Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A V Fedorov.
The paper gives evidence for the fact that serotonin and serotonin receptors are responsible for the occurrence of primary contractions of smooth muscles, primary cardiac contractions and primary brain electric activity (EEG genesis). It is concluded that the function of the smooth muscle, brain and heart cannot take place without serotonin and its receptors. This suggests that the serotonin receptors are life ones.
The paper outlines the previously unknown smooth muscle insufficiency in terms of its etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. It has been shown that drug administration leads to smooth muscle insufficiency which is eliminated by serotonin both in vitro and in vivo. The clinical manifestations of smooth muscle (SM) insufficiency are eliminated by serotonin, irrespective of whether it has been caused by the use of drugs or impaired smooth muscle innervation. The mechanism of vascular rhythmic oscillations in the microcirculatory bed, the so-called endogenous vasomotility (EV) has been decoded. The mechanism of EV regulation is due to the fact that platelets constantly (continuously) adsorb serotonin from the enterochromaffin cells of the gastrointestinal tract and constantly (continuously) release it into the microcirculatory bed, thereby providing the continuum of entry of the stimulant to the SM fibers which are able to contract at this time. The summation of these contractions of smooth muscle contractions in the microcirculatory bed maintains their vascular tone and yields the pattern of EV. The paper also describes the earlier unknown properties of hemoglobin and myoglobin to cause smooth muscle spasm and to accelerate platelet destruction. A correlation between the EV and vascular platelet hemostasis is described in terms of these properties. The continuous mechanism of EV is impaired and it transforms to intermittent (final) vascular platelet hemostasis.
Probable cooling of hands must be taken into account in setting up the prophylaxis of pathology due to the local vibration. Warm air pumped into the manual pneumatic devices can eliminate the cooling of operators' hands. The same effect is gained by the physiotherapeutic procedure--the warming and micromassage of hands by the dry air.
Six cases of gallstone obstruction of the small intestine are discussed. They were of interest because the operations were carried out by the same team of surgeons which made it possible to perfect the operative techniques. After intubation of the small intestine and aspiration of its contents, the stone was moved proximally for a distance of 40-50 cm. Enterotomy was conducted above the concrement. The intestine was cut for no more than 2 cm. The concrement was removed by exerting pressure on its lower pole. Although the size of the stone doubled versus the intestinal incision, the latter did not rupture in any of the cases and acquired the initial size. As a result, the intestinal suture was small, accurate, and did not distort the intestinal lumen. The nasointestinal catheter for postoperative decompression of the intestine was advanced to the ileocecal angle. Gallstone intestinal obstruction is characterized by an atypical (obscure) clinical picture which causes diagnostic difficulties and leads to delayed operative treatment. The obstruction is partial, the concrement moves continuously along the intestine, and the level of the obstruction is determined by the duration of the disease.
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The article deals with complex influences of local vibration, noise and physical overload in ACHR-330 tea-plucking machine operators. 3 sets of experiments included measurements of the vibration and noise levels caused by the machine, and involved 5 volunteers twice in each set of the experiments. The physiological study results confirmed the fact that the occupational conditions caused considerable shifts in vibration sensitivity and markedly influenced the peripheral vessels. Through a set of regression equations it was proved that local vibration and noise were mostly responsible for the functional shifts.
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Complex study of the frequency and intensity of the duodenogastric reflux in 468 patients with peptic ulcer is analysed; 372 had duodenal ulcer and 96 had gastric ulcer. The authors give the characteristics of the diagnostic possibilities of X-ray, endoscopic, ionomanometric, and aspiration (radionuclide and biochemical) methods of examination of duodenal regurgitation. They proved the relation of the frequency and intensity of the duodenal regurgitation to the type of the ulcer and the phase of its course (exacerbation or remission), the condition of the pyloric closure function, and disorders of duodenal motor activity. The sequelae of long-term duodenogastric reflux are analysed; it is shown that patients must be examined in the preoperative period in the phase of remission so as to gain the true values of intensity of the reflux for its subsequent correction.
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Among 190 patients suffering from chronic duodenal obstruction (CDO) the authors identified 66 patients whose somatic disturbances were manifestations of mental disease, usually depression. They formed a section "primary functional forms of CDO" in the classification scheme. Additionally some of these cases were complicated by nonspecific lymphadenitis and entered a group of mechanical forms of CDO. The use of psychotropic drugs in both cases considerably improved the prognosis of the disease. Sensthopathic feelings in the abdomen in such cases were attributable to vegetative motor disorders of the upper portions of the gastrointestinal tract ascertained by instrumental examination.
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