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Biomedical subjects

A W Pruitt

Publications and source records attributed to A W Pruitt.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Profile of an inpatient population with a history of illicit drug use.

Using a data retrieval system, information was obtained from the records of all patients discharged over a three-year period with a primary or secondary diagnosis of illicit drug use. From 1987-1989, the number of patients and number of hospital days for patients with such diagnoses increased steadily. Seventy four percent of inpatients identified as users of illicit drugs were less than 35 years of age; this percentage was greatly influenced by the percentage (44-48%) of obstetrical patients in the population. Hospital charges for the major source of payment for the identified group exceeded $5 million in 1989. Medicaid was the major source of payment for the hospital care; the average length of hospital stay for that portion of the patients increased about 1.4 days over the three-year period. The number of hospitalized patients identified as users of illicit drugs increased over the period of study, and the population depended heavily on government sources for payment of inpatient services.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Pharmacokinetic, biliary excretion, and metabolic studies of 14C-furosemide in the rat.

1. Partition of furosemide into organic solvents at pH 3.8 was greatest for ethyl acetate (33:1) greater than 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (10:1) greater than ethyl ether (6:1). 2. Furosemide was highly bound to human, bovine, rabbit, and rat plasma or albumin (97.4-98.4%). 3. Furosemide was highly bound to rat tissues. One hour after i.p. injection of the drug, tissue to plasma concentration ratios were: adrenals (10:1), lung (4:1), kidney (4:1), spleen (3:1). 4. In rats with ligated renal pedicles, furosemide was excreted in bile, at least in part, by active transport. Hepatic clearance of a 1 mg/kg i.v. dose contributed 20% to total body clearance. Large doses (50 mg/kg and more) of furosemide exerted a choleretic effect. 5. Chromatography of bile showed that i.v. administration of 50 mg/kg and higher doses of furosemide to rats resulted in saturation of hepatic drug metabolism. 6. The bile of rats contained the parent drug, 4-chloro-5-sulphamoyl-anthranilic acid, and at least two unknown metabolites with the furan ring intact.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1991

Losing time.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Attitude↗
PubMed1988

Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of a sustained-release liquid theophylline preparation.

Theolan Suspension is the first long-acting liquid theophylline dosage form. A crossover study comparing the pharmacokinetic and clinical response to Theolan Suspension (administered every 12 hours) with aminophylline solution (administered every 8 hours) in children younger than 12 years of age is reported. Twenty-seven patients completed the study: 17 children were aged 6 years or younger and five patients were 3 years or younger. All patients were withdrawn from bronchodilator therapy and then were titrated to clinically effective doses of study medication. There was an equivalent and significant reduction from baseline levels in the mean symptom score during administration of theophylline suspension (42%; p less than or equal to 0.001) and aminophylline solution (57%; p less than or equal to 0.001). Mean values for FEV1 (1.2 versus 1.3 L), FEV1/FVC (77% versus 79%), and reduction in acute metaproterenol use (24% versus 43%) in children receiving theophylline suspension and aminophylline solution revealed no differences between products. Adverse effects were reported more frequently for the aminophylline solution, possibly caused in part to its taste. Of children stating a taste preference, eight of 10 children chose the Theolan Suspension. The suspension demonstrated a lower peak theophylline blood level at a later time (11.6 micrograms/ml at 3 1/2 hours), compared to the solution (14.6 micrograms/ml at 1 1/2 hours; p less than or equal to 0.01). Indexes of theophylline fluctuation during the dosing interval indicated equivalent or reduced variability for the suspension. Relative bioavailability of theophylline suspension was 89% of that for the solution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Asthma↗
PubMed1983

Pulmonary effects of furosemide in preterm infants with lung disease.

Twenty preterm infants recovering from respiratory distress syndrome at 1 week of age were randomized in this study either to a control or a treatment group. Those treated received a single daily dose of furosemide (1 mg/kg) intravenously. Pulmonary compliance was observed to improve significantly at two hours in the treated group, as compared with that in the controls. The calculated alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient was noted to decrease two hours after furosemide and to remain decreased over the four-day period in the treated group. This improvement in lung function was not secondary to diuresis in the infants treated with furosemide. We conclude that furosemide may have a direct pulmonary effect and improve lung function acutely as well as with chronic administration.

Furosemide↗
PubMed1983

Management of clonidine ingestion in children.

