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Biomedical subjects

A W Saunders

Publications and source records attributed to A W Saunders.

2 recordsLinked to original sources

Diffuse T-cell lymphoma preceded by nodular lymphoma.

A patient with a nodular lymphoma morphologically indistinguishable from follicular B-cell lymphoma subsequently developed a diffuse T-cell lymphoma. This T-cell lymphoma displayed characteristics analogous to mature T-lymphocytes, and typed as a suppressor/cytotoxic T-cell with the monoclonal antibodies. The light and electron microscopy morphology of the T-cell lymphoma was similar to that reported for node-based T-cell lymphomas. There was a polymorphous proliferation of variably transformed lymphocytes including immunoblasts. This case could represent either a nodular form of T-cell lymphoma converting to a diffuse T-cell lymphoma, or a follicular B-cell lymphoma preceding, and possibly inducing, a suppressor T-cell lymphoma.

Adult↗

Direct imaging of explosives.

Any technique that can detect nitrogen concentrations can screen for concealed explosives. However, such a technique would have to be insensitive to metal, both encasing and incidental. If images of the nitrogen concentrations could be captured, then, since form follows function, a robust screening technology could be developed. However these images would have to be sensitive to the surface densities at or below that of the nitrogen contained in buried anti-personnel mines or of the SEMTEX that brought down Pan Am 103, approximately 200 g. Although the ability to image in three-dimensions would somewhat reduce false positives, capturing collateral images of carbon and oxygen would virtually assure that nitrogenous non-explosive material like fertilizer, Melmac dinnerware, and salami could be eliminated. We are developing such an instrument, the Nitrogen Camera, which has met experimentally these criteria with the exception of providing oxygen images, which awaits the availability of a sufficiently energetic light source. Our Nitrogen Camera technique uses an electron accelerator to produce photonuclear reactions whose unique decays it registers. Clearly if our Nitrogen Camera is made mobile, it could be effective in detecting buried mines, either in an active battlefield situation or in the clearing of abandoned military munitions. Combat operations require that a swathe the width of an armored vehicle, 5 miles deep, be screened in an hour, which is within our camera's scanning speed. Detecting abandoned munitions is technically easier as it is free from the onerous speed requirement. We describe here our Nitrogen Camera and show its 180 pixel intensity images of elemental nitrogen in a 200 g mine simulant and in a 125 g stick of SEMTEX. We also report on our progress in creating a lorry transportable 70 MeV electron racetrack microtron, the principal enabling technology that will allow our Nitrogen Camera to be deployed in the field.

Explosions↗