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A Vesterby

Publications and source records attributed to A Vesterby.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Some new, simple and efficient stereological methods and their use in pathological research and diagnosis.

Stereology is a set of simple and efficient methods for quantitation of three-dimensional microscopic structures which is specifically tuned to provide reliable data from sections. Within the last few years, a number of new methods has been developed which are of special interest to pathologists. Methods for estimating the volume, surface area and length of any structure are described in this review. The principles on which stereology is based and the necessary sampling procedures are described and illustrated with examples. The necessary equipment, the measurements, and the calculations are invariably simple and easy.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Unbiased stereological estimation of osteoid and resorption fractional surfaces in trabecular bone using vertical sections: sampling efficiency and biological variation.

The conventional stereological procedure for estimating bone surface densities in iliac crest biopsies provides biased estimates because bone substructure is anisotropic and the sectioning of the biopsies is intended to be parallel to the cylindrical axis of the iliac crest biopsy. It has recently been shown that random anisotropic sections with an identifiable axis or direction which is arbitrary but fixed can be used for unbiased estimates of surface areas. The arbitrary axis is called "vertical," a denomination which does not imply anything about its relation to directions in the world's field of gravity. Sampling efficiency and biological variation of fractional osteoid and resorptive surfaces were investigated in 14 paired bone specimens obtained from two females and five males (mean age 64) using an integral anisotropic test system constructed of cycloids. Results obtained at direct microscopy were compared to results obtained with projection onto the table. Mean fractional osteoid and resorption surfaces were 6.2 and 1.4% using direct microscopy and 5.6 and 1.7% using projection. Estimation of variance at each level of sampling showed that the majority of the total observed variance was due to true variance between individuals; for fractional osteoid surface the unavoidable biological variation was 80.5% of the observed variation and for fractional resorption surfaces it was 57%. The efficiency of the estimation procedure is therefore close to optimal and the only way to improve the precision in groups of patients and controls would be to include more individuals in the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Unbiased stereologic estimation of surface density in bone using vertical sections.

The conventional stereologic procedure for estimating bone surface densities in iliac crest biopsies gives biased estimates because bone substructure is anisotropic and the sectioning of the biopsies is intended to be parallel to the cylindrical axis of the iliac crest biopsy. It has recently been shown that random anisotropic sections with an identifiable axis or direction that is arbitrary but fixed can be used for unbiased estimates of surface areas. The arbitrary axis is called "vertical," which does not imply anything about its relation to direction of gravity. To describe the methodology and the practical sampling procedure for vertical sections, surface density of trabecular bone was estimated in 16 bone samples obtained at autopsy from eight persons (mean age 64 years) using an anisotropic cycloid test system designed for vertical sections. In addition, variation in the estimation procedure was quantitated. The average surface density of trabecular bone was 2.8 +/- 0.4 mm-1 (+/- SD). No systematic difference was observed between the two bone specimens from each of the eight persons. Estimation of the variance at each level of sampling showed that the majority of the total observed variance was due to true variance between individuals. Vertical section is, in general, the method of choice when dealing with surfaces not known to have an isotropic orientation distribution. The cycloid test system is easy and fast to use, and the estimate is truely unbiased. The requirements are all sections must be parallel to the vertical axis, the rotation around this axis must be random, the position of the section or of the biopsy must be random, and the vertical axis must be identified in the section.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Congenital heart malformations in Jutland, Denmark: a three year necropsy study in children aged 0-14 years. Epidemiology and classification according to sequential segmental analysis.

The use of sequential segmental analysis for describing congenital heart malformations was the method of assessment used in a prospective necropsy study covering Jutland, a well defined geographical and demographic area of Denmark. The study group was 1,154 children of whom 261 (22.6%) had a congenital heart malformation. The most common malformations were ductus arteriosus and ventricular septal defect and there were 77 cases in which connections between chambers or between chambers and great arteries were anomalous (68 liveborn; 37 male and 31 female: nine stillborn; two male and seven female). No difference in sex distribution or seasonal variation was found between those with congenital heart disease and those without. Extracardiac malformations and chromosomal abnormalities were more often seen in children with congenital heart malformation than those without (30.3% vs 16.6%). The sequential segmental analysis is a logical and precise way of describing congenital heart malformations and it should be routinely used to classify cases of congenital heart malformation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A histomorphometric determination of iliac bone structure and remodeling in obese subjects.

Quantitative histomorphometric analyses of iliac crest biopsies were performed after tetracycline double labeling in 24 patients with morbid obesity and in 30 age- and sex-matched controls. The amount and structure of bone were determined from measurements of total biopsy length, fractional length of medullary space, fractional trabecular bone volume, trabecular thickness, and the intertrabecular distance. Static and dynamic variables of bone resorption and formation were determined, and the balance of the BMU level was estimated from final resorption depth and mean wall thickness of trabecular structural units. In the obese patients the total biopsy length was increased, with a normal proportion of medullary space to total biopsy length. The mean fractional trabecular bone volume was reduced due to an increased distance between trabeculae of normal mean thickness. The total biopsy length in the obese patients was found to be positively related to the intertrabecular distance and inversely related to the fractional trabecular bone volume. The remaining histomorphometric variables describing bone formation rate at tissue, BMU, and cellular levels, the amount of bone formed, the mineralization process, mineralization lag time, bone resorption, and the balance between resorption and formation were all normal in the obese group.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The myocardium in epileptics.

