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Biomedical subjects

A V Akleyev

Publications and source records attributed to A V Akleyev.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Developing additional resources.

We briefly outline existing information about several cohorts in the Southern Urals, Semipalatinsk and the Altai regions, in addition to those discussed in the companion papers in this issue of Radiation and Environmental Biophysics. These include: (a) the East-Urals Radiation Trace (EURT) cohort of individuals (exposed to fallout from the September 1957 explosion of a storage tank containing liquid radioactive waste from the Mayak Production Association) as well as their offspring, (b) the cohort of exposed parents (i.e. workers of the Mayak facility) and their children, having been established with the aim of examining reproductive health, and (c) several additional cohorts in the Altai region and in Semipalatinsk, where investment of additional resources would greatly facilitate the progress of ongoing studies. Furthermore, we include a brief description of the Russian Human Radiobiology Tissue Repository, which has been established in the city of Ozyorsk and is in the process of making an inventory of autopsied tissues from 700 deceased Mayak workers and of collecting and storing donations of blood and tumor tissues from the members of the Mayak workers cohort currently residing in the city.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed2000

Radioecological impacts of the Techa River contamination.

During the years 1949-1952, the Mayak Production Association (MAYAK), which was processing weapons-grade plutonium, was discharging radioactive wastes into the Techa River. As a result, all components of the river system (water, bottom soils, and flood plains) were exposed to massive radioactive contamination. The protective measures taken in the 1950's resulted in the improvement of the radioecological conditions in the Techa River. After 1952, the radioecological conditions in the area were mostly determined by the long-lived radionuclides 9OSr and 137Cs. This article focuses on the dependencies governing the migration of radionuclides along the vertical and horizontal planes in different components of the river system over a 40-y period. Until the 1990's, a decrease in 90Sr and 137Cs contents was noted in environmental samples and foodstuffs produced in riverside villages. In the subsequent years, the radioecological situation on the Techa stabilized. The sources of the current contamination of the river are represented by the runoffs from by-pass canals and swampy upper reaches.

Cesium Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1999

Project RATEMA--one year's experience.

The RATEMA project is an international cooperation between the University of Ulm in Germany and the Urals Research Centre for Radiation Medicine in Chelyabinsk, Russia. For one year we conducted weekly conferences between the two sites, based on a satellite link with a 384 kbit/s connection. During the videoconferences the physicians on both sides--experts in radiation medicine--discussed the health status of Russian patients who had been chronically exposed to ionizing radiation in the South Urals region. The German partners presented patients with comparable haematological and oncological diseases. The project has shown the advantages and difficulties of working in an international and interdisciplinary environment. The experience gained has been very valuable for planning new projects with similar tasks. The results and the contents of the RATEMA database are the basis for education and research for physicians involved in the management of radiation victims.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed1995

Health effects of radiation incidents in the southern Urals.

This article discusses the most important information on health effects in the Urals region (Russia) of residents exposed to radiation from activities of a weapon plutonium separation plant. The population residing on the contaminated territory was exposed to chronic combined irradiation (external gamma-irradiation and internal irradiation due to Sr-90 and Cs-137). The red bone marrow (RBM) was the critical organ affected as a result of radiation events in the Urals. In the early period, after the discharges of radioactive wastes into the river Techa (about 3 M Ci) started, cases of chronic radiation sickness (CRS; 940 cases, in total), postirradiation reactions manifested by changes in blood parameters (e.g., leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia), nervous system disorders, immunity changes and ostealgic syndrome were registered in a portion of those riverside village residents who had received the highest doses. Increased leukemia and cancer mortality and morbidity rates were noted among this population in later periods. No late effects were observed in residents exposed to an explosion in a radioactive waste depot in September, 1957 when radioactive wastes with about 20 M Ci of activity were released into the environment. Similarly, the offspring of the residents exposed on the Techa also did not display any late effects. The data about the possibilities of long-term (43-45 years after the start of exposure) biological indication of chronic internal exposure are presented. The methods used in the study include in situ fluorescent hybridization, analysis of mutations in the TCR gene of peripheral blood lymphocytes and erythrocyte mutations in the glycophorine A system. No dependence of genomic translocations and mutations in glycophorine A on cumulative exposure dose to RBM was traced.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Environmental and medical effects of nuclear weapon production in the southern Urals.

As a result of the activities of the 'Mayak' facility producing weapon's grade plutonium, large territories of the Urals Region (Russia) were exposed to radioactive contamination and the population residing in these territories was exposed to elevated radiation levels. Due to three radiation incidents and normal operation of the plant, significant radiation doses were received in a number of cases by the residents of the communities located in the close vicinity of the facility, along with its workers. Cases of chronic radiation sickness were registered within the early period of exposure and in the later years increased morbidity and mortality from leukosis and malignant neoplasms were noted. Problems of irradiation dose reconstruction, and the health status in the offspring of the exposed population are discussed.

Accidents↗