinical usefulness of magnetic resonance (MR), computer tomography )CT) and radiculography (R) in diagnosing lumbar discopathy].

The aim of the study was an assessment of the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and radiculography (R) in the diagnosis of lumbar discopathy. The accuracy of MRI, CT, and R for the diagnosis of lumbar herniated nucleus pulposus ws compared prospectively in 120 patients, undergoing surgical exploration. MRI was the most accurate test (100%) compared with CT (95%) and R (92.5%). The false positive rate was lowest for MRI (0%), followed by CT (5%) and R (7.5%). MRI proves very favorable compared with other currently available imaging modalities for diagnosis of lumbar herniated nucleus pulposus which allows to differentiate hernia and protrusion. MRI is noninvasive, has no known side effects and no radiation exposure. It is the procedure of choice for the radio-diagnosis of lumbar disc herniations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Videorentgenocinematographic analysis of pharyngeal phase in the act of swallowing].

The course of the pharyngeal phase was analysed in physiological conditions. The mobility of anatomical structures taking part in the phase was evaluated, taking into consideration the time sequence in which the elements of the phase followed. To objectify the evaluation of the analysed phenomena, authors of this paper proposed and used linear and time parameters also used by other authors involved with these issues.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Optimizing computed tomography diagnosis in retrobulbar orbit tumors].

CT is still one of the most commonly applied diagnostic procedure in cases of suspected neoplastic lesions in the retrobulbar region. Orbit tumors are rare, however due to their localisation close to the organ of sight, they make a serious clinical problem. The authors analysed retrospectively 127 tumors (interview, ophthalmological examination, CT, surgical procedure, histopathologic findings) with the aim of improving CT diagnostics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Computed tomography images of selected retrobulbar orbit tumors].

Accurate evaluation of the retrobulbar orbit tumors and obtaining similar radiologic and histopathologic diagnosis are the most important for the therapeutic management. The authors analysed a group of 124 patients undergoing orbital CT exams and subsequently surgical procedure. They differentiated and described typical CT images of cavernous angioma, malignant lymphoma, optic glioma and dermoid cyst of orbit in correlation with the clinical data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Suicidal self poisoning with disulfiram in a 15-year old boy with resulting encephalopathy].

Acute intentional overdoses of disulfiram (app. 30 g) is reported in 15-years-old boy. The neurological disturbances as nystagmus, coma, seizures and than impairment of memory and perception were dominated in the clinical picture. During MRI examination the areas of different signal from corpus callosum were detected which can be referred to focus of demyelinisation. The patient recovered and was discharged from the hospital after 30 days. Neuropsychological examinations have suggested dysfunction of CNS. The control MRI examination 90 days later, did not reveal any pathological changes in the brain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Adaptation of computed tomography and roentgenography to bone density measurements].

The increasing interest in issues connected with osteoporosis has recently caused the development of many new diagnostic methods which allow the measurement of bone density. The DEXA method, performed by specialised densitometers, is one of the most developed and reliable methods. However, the high cost od densitometers and DEXA investigation prevent this method from becoming easily accessible for everyday diagnosis. The adaptation of computerised tomography and rentgenography to densitometric measurements could be one of the methods by which the problem of densitometric diagnosis accessibility could be solved. Both methods are usually applied in the imaging of human tissues, working on the basis of differences in tissue X-ray absorption. X-ray absorption and density are related by linear function in the energy range used in rentgenography and tomography; therefore, quantitative information concerning density should be easily received. The procedure adapting computerised tomography and rentgenography to quantitative measurements of bone density in the lumbar spine is outlined in this work. The quantitative information is obtained from digitalised tomographic and rentgenographic images through use of a personal computer. Both methods were tested using a set of phantoms imitating the lumbar spine and the surrounding tissues. The precision and accuracy of both methods were assessed and compared to the precision and accuracy of the DEXA method. The outlined results confirm the usefulness of the described method in diagnosis.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1999

[Imaging of kidney fibro-lipomatosis].

The purpose of this study is to promote a deeper understanding of problems connected with the issue of fibrolipomatosis among a large number of physicians. This pathology is of a great importance in the diagnostic process, both due to its high incidence rate, and to the fact that in some cases it imitates diseases that require surgical intervention. Kidney fibrolipomatosis is well-known to radiologists, but other specialists' knowledge of this pathology is rather limited. The prevalence of abdominal cavity US examinations, performed by various specialists, makes it necessary to draw physicians' attention to this disease.

Diagnostic Imaging↗
PubMed1999

[Radiologic changes in hip joints of patients with hemophilia].

Historical overview and contemporary understanding of hemophilia and hemophilic arthropaty is presented. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head occurs in 7% of hemophilic patients. Clinical description and hip radiographs of 6 patients were presented and discussed according to Nuss modification of Arnold-Hilgartner classification.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Fabry's disease--late diagnosis in men with chronic nephropathy and skin changes].

We report a case of Fabry's disease, diagnosed in a 39-year-old patient treated for 4 years because of glomerulonephritis. The disease manifested itself by the presence of typical petechiae-like skin lesions in the bathing trunk area (angiokeratoma), eye changes, paresthesia, and--in additional investigations--mild proteinuria, lowered creatinine clearance, along with changes in the central nervous system. A biopsy of the kidney revealed the presence of foamy cells in all glomeruli, and in electron microscopy multilamellar bodies (zebra bodies). The diagnose of the disease was confirmed by a marked decrease in leucocyte alpha-galactosidase activity. An early diagnosis of non-inflammatory character of Fabry's disease allows to avoid an unnecessary immunosuppressive treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Neurologic sequelae in severe carbon monoxide poisoning--case report].

The symptoms and clinical course of severe acute poisoning with carbon monoxide in 22-years-old man is described. To evaluate neurological sequelae, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) repeatedly was performed. In initial examination, at week 7 after intoxication, MRI showed bilateral abnormalities of the amygdaloid nucleus, caudate nucleus and in globus pallidus at right. Haemorrhagic lesion of internal capsule was shown 10 days later. In the next examinations regression in basal ganglia was observed, but slight atrophy of brain was stated. Neuropsychological examinations performed simultaneously, allowed to evaluate the dynamics of central nervous system disfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Congenital defects of the spinal cord and canal in neuroimaging].

Authors present the clinical classification of spinal dysraphisms and discuss all imaging modalities useful in the diagnosis: conventional X-rays, myelography, computed tomography, myelo-CT and magnetic resonance imaging. They precise the place of ultrasound in the prenatal and postnatal imaging of spinal dysraphisms.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Progress in the CT evaluation of the cerebral atrophy in acute poisoning with carbon monoxide.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of occurrence and intensification of the cerebral atrophy changes taking into consideration the age of the examined, in the course of acute poisoning with carbon monoxide. A modified Messe's method was used to evaluate brain atrophy. 111 patients intoxicated with carbon monoxide were examined using CT of brain. In 75% of them cerebral atrophy was stated. To evaluate a dynamics of changes a control CT examination was performed in 72 patients after a year.

Acute Disease↗