PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A V Richman

Publications and source records attributed to A V Richman.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Endotoxemic acute renal failure in awake rats.

The sequence of changes in renal function in endotoxemic acute renal failure (ARF) and the role of hypotension and systemic hemodynamics were evaluated in awake female Sprague-Dawley rats given an intravenous bolus of Escherichia coli endotoxin (20-40 mg/kg). After endotoxin ARF was abrupt in onset as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) fell promptly and progressively by 53% within 3.5 h, whereas renal blood flow decreased by 42% and renal vascular resistance nearly doubled. Systemic hemodynamics remained stable, including mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance. Early endotoxemic ARF was associated with oliguria and sodium retention, a finding consistent with intact tubular function. Three and one-half hours after endotoxin, however, fractional water and sodium excretion were significantly increased. Ultrastructural studies then demonstrated sequestration of phagocytic leukocytes and intracellular edema in the peritubular capillaries with normal glomeruli. The decrease in GFR was spontaneously reversible within 7-9 days. Extracellular fluid volume expansion with saline either before or 24 h after administration of endotoxin failed to prevent the decrease in GFR or to normalize renal function. The data suggest that endotoxin has direct renal effects. The endothelial cells may be the primary target of endotoxin in the kidney.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1979

Does malignant hibernoma exist?

The authors present a case of a highly atypical, possibly malignant, hibernoma. It presented as a deep-seated tumor in the retropharynx of a 57-year-old male. A review of possible similar cases is presented. The patient is without recurrence 4 years after complete excision and radiation therapy. The tumor must be differentiated from liposarcoma. The clinical potential must await the accumulation and observation of additional cases.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1979

Immunity to cell surface antigens and immune complex glomerulonephritis in hamsters bearing human epithelial tumors.

A glomerulopathy in hamsters bearing human epithelial tumors is described. The tumors resulted from the s.c. implantation of human heteroploid cells (MA160) derived originally from a benign prostatic adenoma. The renal immunomorphological and ultrastructural changes include expansion of mesangial matrix and cellularity, electron-dense mesangial deposits, and mesangial deposits of immunoglobulin G and C'3. Renal eluates obtained from the tumor-bearing animals contained substantial amounts of immunoglobulins. Our immunopathological studies demonstrated that virtually all of the eluate immunoglobulin G was tumor-specific antibody directed exclusively against surface determinants of the MA160 cells. There was no demonstrable activity against cytoplasmic or nuclear constituents of the MA160 cells or against certain hamster antigenic determinants. The antibody in the eluate could be removed by repetitive absorptions with viable MA160 cells but not with similar absorptions with either normal human diploid fibroblasts, human heteroploid HeLa cells, or BHK21 hamster cells. Our data support the concept of a specific nephritogenic immunopathological process occurring as a result of immunity to tumor-specific surface determinants.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1978

Admission screening for hepatitis B surface antigen in a university hospital.

Upon admission to the hospital, 7,984 patients were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by radioimmunoassay. Seventy-one patients had sera positive for HBsAg. Twenty-four (34%) were possible asymptomatic carriers in whom liver function was not further evaluated and occult liver disease could not be excluded: 16 (23%) had either a previous history or admitting diagnosis of hepatic dysfunction; eight(11%) had occult liver disease, revealed after HBsAg antigenemia was discovered; and 25 (34%) were unsuspected asymptomatic carriers whose liver function was normal. We concluded that screening for HBsAg was an effective preventive tool in identifying HBsAg-positive patients. Screening solely for the detection of occult liver disease is not an effective method because of the high cost. Perhaps because of the unsolicited nature of this data collection, screening for HBsAg was not clinically effective for the majority of patients, as evidenced by the high incidence of inadequate clinical evaluations and lack of serologic follow-up. Proposals to alleviate ineffectiveness are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Immune-complex glomerulonephritis in a patient with mixed connective tissue disease.

Renal involvement and hypocomplementemia in mixed connective tissue disease are reported to be rare. A patient is described here with mixed connective tissue disease and persistently low serum C'3 levels in whom renal insufficiency and nephrotic syndrome developed secondary to immune-complex glomerulonephritis. Light microscopy of the renal biopsy specimen showed predominantly a membranous lesion. Immunofluorescent staining showed granular deposition along the basement membrane of immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, fibrinogen and C3. Electron microscopy showed numerous electron-dense deposits along the glomerular capillary membrane and in the mesangium.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

HLA antigens and keratoconus.

Significant associations have been found between the HLA antigens or haplotypes and certain diseases and deficiencies. These associations have opened up new areas of clinical investigation. In man, associations have been shown between the presence of Hodgkin's Disease and a number of cross-reacting HLA types (BW5, BW15, BW18), between systemic Lupus erythematosus and HLA type BW15 in Caucasians and BW35 in blacks, between HLA B37 and ankylosing spondylitis in Caucasians, between HLA B8 and gluten-sensitive enteropathy and between HLA B13 and psoriasis, a disease having a strong hereditary element. In ophthalmology, Shin and Becker have shown that the prevalence of HLA B7 and B12 antigens was significantly higher in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma than in the non-glaucomatous population. The purpose of this communication is to report the presence of HLA B27 antigen in the mother and two siblings with keratoconus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Immunofluorescence studies of benign and malignant human mammary tissue.

Indirect immunofluorescence studies on sections of human normal breast tissue, benign breast lesions, and breast adenocarcinomas were performed with the use of monospecific fluorescein-conjugated antisera to human alpha, gamma, and mu chains, albumin, and C3. In all tissues, benign and malignant, immunohistologic localization of IgA and IgM was noted in patterns previously described for other secretory epithelia. IgG was localized at the tumor cell, but was not associated with epithelial cells from either normal breast tissue or benign breast lesions. Except for a single case of benign cystosarcoma phylloides, all normal, benign, and malignant breast tissues failed to react with anti-C3. These findings were compared with previous studies employing dissociated tumor cells, and the potential application of these methods to pathologic diagnosis was examined.

Adenocarcinoma↗