The main purpose of this investigation was to examine by quantitative methods if pathological fibrosis could be found in the myocardium of epileptics. The investigation was retrospective and included 23 epileptics and 30 controls who were age- and sex-matched with the epileptics. No difference was found between epileptics and the control group as far as cellular infiltration, single myocyte necrosis, basophilic cell degeneration, and fresh bleeding were concerned. Fibrosis of the myocardium was measured quantitatively by point counting. The fibrosis was approximately 6% of the muscle mass in both groups. In conclusion, no structural difference in the myocardial composition was found between epileptics and the control group.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Aseptic bone/bone marrow necrosis in leukaemia.

Aseptic (avascular) bone/bone marrow necrosis (ABN) was found in 21 leukaemic patients during a period of 14 yr, with a frequency of 6.5% in autopsied leukaemic patients, and with the highest frequency in ALL. 8 patients (38%) complained of bone pain. X-ray examination was carried out in 7 of these with a positive result in 3 (43%). Only 1 patient had elevated S-Alkaline phosphatase. Leucocytosis was found in 12 patients. Only 1 patient (ALL) received steroid in a rather high dose during 6 weeks. At autopsy ABN was found localized to the femur in all patients and 2 patients also had ABN in other bones. Post-mortem X-ray examination demonstrated changes in 8 of 15 cases (53%), with osteolysis in 6 and sclerosis in 2. 19 patients had had recent ABN with some fibroblast proliferation. In 4 of these, appositional bone formation had started. 2 patients had sclerosis as the only change. The pathogenesis of ABN is not known; an important factor, however, may be ischaemia due to vascular obstruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Child abuse and neglect in Denmark: medico-legal aspects.

On the basis of material selected at the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus , from 1959 to 1980, we estimated the frequency of mortality from child abuse in Denmark to be 0.5 child deaths per million inhabitants per year. This figure is equal to that in Sweden and Norway but lower than most other countries. The study population included 53 abused children: 33 living children (18 boys and 15 girls) and 20 fatalities (11 boys and 9 girls). The social background of the children and abusers (32 men and 15 women) is described in connection with the juridical and social outcome of the cases. Cases with repetitive lesions were the most important evidence of child abuse. In cases with non-repetitive injuries, it was more difficult to prove that child abuse had taken place, but subdural hematoma and abdominal lesions with rupture of the duodenum or tearing of the mesenterium were very strong evidence. We think that a better handling of cases of child abuse or neglect could be obtained with extended collaboration between the social authorities, the police, the public prosecutor , the pediatrician and the forensic pathologist.

Battered Child Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

Isolated right ventricular myocardial infarction. A case report.

Isolated right ventricular infarction is uncommon. A 73-year-old man without previous cardial complaints was admitted pulseless to hospital. An infarct of the left ventricle was suspected. Autopsy showed a fresh thrombus located in a small branch artery of the right coronary artery accompanied by a fresh infarction of the anterior free wall of the right ventricle. Only 8 cases of isolated right ventricular infarction located in the anterior free wall were found in a review of the literature of right ventricular infarction. The diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of right ventricular infarction are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Correlation of Electrophysiology and morphology in myocardial sarcoidosis. A case report.

A 44-year-old man with systemic sarcoidosis for 11 years developed myocardial sarcoidosis with left bundle branch block and recurrent ventricular tachycardia prior to death. Autopsy showed granulomas and fibrosis in the myocardium including the left ventricular free wall, septum and His bundle, particular the left bundle branch. This is in accordance with the ECG findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Postmortem coronary angiography and histological investigation of the conduction system of the heart in sudden unexpected death due to coronary heart disease.

This study has been performed applying postmortem coronary angiography and histological investigation of the conduction system of the heart in 21 persons who died suddenly and unexpectedly because of coronary sclerosis. This "coronary group" is compared with a sex and age matched control group of 24 persons. Acute vascular lesions were found in 20 persons (95.2%), fresh infarctions in 10 (45%), heart rupture in 2 (9.5%) and old infarctions (indicated by localized fibrosis) in 7 (33.3%). The coronary arteries were graded using WHO's recommendations from 1958. Arteriosclerosis of the major coronary arteries was significantly more extensive in the "coronary group". The origin and course of the arteries to the conduction system were located by postmortem coronary angiography. The right coronary artery supplied these arteries in the majority of cases (sinus node artery 77%, a.-v. node artery 85%). A significantly greater degree of arteriosclerosis could be demonstrated histologically in the sinus node artery in the "coronary group". In both groups the degree of arteriosclerosis was greater in the a.-v. node artery than in the sinus node artery. The conduction system was investigated using Hudson's method. There were only 3 cases of infarction in the conduction system, possibly due to its greater resistance to damage from anoxia. In all patients "non-specific changes" (hemorrhage, small cellular infiltrations and/or degeneration) were found and these changes can, therefore, be of no pathophysiological importance in this group of patients. The degree of fibrosis and the amount of fat was semiquantified. Six patients in the "coronary group" had moderate fibrosis around the left sided fibres of the bundle of His. This leads to the conclusion that these changes might play a role in the fatal course, and that some cases of sudden, unexpected cardiac death can be explained by pre-existing fibrosis in the conduction system.

Coronary Angiography↗
PubMed1980

Atrial fibrillation resulting from cardiac trauma.

Reports in the literature concerning isolated traumatic lesions of the conductive system of the heart following blunt injury to the thorax are rare. A 69-year-old woman who was a front-seat passenger developed disturbances of conduction with atrial fibrillation after blunt injury to the thorax. She died 7 days later. Autopsy and subsequent histological investigation of the conductive system of the heart showed isolated contusion in the right atrium close to the atrio-ventricular node.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Iatrogenic fractures of the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage. A case report.

A case of fracture of the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage is reported as a complication to resuscitation. This gave rise to many forensic as well as police investigations and stresses the importance of detailed information at medicolegal autopsies as regards the resuscitation carried out.

Fractures, Bone↗