Biomedical subjects

A Wahab

Publications and source records attributed to A Wahab.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Nematicidal natural products from the aerial parts of Lantana camara Linn.

Lantanilic acid, camaric acid and oleanolic acid possessing nematicidal activity were isolated from the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Lantana camara Linn. through bio-assay guided fractionation. These compounds exhibited 98%, 95% and 70% mortality respectively against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita at 0.5% concentration. Conventional nematicide furadan showed 100% mortality at this concentration.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

MCMAC-cVT: a novel on-line associative memory based CVT transmission control system.

This paper describes a novel application of an associative memory called the Modified Cerebellar Articulation Controller (MCMAC) (Int. J. Artif. Intell. Engng, 10 (1996) 135) in a continuous variable transmission (CVT) control system. It allows the on-line tuning of the associative memory and produces an effective gain-schedule for the automatic selection of the CVT gear ratio. Various control algorithms are investigated to control the CVT gear ratio to maintain the engine speed within a narrow range of efficient operating speed independently of the vehicle velocity. Extensive simulation results are presented to evaluate the control performance of a direct digital PID control algorithm with auto-tuning (Trans. ASME, 64 (1942)) and anti-windup mechanism. In particular, these results are contrasted against the control performance produced using the MCMAC (Int. J. Artif. Intell. Engng, 10 (1996) 135) with momentum, neighborhood learning and Averaged Trapezoidal Output (MCMAC-ATO) as the neural control algorithm for controlling the CVT. Simulation results are presented that show the reduced control fluctuations and improved learning capability of the MCMAC-ATO without incurring greater memory requirement. In particular, MCMAC-ATO is able to learn and control the CVT simultaneously while still maintaining acceptable control performance.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2002

Tulip liposuction in plastic surgery.

Tulip liposuction is a recent modification of the classical Mayo liposuction, which is done by suction apparatus consisting of large cannula, non collapsible wide bore tubing and a big suction device. Tulip liposuction is an entirely hand operated device comprising of special syringes, designed to fit snugly to thinner metallic cannula, with proximal ends shaped like a Tulip hence the Tulip liposuction. This modification has many advantages over the Mayo type. This paper presents the experience 110 cases of liposuction in Bangladesh. The study was carried out at different hospitals in Dhaka from December 1997 to February 2001. One hundred ten patients underwent this procedure. Of them hundred and one were carried out for cosmetic reasons. The other nine for extraction of lipomas. The age range was 21 to 49 years. Twenty four were males and eighty six were females. Sixty seven patients received spinal anesthesia and thirty nine patients received general anaesthesia. Only four cases were done under local anaesthesia. Hyaluronidase, adrenaline and normal saline were injected in the subcutaneous fat. A small stab incision was made and then fat was aspirated. No stitches were required. Complications were minimal and insignificant.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Field evaluation of cypermethrin and cyfluthrin against dengue vectors in a housing estate in Malaysia.

Cynoff 25ULV (cypermethrin 25 g/l) and Solfac UL015 (cyfluthrin 1.5% w/v) were evaluated against the sentinel sugar-fed adults and 4th-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti in a housing estate endemic of dengue in Malaysia. The impact of both pyrethroids on field populations of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti larvae was monitored weekly using bottle containers. Both Cynoff 25ULV and Solfac UL015 showed adulticidal effects and larvicidal effects. This field trial using Cynoff 25ULV against dengue vectors showed its potential for use in dengue vector control programs.

Aedes↗

PubMed2001

Effect of electrical field stimulation on insulin and glucagon secretion from the pancreas of normal and diabetic rats.

