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Biomedical subjects

A V Nemtsov

Publications and source records attributed to A V Nemtsov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Alcohol-related human losses in Russia in the 1980s and 1990s.

AIMS: The estimation of alcohol-related human losses in Russia in the 1980s and 1990s. DESIGN: The estimation was made by comparing changes in the total number of deaths and in specific categories, and alcohol consumption in Russia during this time. SETTING: The anti-alcohol campaign, launched in 1985, and the market reforms launched in 1992 were associated with large and rapid changes of alcohol-consumption in Russia. FINDINGS: In the early 1980s, the aggregate number of direct and indirect alcohol-related life losses was more than 500,000 per annum, or 32% of total deaths. Half of the alcohol-related human losses in Russia over the period studied were due to accidents, poisoning and violence. Following the anti-alcohol campaign and reduction in annual per capita alcohol consumption from 14.2 (1984) to 10.5 l (1986), mortality decreased from 1161.6 to 1054.0 per 100,000 of the population. It is estimated that from 1986 to 1991 the lives of 1.22 million people were spared; that is, 11.4% of the number of deaths expected without the anti-alcohol campaign. All categories of deaths were reduced with the exception of neoplasms, infectious and parasitic diseases. In the period of the so-called market reforms both alcohol consumption and mortality increased sharply. The total number of alcohol-related deaths for 1994 was 751,000 in the population, or 33% of all deaths (direct and indirect losses). In 1995 alcohol consumption started to decrease. A decrease in mortality was registered despite the sharp deterioration of the quality of life in the country. However, a new growth of total mortality, fatal alcohol poisonings and number of alcohol psychoses began in 1999-2000. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show the enormous scale of alcohol-related mortality in Russia. It has been revealed that alcohol-related deaths are at the top of the hierarchy of all premature deaths in the country. Decreasing alcohol consumption is an important means of decreasing total mortality in Russia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Estimates of total alcohol consumption in Russia, 1980-1994.

It is important to estimate real alcohol consumption in Russia in the past 15 years because large quantities, and in recent years the bulk, of consumed alcohol evades state registration. In this study, trends in total consumption are estimated indirectly using an indicator of alcohol-related harm derived from forensic reports on accidental and violent deaths (Nemtsov, A.V., 1998. Anti-alcohol campaign, consequences, and actual alcohol consumption in Moscow, Addiction, in press). Using blood alcohol coefficients (BAC), the regression coefficients are estimated using the ratio of BAC-positive and BAC-negative accidental and violent deaths in 1983-1986 in connection with the Moscow anti-alcohol campaign; the coefficients are then used to estimate consumption as a total sum of legal sales of alcoholic beverages and illegal spirits made from sugar. Data were obtained of violent BAC-positive and BAC-negative deaths in 17-25 oblasts of Russia in 1981-1994. The derived estimates indicate that in 1984 consumption exceeded 14 l per capita, per annum (10.5 registered + 4.2 unregistered); that consumption fell to 10.8 1 in 1986 (during the anti-alcohol campaign), and that it then began to rise owing to a sharp increase in estimated unregistered alcohol consumption-climbing to 13.6 l (5.0 + 8.6) in 1993, and followed by a slight decline to 13.3 in 1994. These estimates are broadly consistent with estimates that have been made using unrelated methods, thus allowing some confidence in the overall picture obtained. Russia probably remains one of the heaviest-drinking countries in Europe. The reasons why indicators of alcohol-related harm in the mid-1990s exceed those recorded before the anti-alcohol campaign remain to be clarified.

Accidents↗
PubMed1999

[Seasonal incidence of alcoholic psychoses].

Analysis of the incidence of alcoholic psychoses in Moscow in 1982-1993 revealed a considerable increase of their number during the period from March till July-August and a decrease by October-November. It was found that such increase resulted from low-concentration atmospheric oxygen in spring-summer period. Hypoxia as a factor provoking alcoholic psychosis is responsible for 10-12% of the cases. The highest sensitivity to hypoxia occurred in the last days of the abuse.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed1998

Alcohol-related harm and alcohol consumption in Moscow before, during and after a major anti-alcohol campaign.

