[Psychotropic drugs and sexual dysfunction].
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Female↗
Biomedical subjects
A Weizman
Publications and source records attributed to A Weizman.
Decreased platelet imipramine binding in Tourette syndrome children with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
[3H]Imipramine binding to blood platelets was assessed in eight untreated Tourette syndrome (TS) children, nine drug-free TS children with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and nine age-matched and gender-matched control subjects. The density of [3H]imipramine binding sites in TS + OCD patients was significantly lower compared with TS-OCD patients (28%) as well as when compared with controls (31%). This alteration was not accompanied by differences in the affinity of the binding site to the ligand. The decreased density of the platelet serotonin "transporter" might implicate the involvement of the serotonergic system in the pathophysiology of OCD in TS patients, but not in TS per se.
Adolescent↗
Testosterone prevents castration-induced reduction in peripheral benzodiazepine receptors in Cowper's gland and adrenal.
The effect of surgical castration of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats on peripheral and central benzodiazepine (BZ) receptors was studied. Following removal of the testes, a significant decrease in the density of peripheral BZ receptors (PBR) was observed in Cowper's glands (71%; P less than 0.005) and the adrenal (31%; P less than 0.01), but not in the heart. Administration of testosterone acetate (TA) prevented castration-induced PBR depletion. Orchiectomy per se, as well as TA administration to castrated rats, had no effect on central or peripheral BZ receptors in whole brain without the cerebellum. These results indicate the regulatory role of testosterone in the regulation of PBR in Cowper's glands and adrenal.
Adrenal Glands↗
Neuroendocrine response to trihexyphenidyl in depressed patients.
The effect of a single dose (10 mg P.O.) of trihexyphenidyl (THP) on plasma cortisol, growth hormone (GH), and immunoreactive beta-endorphin (ir-beta-EP) was studied in seven major depressed patients and seven controls. GH secretion was suppressed (34-41%) by THP in both groups. THP did not affect cortisol secretion in depressed patients and controls. An increase (18%; p less than 0.05) in plasma ir-beta-EP levels was detected in the healthy subjects only. The results of this study do not support the hypothesized altered responsiveness to anticholinergic provocation in major depression. The inhibitory activity of THP on GH secretion indicates the involvement of the cholinergic system in the regulation of GH release in humans.
Adult↗
Elevated plasma immunoreactive beta-endorphin in anorexia nervosa.
Basal morning plasma levels of immunoreactive-beta-endorphin (ir-beta-EP), and 17-beta estradiol (E2) were assessed in 25 adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) in comparison to 24 healthy controls. All subjects were drug free for at least 6 weeks. The mean plasma level of ir-beta-EP was significantly higher (84%) in the AN patients when compared with the control subjects. The elevated plasma ir-beta-EP may be relevant to the suppression of appetite, tolerance of fasting, and to the hypothalamic hypogonadism in AN.
Adolescent↗
An epidemiological study of obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders in Israeli adolescents.
Five hundred and sixty-two, 16- to 17-year-old consecutive inductees into the Israeli Army, constituting a random sample of their cohort, were screened for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Tourette's syndrome, transient tics (TT), chronic multiple tics (CMT), and attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD). Two child psychiatrists interviewed the subjects, using screening items from structured interviews that implement DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria. For OCD, a point prevalence of 3.6% was found, 3.9% for ADHD, 1.8% for CMT, and 1.6% for TT. For ADHD, TT, and CMT, but not for OCD, there was a significantly higher prevalence for males than for females. Among the OCD individuals, there was an elevation of TT, CMT, and Tourette's syndrome relative to the population rates.
Adolescent↗
alpha-Tocopherol treatment for tardive dyskinesia.
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Adult↗
Acute transient stress-induced hallucinations in soldiers.
Three cases of stress-induced hallucinations in young soldiers are described. The hallucinatory experience was not accompanied by gross psychopathology. The phenomenology and psychopathological implications of hallucinations following exposure to environmental stress are discussed.
Adolescent↗
Risk for definite neuroleptic malignant syndrome. A prospective study in 223 consecutive in-patients.
The occurrence of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) was studied prospectively in two series of consecutive psychiatric in-patients (n = 223). The first group (n = 120) suffered from schizophrenia and was treated only with haloperidol. The second group (n = 103) was treated with diverse neuroleptics. All patients were on a single antipsychotic agent with no anticholinergic drug as prophylaxis. The incidence of full NMS per admission and first neuroleptic exposure was 5/223 (2.2%). Patients with bipolar affective disorder and those treated with injections were significantly over-represented in the NMS group.
Administration, Oral↗
Disulfiram and diethyldithiocarbamate are competitive inhibitors at the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor.
In the present study in vitro interactions of disulfiram (an agent used to induce ethanol intolerance in alcoholics), diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), and metronidazole with central benzodiazepine receptors (CBR) and peripheral benzodiazepine (BZ) receptors (PBR) were investigated in rat tissues. Disulfiram displaced specific binding of [3H]PK 11195 from PBR in the cerebral cortex with an IC50 value of 5 x 10(-7) M. The binding of [3H]PK 11195 and [3H]Ro 5-4864 to PBR in the kidney was displaced by disulfiram with IC50 values of 7 x 10(-7) and 2 x 10(-7) M, respectively. DDC displaced [3H]PK 11195 binding to kidney membranes with an IC50 value of 5 x 10(-5) M. Binding of [3H] flunitrazepam to CBR in the cerebral cortex was not affected by either disulfiram or DDC. Metronidazole (up to 10(-4) M), a disulfiram congener, did not affect [3H]flunitrazepam (FNZ) and [3H] PK 11195 binding to CBR and PBR, respectively. Scatchard analysis of [3H]PK 11195 binding to kidney membranes, performed in the absence or presence of 7 x 10(-7) M disulfiram, decreased ligand affinity without influencing the maximal number of binding sites, suggesting a competitive inhibition. Beta-Mercaptoethanol (2 x 10(-2) M), which blocks the inhibitory activity of disulfiram and DDC at the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, did not affect the inhibitory potency of disulfiram at the kidney PBR. Removal of disulfiram from kidney by repeated washing with Tris-HCl buffer resulted in the restoration of binding properties to control values, suggesting reversibility of disulfiram binding to PBR.
Animals↗
A population-based epidemiological study of Tourette syndrome among adolescents in Israel.
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Adolescent↗
[Withdrawal reactions after clomipramine].
Abrupt or gradual discontinuation of tricyclic antidepressants may precipitate withdrawal symptoms. The most common of these are general somatic or gastrointestinal distress, anxiety and agitation, sleep disturbance, akathisia, parkinsonism, paradoxical behavioral activation and mania. There are very few reports of withdrawal reactions following discontinuation of clomipramine since it has not been in use in the US until recently. 2 patients with withdrawal symptoms following discontinuation of clomipramine are presented. A 45-year-old man had general somatic symptoms, including headache, myalgia, weakness, fatigue (flu-like syndrome) and nervousness and insomnia after clomipramine, 75 mg/d, had been discontinued abruptly. All symptoms disappeared without treatment after 3 days. A 47-year-old woman presented mainly with severe insomnia, anxiety, agitation, jitteriness and tension after discontinuing a low dose of 25 mg/d of clomipramine. Symptoms disappeared after she started self-treatment with 50 mg/d of the drug. It is important to differentiate withdrawal symptoms from relapse of the primary psychiatric disorder.
Anxiety↗
Delayed amnesia and disorientation after electroconvulsive treatment.
Memory-related effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are known to appear immediately after the treatment. The case of a 39-year-old woman who underwent a course of ECT because of a recurrent major depressive disorder is described. After a symptom-free period of 48 hours, transient amnesia developed. Her condition appeared to be associated with the electroconvulsive therapy, thereby raising questions about its pathogenicity and management.
Adult↗
Platelet peripheral benzodiazepine receptors in repeated stress.
[3H]PK 11195 binding to platelet membranes and plasma stress hormones were studied in soldiers at the beginning of a parachute training course, following 6 days of preparatory exercises, and after the fourth actual parachute jump. A slight reduction (15%; NS) in the number of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors (PBR) was detected at the end of the exercise period, prior to the first jump. Reduced (26%; P less than 0.05) density of PBR was observed immediately after the repeated actual jumps. Equilibrium dissociation constants were not affected by the stressful situation. Plasma cortisol and prolactin levels remained unaltered during the entire study period.
Adolescent↗
Peripheral benzodiazepine receptors on platelets in chronic and detoxified alcoholics.
The effect of chronic alcoholism and detoxification treatment with disulfiram on platelet peripheral benzodiazepine receptors was studied in alcoholic males. Chronic consumption of alcohol did not alter the binding values for [3H]PK 11195, as compared to non-alcoholics. Treatment for 3 weeks with disulfiram resulted in a significant increase in the density of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors, with no alteration in the affinity of these sites to the ligand. These results might be relevant to the cellular and metabolic effects of disulfiram.
Adult↗
TRH stimulation test in obsessive-compulsive patients.
Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL), and growth hormone (GH) levels were measured before and after stimulation with 200 micrograms of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) in 10 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and in 10 control subjects. There were significantly more blunted TSH responses among OCD patients than control subjects. PRL and GH responses to TRH challenge did not differ between OCD patients and controls. These results may indicate dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in OCD.
Adult↗
Behavioral profile and social competence in temporal lobe epilepsy of adolescence.
A group of 26 adolescents with temporal lobe epilepsy was compared with a matched control group of 26 adolescents with chronic bronchial asthma as well as with a group of 90 healthy adolescents, using the social competence measure and the behavior profile of the Child Behavior Checklist. Both chronically ill groups exhibited more social and behavioral problems than the healthy adolescents but were similar to each other on the social and behavioral profiles. The one area in which the temporal lobe epilepsy and asthmatic groups differed from one another was that of "schizoid" psychopathology in male subjects.
Adolescent↗
Haloperidol and lithium carbonate treatment did not influence serum immunoglobulin levels in schizophrenic and affective patients.
Serum immunoglobulin levels were studied in 153 psychiatric patients (87 schizophrenic, 48 bipolar and 18 unipolar patients), and 35 healthy controls. Psychotropic treatments (haloperidol in the schizophrenic patients and lithium in the bipolar affective patients) did not alter serum immunoglobulin levels. Decreased mean IgM serum level was detected in the major affective patients (unipolar and bipolar) compared with normal controls. Nonspecific environmental, infectious, autoimmune and emotional factors that can play a role in the alterations obtained in psychiatric patients are discussed.
Adolescent↗