The effect of electrical field stimulation (EFS) on insulin (INS) and glucagon (GLU) secretion from normal and diabetic rat pancreas is poorly understood. In our study, EFS (5-20Hz, 50 V amplitude and 1.0 ms pulse width), when applied alone, resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase in INS secretion from the pancreas of both normal and diabetic rats. Atropine (10(-5) M) did not inhibit the EFS (5 Hz)-evoked INS secretion in normal pancreas and failed to alter the effect of EFS (10-20 Hz) on INS secretion from the pancreas of both normal and diabetic rats. Propranolol (Prop) inhibited INS secretion to below basal level in the presence of EFS (5 Hz) but not at EFS (10- 20 Hz). Tetrodotoxin (TTX) also significantly (p = 0.002) inhibited INS secretion from normal pancreas in the presence of EFS (5-20 Hz). The decrease in insulin secretion observed when pancreatic tissue fragments were incubated in Prop and TTX in the presence of EFS was reversed by yohimbine (10(-5) M). In contrast, TTX did not significantly modify INS secretion from diabetic pancreas in the presence of EFS. EFS (5-20 Hz) significantly (p<0.05) increased GLU release from normal and diabetic rat pancreas when applied alone. Neither atropine, Prop nor TTX significantly modified GLU release from the pancreas of either normal or diabetic rats. This suggests that GLU secretion may be controlled through a different pathway. The EFS-evoked INS and GLU secretion is probably executed via different mechanisms. These mechanisms include 1) activation of cholinergic nerves by EFS; 2) EFS of alpha- and beta-adrenergic nerves; 3) activation of non-adrenergic non-cholinergic pathway by EFS; 4) EFS-induced depolarization and subsequent action potential in pancreatic endocrine cells and 5) electroporosity caused by EFS-induced membrane permeability. All of these effects may be summative. In conclusion, EFS (5-20 Hz), when applied alone, can evoke significant increases in INS and GLU secretion from the pancreas of both normal and diabetic rats. Insulin secretion is controlled via alpha-2 adrenergic (inhibition) and beta-adrenergic (stimulation) receptors. Glucagon secretion is enhanced by alpha2 adrenergic stimulation.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗

PubMed2001

Infant mortality among Indonesian boys and girls: effect of sibling status.

The effect of gender and sibling status on the infant mortality rate (IMR) in Purworejo District, Central Java, Indonesia was investigated using direct estimation of IMR. A cohort of 1,948 infants born between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 1996 was followed for 1 year within a surveillance system. IMR was higher (not significantly) in male infants, and males (but not females) had a higher mortality rate if born after more than two siblings. This was significant in the Highland area only. Mothers' education and quality of drinking water had no modifying effect in either sex on the association between IMR and sibling status. Thus, in contrast with studies from South Asia, there are no indications of preferential treatment of infant boys compared with infant girls in Central Java.

Birth Order↗

PubMed2000

Antifungal activity of new 1,3,4-oxadiazolo[3,2-a]-s-triazine-5, 7-diones and their 5-thioxo-7-ones.

N(1)- and N(3)-(4-fluorophenyl) ureas (III a-e) were cyclocondensed with ethyl chloroformate and CS(2)/KOH to yield 2-aryl-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazolo[3,2-a]-s-triazine-5, 7-diones (IVa-e) and their 5-thioxo-7-ones (Va-e), respectively. The compounds III-V(a-e) have been compared with Dithane M-45 for their fungitoxic action against A. niger and F. oxyporum, and the results have been correlated with the structural features of the tested compounds.

Aspergillus niger↗

PubMed2000

Nematicidal constituents of the aerial parts of Lantana camara.

Two new constituents, lantanoside (1) and lantanone (2), and the known compounds linaroside (3) and camarinic acid (4) were isolated from the aerial parts of Lantana camara. Compounds 1, 3, and 4 were tested for nematicidal activity against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and showed 90, 85, and 100% mortality, respectively, at 1.0% concentration. The results were comparable to those obtained with the conventional nematicide furadan (100% mortality at 1.0% concentration). Structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical techniques.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Field evaluation of deltamethrin/S-bioallethrin/piperonyl butoxide and cyfluthrin against dengue vectors in Malaysia.