AIMS: To examine the rates of alcohol-related harm in relation to levels of alcohol consumption before, during and after a major anti-alcohol campaign in Moscow. DESIGN: Changes in State alcohol sale and alcohol consumption and certain forms of alcohol-related harm were observed as a function of time. FINDINGS: Following the 1985 anti-alcohol campaign, State alcohol sales decreased by 38.0% in 1.5 years in Moscow, and total consumption decreased by 28.6%. At the same time, admissions for alcohol-related mental and behavioural disorders, deaths from liver cirrhosis, alcohol poisoning and other blood alcohol positive violent deaths decreased by 63.3%, 33.0%, 50.8% and 50.9%, respectively. There was a linear correlation between medical variables and alcohol consumption during its decrease in 1985-86. An increase in blood alcohol positive violent deaths began in 1987, before the increases in other variables. Growth of total alcohol consumption began in 1987, and continued during all subsequent years, although it was especially high in 1992-93 at the time of the introduction of market reforms in Russia. Alcohol-related mental and behavioural disorders and liver cirrhosis mortality increased after a time-lag following the rise in alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS: The findings provide stark evidence of the potential impact of policy measures applied to general alcohol consumption on alcohol-related harm.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1991

[Transformation of semantic concepts in alcoholism].

As many as 20 alcoholic patients and 20 healthy men were subjected to a free associative experiment with the stimuli-words such as "wife", "chief", "shop", while the word "pencil" was used as neutral control. In the patients, the words "chief" and "wife", in particular, evoked highly predominant emotional associations due to the negative characteristics of the chief and positive ones of the wife, her general human qualities and attitude toward her husband. The latter association was compensatory in nature, reflecting the importance of the wife theme for alcoholic patients. As compared to the healthy persons, the degree of transformation of the meanings of the stimuli-words in the patients can serve as an indicator of the importance of the meanings "wife", "chief", "shop" and "pencil" (zero transformation). The data obtained indicate that the psychosomatic approach makes it possible to rearrange the semantic structure of the patients transformed personality, to reveal its so-called "hot points" which may require psychocorrection.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Psycholinguistic study of a special vocabulary used by alcoholics].

Twenty-five patients suffering from stage II alcoholism and 20 normal persons were subjected to a psycholinguistic study. The examined were asked to put down words associated with a booze situation. Out of 608 associated words thus derived, only 63 words (10%) turned out to be used by patients and normal persons whereas only 23% of the patients' words were entries of the dictionary of the Russian language. It is concluded that the alcoholic vocabulary of patients may be regarded as a specialized language with a specific contents. It is dominated by the so-called operational words associated with the process of purchasing alcoholic drinks, with the site and amount of booze as well as by the words synonymous to the word to 'knock back'. The alcoholic vocabulary of normal persons was dominated by the words relating to the drinking and companionable themes. The psycholinguistic experiment makes it possible to differentiate between patients and normal persons not only at the group but also at the individual level.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Skin resistance reaction to alcohol-related verbal stimuli in alcoholic adolescents].

In 25 patients with early alcoholism and 28 adolescents with initial experience with alcohol the skin conductance responses were tested under a range of stimuli. In the patients, the orienting responses to alcohol-relevant verbal stimulation were stronger and later extinguished as compared to normals suggesting higher subjective values of these words. The responses were increased in abstinence and directly depended on its duration. Indirect evidence pointed to the relation of psychophysiological indices to the craving to alcohol. The authors inferred that orienting response to alcohol-relevant stimuli can be a tool in the studies of alcoholism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Alcohol consumption and alcoholic psychoses].

The course of alcoholic psychoses was juxtaposed to that of alcoholic beverages purchase in Moscow during 1984-1986. Antialcoholic measures since June, 1985, sharply decreased the number of psychoses to 33.1% of the 1984 level. Their distribution within a month has changed. The alcoholic beverages purchase in 1986 was 61.7% of that in 1984. The number of alcoholic psychoses displayed a strong correlation with the purchase level (r = +0.90). Regression analysis showed that beverages purchase reduction to 28% of the 1984 level would fully abolish the alcoholic psychoses in Moscow. The conclusion was that the alcoholic psychoses can serve as a reliable index of the effectiveness of anti-alcoholic measures.

Alcoholic Beverages↗
PubMed1986

[Changes in the wave composition of evoked potentials during treatment of endogenous depression].

Evoked potentials (EPs) were studied in patients with endogenic depression prior to and during the therapy. It was found that a reduction in the maximum amplitude of EPs reflecting the initial severity of depression could not serve as an indicator of its time-course in the treatment by tricyclic antidepressants. In contrast, the newly identified electrophysiological sign of endogenic depression, a number of EP waves, shifted toward normalization in the process of the treatment parallelled by a decrease in the severity of the depressive syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Surgical treatment of arteriovenous fistulas and aneurysms].

An experience with the treatment of 31 patients with posttraumatic arteriovenous aneurysms and fistulas is presented. The blood flow was re-established in 28 patients, in 8 patients the ligature method was used. The functioning of the extremity was repaired.

Adolescent↗