Types of ophthalmic traumas subject to change at present are enumerated: communal, criminal, war traumas, and injuries resultant from emergency situations (disasters). The changes are discussed. Main factors which should be borne in mind when investigating the problem of ocular injuries are determined. Priority trends of research in ophthalmic traumatology are defined.

Eye Injuries↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Pharmacokinetic properties of rithmidazole upon single intravenous introduction].

The kinetics of rithmidazole (an imidazobenzimiodazole derivative possessing the properties of I, III, and IV class antiarrhythmics) was studied upon a single intravenous introduction in rats (in a dose of 10 mg/kg) and in healthy male volunteers (300 mg/kg). The drug pharmacokinetics in rat blood plasma was characterized by rapid elimination from the systemic blood flow (drug detected by HPLC only within 6 h); the total plasma clearance was 1.43 liter/(h kg), the terminal half-elimination time was 1.76 h, and the equilibrium distribution volume (2.42 liter/kg) exceeded the total volume of water in the animal organism, which is indicative of a high level of absorption in tissues. The drug is characterized by a low level of binding to blood proteins and erythrocytes. Investigation of the drug distribution between tissues showed evidence of extensive, blood-flow-dependent penetration, with the drug concentration in most tissues exceeding that in the blood plasma. The maximum amounts of rithmidazole were found in the lungs, spleen, liver, and kidneys. The major excretion route for the unchanged drug is via urine and bile, amounting to 10% and approximately 1% of the dose introduced, respectively, determined within 72 h. The results are indicative of a low probability of the hepatoduodenal circulation of the unchanged substance: about 90% of the drug undergo metabolic transformation. The pharmacokinetics of rithmidazole in volunteers was also characterized by rapid elimination from the systemic blood flow; the total plasma clearance was 0.89 liter/(h kg), the terminal half-elimination time was 2.12 h, and the equilibrium distribution volume was 1.66 liter/kg. The obtained results show that the pharmacokinetic profiles of rithmidazole in rats and humans exhibit a similar character, with a high intensity of distribution and elimination processes.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Prospects for treating intraocular traumatic hemorrhage using a new fibrinolytic hemase].

Therapy of intraocular traumatic hemorrhage with the new drug hemaz is an important problem of ophthalmic traumatology. Seventy patients (76 eyes) with intraocular hemorrhages of traumatic origin were treated. Forty four patients (44 eyes) presented with hyphemas and 32 (32 eyes) with hemophthalmia. The results of hemaz therapy were compared with those of traditional treatment. The results confirm the high efficacy of hemaz which was well tolerated with sub-conjunctival and parabulbar injection. Indications for the use of this drug in clinical practice were formulated: it is recommended for the treatment of posttraumatic and postoperative hyphemas of any volume, including pupil hyphema, and for partial posttraumatic hemophthalmia.

Eye Hemorrhage↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative evaluation of treatment methods in posttraumatic ciliary-choroidal detachment].

The detachment of the ciliary body and the choroid (ciliochoroidal detachment--CCD) is one of the most severe complications after mechanical trauma of the eye, and, according to published data, it is encountered in 1.9% of injured persons. The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy of treatment of posttraumatic CCD by applying the traditional methods and those elaborated by the authors and based on using the modern laser equipment. The results of treatment of 26 patients with dislocated detachment of the choroid and ciliary body were analyzed. The conservative treatment for dislocated CCD produces, as a rule, a temporary result because it does not eliminate the causes of detachment. The traditional surgery for dislocated CCD ensures the adhesion only in one half of patients and it is related with a high risk of postoperative complications. The transscleral diode-laser cycloplexia is a most promising and low-traumatic method for dislocated CCD to be used during the early period after trauma.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Photo damage to the eye in exposure to the radiation from a Nd:YAG Q-switching laser: the physicochemical structural changes to the crystalline lens and the vitreous body].

Structural changes in the lens and vitreous body exposed to short-pulse Nd:YAG Q-switching laser were under study. The laser was focussed in the lens nucleus or vitreous center plane. A pulse energy was 7.1-9.3 mJ, with a total of 75-100 pulses. Cataract development was induced via the formation of cavities with the guidance spot focal plane localized in the lens nucleus plane. When the focus was in the vitreous body and the laser operated in a similar energy mode, great numbers of small cavities rapidly formed, this evidencing a shock wave propagation. Specific and structural conformational changes in the lens and vitreous protein molecules were detected by nitrate quenching of the triptophane amino acid residue fluorescence. Laser exposure was found to reduce triptophanile availability for nitrates, this evidencing protein complexes aggregation (collapse); besides, laser exposure essentially increased the amino acid residue quenching constants, which fact pointed to a decreased density of the vitreous collagen and lens crystalline negative charges (increased hydratation). These findings permit a conclusion that the shifts connected with injury to the vitreous body, with macular edema, or with detachment of the retina after exposure to Nd:YAG laser may be due to collapse of the vitreous gel liquified components.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[A method of retrograde cholangiography].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Correction of immunity and hemostasis with peptides from the bursa of Fabricius and bone marrow in embryonically bursectomized chicks].

Peptides from the bursa of Fabricius were shown to normalize immunogenesis, blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in bursectomized chicks to a greater extent than those from the bone marrow. Antigen-independent differentiation of B-lymphocytes can probably take place under the influence of peptides from the bursa of Fabricius in bursectomized chicks.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied