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A V Kaluev

Publications and source records attributed to A V Kaluev.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[The neuromediator mechanisms of the action of korazol].

Present paper analyses the known neurotropic effects of GABA-lytic agent corazole (pentylentetrazole), including both "traditional" anxiogenic convulsant properties at systemic doses > 10 mg/kg and reported recently its anxiolytic effects in doses < 2 mg/kg. Understanding the relations between anxiogenic and convulsant properties of a drug, we studied possible effects of pre-treatment by "anxiolytic" dose of corazole (1 mg/kg i.p.) on corazole-induced convulsions at systemic dose of 90 mg/kg in mice. Despite the expectations, small dose of corazole (1 mg/kg) did not reduce convulsions but rather increased them. This result challenges the hypothesis of possible GABA-ergic mechanisms of "positive" effects of corazole in small doses. The potentiation effects were particularly marked for Straube symptom. The symptom is believed to reflect the excitation of inhibitory spinal motoneurons responsible for tail muscles tonus. Perhaps, corazole at a systemic dose of 1 mg/kg can influence separately on the GABA-receptors located in spinal motoneurons or cells of origin of supruspinal pathways. Other possible neuromediator (including glycine-, glytamat-, opioid-, choline- and monoaminergic) mechanisms for corazole action are discussed to illustrate the mosaic of its neurotropic properties.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of behavioral hyperactivation in the formation of anxiety in rodents].

Rodents are a useful tool for studying various stress behaviours, including anxious. Physiological arousal is traditionally thought to accompany anxiety in human and animals. The paper reviews behavioural and pharmacological data on effects of anxiety observed in rodents at different arousal levels. The results indicate that mild arousal might have "paradox" anti-anxiety effects on rodent behaviour while higher arousal level is a pro-anxiety factor. The concept of "pleasurable emotion" produced in rodents by mild arousal is supported.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Do active forms of oxygen interacting with DNA play a regulatory role in the cell?].

Paper analyses data on, and reviews mechanisms of, interactions between active oxygen radicals (AOR) and cellular DNA. Some workers suggest that AOR might have positive regulatory role in the cell influencing DNA because synthesis of some cellular proteins is being activated in the presence of AOR. The paper offers explanations to such effects through non-specific damage of proteins-repressors or the latter's active centers at DNA by AOR, suggesting that this is not a regulatory role. Author also assesses the existing cellular antioxidant systems and produces evidences that damaging AOR like hydroxyl, peroxide and superoxide-anions can not be treated as positive regulators of genome functioning. However, certain regulatory functions in the cell can be realized by "heavy" free radicals which appear in the cell as a result of AOR-induced oxidation processes. The paper suggests that this is due to complex macromolecular interactions between DNA and "heavy" free radicals rather than because of the latter" s AOR properties, nature and origin.

DNA↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[On the role of GABA in anxiety and depression].

Data on the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in pathogenesis of anxiety and depression are critically assessed. Clinical and experimental results indicative of an important role of GABA as the neurotransmitter involved in these mental states and their integration within a common pathogenic process are considered. The general neurochemical, pharmacological, and neurophysiological aspects of anxiety and depression are analyzed in the context of GABAergic system involvement in this process and the possibility of using GABAergic agents for the therapy of various related disorders.

Anxiety↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[New directions in GABAergic pharmacology of anxiety and depression].

New prospects in the use of drugs affecting central GABAergic system for the treatment of anxiety and depressive states are critically assessed. Both clinical (human) and experimental (animal) data on the mutual influence of various GABA-receptor modulators as well as the interaction of GABAergic system with neurohumoral mechanisms of stress are considered. Based on this analysis, new strategies in the GABAergic pharmacotherapy of anxiety and depression spectrum disorders are outlined.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[New problems in GABAergic pharmacology of anxiety].

The classical idea of the role of the CNS stimulating and inhibiting mechanisms comes to recognition of the first-named as promnestic, anxiogenic and arousal-activating factors and the inhibiting mechanisms as anxiolytic, amnestic, and prosedative factors. Consequently, activation of the inhibiting GABA-ergic system should reduce anxiety and general motor activity and dim memory, whereas GABA-inhibitors should cause a contrary effect in relation to alarmed behavior. At the same time, data exist on the paradoxic anxiolytic effects of small doses of some GABA-inhibitors which it is difficult to explain in the framework of the traditional conception. The article discusses the complicated nonlinear interrelation of memory, anxiety, and arousal and attempts to explain the unexpected effects of small doses of GABA-inhibitors in relation to anxiety from the standpoint of superimposing mechanisms of memory, arousal, and anxiety. Some suggestions were also made on the possibility of applying such conclusions for pharmacological correction of anxiety states with small doses of GABA-inhibiting drugs.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Arousal and the psychopharmacology of anxiety in experimental models].

Locomotion is a behavioural marker of arousal in animals whereas exploration serves as a reliable criterion for anxiety level. Traditional views of central excitatory mechanisms consider them as pro-arousal and anxiogenic. Central inhibitory mechanisms are thought to be sedative and anxiolytic. However, data exist on paradoxical anti-anxiety effects of low doses of certain anxiolytics in a number of experimental models. Likewise, anxiolytics might exert paradoxical pro-arousal/anxiogenic profiles in animals. Both such data are difficult to interpret within traditional framework of arousal/anxiety concepts. The paper reviews data on complex non-linear interrelationships between anxiety and arousal and supports a theory of putative "anxiolytic" (comfort or pleasurable) emotions evoked by mild, but not high, arousal.

Animals↗