Alterations in phospholipid and fatty acid composition were studied in homogenates, mitochondrial, microsomal and nuclear fractions during intensification of lipid peroxidation under conditions of liver tissue ischemia. Increase in content of lipid hydroperoxides and decrease in content of arachidonic acid were observed in lipids of all the membranes studied. Content of individual phospholipids altered depending on their susceptibility to peroxidation. In ischemia content of total lipids and phospholipids was decreased. The data obtained suggest the important role of peroxidation in impairment of membrane lipids under conditions of ischemia.

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[Role of phospholipids in DNA synthesis in mammalian cells].

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[The role of sphingomyelin cycle products in development of apoptosis mediated by Fas receptors and tumor necrosis factor alpha].

Programmed cell death or apoptosis is a cell suicide developing according to a specific program, in which the sphingomyelin cycle products, ceramide and sphingosine, play the central role. The present review provides published data and the authors' results suggesting that the content of ceramide and sphingosine in the cell is controlled by the tumor necrosis factor alpha and activators of Fas receptor. The results of many experiments confirmed that the sphingomyelin cycle products induce cells death by the apoptotic pathway and enhance induced apoptosis. Ceramide and sphingosine regulate the activity of enzymes involved in transduction of apoptosis signal (protein kinases. Phosphatases, and proteases) and act as second messengers in transduction of the apoptosis signal.

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