Deltacide (S-bioallethrin 0.71% w/v, deltamethrin 0.5% w/v, piperonyl butoxide 8.9% w/v excipients to 100% w/v) and Solfac UL 015 (cyfluthrin 1.5% w/v) were evaluated against the sentinel sugar-fed adults and 4th-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti at 17 storey high-rise apartments in Malaysia using ULV applications. The impact of both insecticides on field populations of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae was monitored weekly using bottle containers. Both Deltacide and Solfac UL 015 showed adulticidal and larvicidal effects. This was the first field trial using Deltacide against dengue vectors in Malaysia and showed its potential for use in dengue vector control programs.

Aedes↗

PubMed1999

The durability of parylene coatings on neodymium-iron-boron magnets.

A parylene coating is frequently used to prevent corrosion of neodymium-iron-boron magnets when they are used intra-orally. This in vitro study was designed to test the durability of parylene coating in a simulated oral environment. Single and double parylene-coated magnets were subjected to grinding and crushing forces in an industrial ball mill. The results demonstrate that abrasion and wear was visible around the edges after 1 hour of testing, with a breach of the coating noted under high magnification scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The conclusion of the study is that parylene coating is unlikely to withstand intra-oral forces. The shape of the magnets, the manufacturing process involved in their production, and the thickness of the parylene coating are important factors to consider with respect to the durability of magnets used in the mouth.

Boron↗

PubMed1999

Field efficacy of fipronil 3G, lambda-cyhalothrin 10%CS, and sumithion 50EC against the dengue vector Aedes albopictus in discarded tires.

The efficacy of three insecticides, fipronil 3G, lambda-cyhalothrin 10%CS, and sumithion 50EC were evaluated against the dengue vector Aedes albopictus in discarded tires in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The dosage given for each insecticide was 0.01 g of active ingredient/m2. Fipronil 3G was the most effective larvicide with a residual activity of up to two weeks, causing 88% mortality in Aedes albopictus. Lambda-cyhalothrin 10%CS was effective for one week causing 92% larval mortality and two weeks with 63% larval mortality. Sumithion 50EC had a residual efficacy of one week with 79% larval mortality.

Aedes↗

PubMed1998

A randomized trial of three iron dextran infusion methods for anemia in EPO-treated dialysis patients.

Forty-three hemodialysis patients receiving recombinant erythropoietin (rHuEPO, epoietin alpha) were randomized to receive intravenous iron dextran as a total-dose infusion, 500-mg infusion to total dose, or 100-mg bolus to total dose, in each case during the dialysis procedure. The dose of iron dextran was calculated from the patient's existing hemoglobin to achieve a desired hemoglobin. Patients were eligible to receive intravenous iron dextran if they had a serum ferritin of < or = 100 ng/mL or a serum ferritin of 100 to 200 ng/mL, along with a transferrin saturation of < or = 19%. Patients were excluded if they had prior therapy with iron dextran, aluminum intoxication, or transfusion during the study. The time to the maximum hemoglobin, acute adverse reactions, and delayed adverse reactions were analyzed statistically, and no differences were seen in any of the three groups. Total-dose intravenous iron dextran infusion is safe, convenient, less expensive, and as efficacious as divided-dose infusions.

Anemia↗

PubMed1998

Field evaluation of cyfluthrin and malathion 96 TG ULV spraying at high-rise flats on dengue vectors in Malaysia.

Cyfluthrin (Solfac ULO15) and malathion 96 TG were evaluated against sentinel sugar-fed adults and 4th-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti at high-rise flats in Malaysia by ULV spraying. The impact of both insecticides on field populations of Aedes spp. (Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus) larvae were monitored weekly using containers. Both cyfluthrin and malathion 96 TG showed adulticidal effects but cyfluthrin showed more significant larvicidal effect than malathion 96 TG (P < 0.05).

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Field evaluation of Vectobac G, Vectobac 12AS and Bactimos WP against the dengue vector Aedes albopictus in tires.