Six cases of toxic ingestion of clonidine hydrochloride are reviewed. Apnea, respiratory depression, and rhythm disturbances were more frequent in our patients than in those previously reported; hypotension and bradycardia occurred at a similar frequency. Satisfactory management consisted of close attention to vital signs and judicious treatment of specific physiologic abnormalities. Atropine effectively corrected bradycardia. Tolazoline was found to be ineffective in reversing symptoms and signs of clonidine overdosage. Hypotension was managed by volume expansion, and if necessary, by a continuous infusion of dopamine. Naloxone, although not used in our patients, may be of both diagnostic and therapeutic value in treating clonidine overdosage.

Atropine↗
PubMed1983

Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasis. A case complicated by chylothorax.

A case is reported of an infant with features of Noonan Syndrome and congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasis. Soon after birth, persistent respiratory distress developed, and, at 4 months of ge, a chylothorax was noted. Medium chain triglyceride therapy by the enteral route was tried, but parenteral alimentation and chest-tube drainage were required. Diagnosis of pulmonary lymphangiectasis was confirmed by biopsy.

Chylothorax↗
PubMed1981

Plasma concentrations of isoniazid in children with tuberculous infections.

Six children with tuberculous infection were given their daily prescribed doses of isoniazid by the oral and the intramuscular route on different days. The plasma concentrations reached after both routes of administration were nearly equivalent. The plasma half-life of isoniazid ranged from 1.6 to 4.8 hours. The observed plasma concentrations in these children were higher than those reported in many adults. This difference is due to the larger doses of isoniazid prescribed for children.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Cyclic GMP-dependent and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases, protein kinase modulators and phosphodiesterases in arteries and veins of dogs. Distribution and effects of arteriovenous fistula and arterial occlusion.

Possible involvement of cyclic GMP-dependent and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases, protein kinase modulators and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in functions of vascular tissues were investigated in the dog. All of the above activities, localized in the smooth muscle-rich inner layer of the blood vessels, were found to be higher in the arteries than in the veins. The peripheral arteries were disproportionately richer in cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (as indicated by high ratios of cyclic GMP-dependent to cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase) than were the veins, with the exception of the pulmonary artery, an atypical arterial tissue exposed to low blood pressure. Interestingly, the protein kinase ratio for the aorta, an artery with no significant role in blood pressure regulation, was not higher than that for the vena cava. Creation of femoral arteriovenous fistulae in the dogs led to preferential reductions in the cyclic GMP-dependent enzyme activity both in the proximal and distal arteries, whereas it was elevated in the stressed vein distal to the anastomotic site. The cyclic GMP-dependent enzyme was preferentially reduced in the saphenous artery distal to occlusion. Changes in the cyclic GMP-dependent enzyme activity appeared to precede gross atrophy or hypertrophy of the vessels. It is suggested that the vascular cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase may be closely related to peripheral resistance and its regulation.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1977

Depression of renal clearance of furosemide in man by azotemia.

The renal clearance of furosemide and tetraethylammonium (TEA) were compared in 10 patients with hypertensive nephropathy. BUN and creatinine ranges were 10 to 88 mg/dl and 0.9 to 3.8 mg/dl, respectively. Diuretics were discontinued 48 hr prior to the study, and 2 consecutive clearances (ml/min/1.73 m2BSA) of creatinine were performed. The patient then received a bolus followed by a constant infusion of furosemide-14C and tetraethylammonium-14C (analyzed by specific methodology for plasma and urine), both in subpharmacologic doses. After 40-min equilibration sequential 20-min clearance periods were obtained. Both the clearance of furosemide (range 17 to 133) and TEA (range 99 to 443) correlated negatively with BUN and serum creatinine and positively with creatinine and urea clearances. Thus, by using a constant-infusion technique we demonstrated that the renal clearance of furosemide is depressed by azotemia in man and that there was greater depression with furosemide than with TEA.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Variations in the fate of triameterene.

Triamterene is a pteridine used therapeutically as a diuretic. In order to better understand variations in effect and toxicity of triamterence in individuals, the fate of the drug in man was investigated. Both nonradioactive and 14C-labeled forms of the drug were administered, and specific methods of analysis were used to separate the parent compound from its metabolite. Individual variation in absorption, binding, and elimination was noted. The drug was excreted in bile as well as urine. Rapid and extensive metabolism of the agent occurred after oral and intravenous doses in healthy adult men. The peak plasma levels of the drug after an oral dose (200 mg) were under 0.3 microng/ml, but the concentration of the primary metabolite. (2,4,7-triamino-6-p-hydroxyphenylpteridine) was higher. The urinary excretion of the metabolite was at least three times that of the parent drug.

Administration, Oral↗