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Biomedical subjects

A V El'skaia

Publications and source records attributed to A V El'skaia.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Microbial sensors: achievements, problems, prospects].

The review summarizes the literature data on the design of laboratory and commercial types of biosensors based on living cells of microorganisms. The following aspects are discussed: microbiological, biochemical and physical fundamentals of microbial sensors; operation modes and fields of application of cell-based biosensors; immobilization technique for biological recognition systems; benefits and problems in this field of biotechnology.

Biosensing Techniques↗
PubMed1992

[Structure-functional properties of eukaryotic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase].

Data on structural and functional peculiarities of eukaryotic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (structure, supermolecular organization, and localization in eukaryotic cell) are reviewed. The functional significance of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase association with high molecular weight complexes and other cellular components is discussed.

Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases↗
PubMed1983

[Isolation and characterization of individual tRNA Leu 1,2,and 4 from the bovine udder].

tRNA-Leu 1, tRNA-Leu 2 and tRNA-Leu 4 were isolated from a lactating cow mammary gland by combination of several chromatographic methods. Chromatography on a Sepharose 4B column with a reverse salt gradient was used as the first step. Individual tRNAsLeu were further purified by RPC-5 column chromatography at pH 4.5 and 7.5. For isolation of tRNA-Leu 2 a RPC-5 column was additionally used at pH 3.3 in the presence of 7 M urea. Using micro-column chromatography of Ti-RNAases digests, it was demonstrated that tRNA-Leu 1 and tRNA-Leu 2+ are similar in their primary structure and differ essentially from tRNA-Leu 4.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Functional compartmentation of the translation apparatus and channeling of tRNA/aminoacyl-tRNA in cells of higher eukaryotes].

Literature data and authors' results in the field of structure-function organization of the translation apparatus in higher eukaryotes are considered. Proof is presented of the channeling of tRNA/aminoacyl-tRNA in the course of eukaryotic protein synthesis. The concept of the shuttle role of elongation factor eEF1A is grounded; the factor, being in a GTP-bound form, delivers aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome and then, in the GDP form after hydrolysis of GTP on the ribosome, forms a complex with the deacylated tRNA and delivers it to the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. The notion of translational compartment is defined.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cellular microbiosensors for methanol and ethanol determination on the basis of pH-sensitive field transistors].

Cellular sensors for methanol and ethanol determination were developed using immobilized mutant cells of methylotrophic yeasts Hansenula polymorpha and Pichia pinus (able to extrude protons in the presence of alcohol) and pH-sensitive field effect transistors (pH-SFETs). The intact cells of yeasts were immobilized in Ca-alginate gel to obtain a biomembrane. The minimal detectable response was obtained to approximately 0.5 mM of methanol and ethanol, a linear dependence of biosensor's response on the logarithmic alcohol concentration was observed in the range from 5 to 100 mM for both types of alcohol. The prospects for application of biosensors to determine alcohols in the analytical practice are discussed.

Biosensing Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Factor-free translation of poly(dT) by 80S ribosomes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae].

The conditions for preparation of 80S ribosomes from S. cerevisiae are suggested. The ribosomes can bind Phe-tRNAPhe in poly(U)-or poly(dT)-directed manner and are shown to be able to translate poly(dT) in the absence of elongation factor and GTP. Effects of different antibiotics on the factor-free translation have been studied.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Various characteristics of protein-synthesizing apparatus of the myocardium during total ischemia].

A decrease in the rate of protein synthesis as well as an increase in the synthesis time of "medium-size" polypeptide chain were detected in total rabbit myocardium ischemia, which were evaluated using rabbit myocardium cell-free protein-synthesizing systems. The decrease in the synthesis rate of total myocardial proteins was shown to depend on the state of ribosomes function. Redistribution in the pools of membrane-bound and free ribosomes as well as a decrease of polyribosomes amount in total pool of myocardial ribosomes were observed under conditions of total myocardial ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Modulation of the selective translation of mRNA in cell-free system exposed to tRNA].

The homo- and heterologous tRNA were studied for their influence on the synthesis rate of globin and ovalbumin under simultaneous translation of their mRNAs in the tRNA-dependent cell-free system from wheat germ. In the presence of the fixed concentrations of one of the mRNAs the different amounts of the other mRNA (from 6 up to saturation of the system) were added to the samples. The ratio of the synthesis rate of the translation products after their electrophoretic characterization is determined on the basis of the autoradiogram scanning. The competition among mRNAs in question for some components of translation apparatus has been found: globin mRNA has a higher competitiveness than mRNA for ovalbumin. Modulation of the simultaneous translation of these mRNAs has been shown to depend on the nature of tRNA. The presence of homologous tRNA in the system increases a competitiveness of the corresponding mRNA, but heterologous tRNA reduces it. This regularity is retained in a wide range of the concentration ratios for the both mRNAs.

Animals↗