The efficacy of three formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis was studied against Aedes albopictus in discarded tires. The formulations were: Vectobac G (corn cob formulation), Vectobac 12AS (aqueous suspension), and Bactimos WP (wettable powder formulation). Both Vectobac G and Vectobac 12AS were effective for 24 hr with more than 80% mortality. Both Vectobac formulations were significantly more effective than Bactimos WP for 24 hr after treatment (P < 0.0005). A week after treatment, Vectobac 12AS was significantly different than Bactimos WP (P < 0.05). However, Vectobac G did not differ significantly from Bactimos WP (P > 0.05); two weeks after spraying there was no significant difference among the various formulations (P > 0.05).

Aedes↗

PubMed1996

Biosocial perspective of consanguineous marriages in rural and urban Swat, Pakistan.

Consanguineous marriages in two population samples, one rural and one urban, from Swat (Pakistan) were studied. The frequency of consanguineous marriages was found to be 37.13% and 31.11%, and mean inbreeding coefficients were calculated as 0.0168 and 0.0162, for the rural and urban populations respectively. The most frequent type of marriage was between first cousins, in both samples. Among first cousin marriages, those with father's brother's daughter were predominant. Mean inbreeding coefficient was higher for higher socioeconomic groups in both samples. Differences by ethnic and educational groups were also found. Contrary to previous studies, a significant increase in the incidence of consanguineous marriages over the years has been observed. The incidence of premature mortality was significantly higher only in the offspring of first cousin marriages. Significantly higher incidence of morbidity in the offspring of consanguineous marriages was also observed.

Congenital Abnormalities↗

PubMed1996

Relationship between Breteau and House indices and cases of dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

The relationship between the Breteau index, the House index, and the occurrence of dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever in the 6 zones of Kuala Lumpur was studied throughout 1994. Cases of dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever varied between zones and between months, ranging from 0 to 21 cases. In most of the zones in Kuala Lumpur, the occurrence of dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever has no relationship with the Breteau and House indices. Cases of dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever occurred in all zones despite the low Breteau and House indices.

Aedes↗

PubMed1995

[Aponeurotic suspension of the bladder neck as elective treatment of minimal stress urinary incontinence in women].

To correct urine incontinence at minimal exertion in woman, most especially in those who have undergone unsuccessful vaginal techniques, we advice the aponeurotic suspension of the vesical cervix, with anchorage, in fixed tissue (Cooper's ligament or ischiopubic branch) in order to avoid displacement of the supporting band and new drops of the vesical cervix, with incontinence relapse in the long run. Since 1983 this procedure has been performed in 400 women, with various degrees of urinary incontinence on exertion, 140 of whom had previously undergone other procedures. Our results have been completely successful in 383 patient who at year from surgery no longer presented urinary incontinence of any degree. These good results lead us to recommend this procedure as the most suitable to solve urinary incontinence at minimal exertion, relapses and that associated to feeling of urgency in many occasions.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Cytokine responsiveness in germfree and conventional NMRI mice.

We have investigated the proliferative response of thymocytes from different mouse strains to cytokines in vitro. Interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4 and IL-7 induced proliferation of thymocytes from NMRI/KI (a locally bred NMRI mouse strain), NMRI/H ('traditional' NMRI mice), C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeN mice. NMRI/KI thymocytes showed the most prominent proliferation in response to IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta. IL-3, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), inhibin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced no thymocyte proliferation. Germfree NMRI/KI mouse thymocytes showed a significantly lower proliferation in response to IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta than conventional mice. Rat tissues, previously shown to contain lymphocyte activating factors (LAFs), were also tested. Skin, tongue, esophagus, proventricular stomach, testis and placenta were all positive in the LAF assay utilizing NMRI/KI thymocytes, whereas none of the tissue extracts could induce proliferation in NMRI/H thymocytes. The higher cytokine responsiveness in conventional mice compared with germfree might suggest that exposure to microflora induces a higher state of activation of the immune system. The LAF assay, utilizing NMRI/KI thymocytes, is a highly sensitive IL-1 bioassay with a detection level of 1 pg/ml for IL-1 beta and 2 pg/ml for IL-1 alpha. The specificity of the assay is increased by utilizing NMRI/H mice to exclude the presence of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-7.

Animals↗