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A While

Publications and source records attributed to A While.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

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Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

A case for case studies: exploring the use of case study design in community nursing research.

The case study has become an accepted vehicle for conducting research in a variety of disciplines. However, the meaning behind the term is not always made explicit by researchers and this has given rise to a number of assumptions which are open to challenge, and to questions about the robustness of the method. This paper explores some of the issues arising from one particular definition of case study research, used in a study by Yin which examined the practice of case management in community nursing. Four main areas are discussed. First, defining 'case' is seen to pose questions about the relationship of the phenomenon to its context, the degree of researcher control over case definition, the limits to what may constitute a 'case' and what is meant by the term 'unit of analysis'. Second, the relevance of external validity to case study research is supported through the use of a number of tactics, in particular Yin's concept of replication logic, which involves generalizing to theory, rather than to empirical data. Third, the use of method triangulation (multiple methods of data collection) is advanced as a means of enhancing construct validity in research where data converge around a particular theory. Finally, the relationship of the case study to theory construction, through the prior development of 'propositions' is discussed. Each of these issues is applied to the design and conduct of a research study based closely on Yin's multiple case study framework. Thirteen 'cases' were selected of case management practice and data were collected through interviews and examination of literature and documentation, to explore the suitability of community nurses for the role. It is concluded that, given the appropriate subject matter, context and research aims, the case study method may be seen as a credible option in nursing research.

Case Management↗
PubMed2000

Team work and collaboration: the position of district nursing 1948-1974.

Much has been written regarding the challenges facing district nursing in light of the constant change and development of the NHS. This paper follows the chronological development of district nursing up to the reorganization of the NHS in 1974. The paper commences with a brief outline of the origins of district nursing as a charitable activity before the inception of the NHS and moves on to consider the relationship between district nurses and general practitioners. A review of policy and legislation identifies that district nurses, in the early days of the NHS, were working for the GP, no longer an autonomous practitioner of a charitable organization. Other challenges experienced by district nurses included being employed by the Local Health Authority, a separate organization to the NHS. By exploring the clinical practice of district nurses, alongside the management and organization of district nursing it is possible to critically discuss the challenges facing district nurses in the current health care climate of teamwork and collaboration.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1999

Efficacy of supplementary intracameral lidocaine in routine phacoemulsification under topical anesthesia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the routine use of supplementary intracameral lidocaine has any benefit over topical anesthesia alone when performing phacoemulsification surgery. DESIGN: A prospective single-center, randomized, double-masked, clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 204 patients undergoing phacoemulsification surgery with lens implantation under planned topical anesthesia. METHODS: Patients were randomly allocated to receive either topical anesthesia plus 0.5 ml intracameral balanced salt solution or topical anesthesia plus 0.5 ml preservative-free 1% intracameral lidocaine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: On the day after surgery, patients were asked to document the discomfort they had experienced using a visual analog scale. Intraoperative discomfort, postoperative discomfort, and discomfort caused by the microscope light were assessed. RESULTS: Multiple linear regression analysis did not show any significant relationship between the use of intracameral lidocaine and either intraoperative (P = 0.34) or postoperative (P = 0.45) pain scores. There was a small reduction in the discomfort caused by the operating microscope when intracameral lidocaine was used (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the routine use of intracameral lidocaine as a supplement to topical anesthesia was shown not to have a clinically useful role.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Reflections on nursing as a career choice.

AIM: The study sought to explore (1) reasons for choosing nursing as a career; (2) expectations, if any, of nursing; (3) whether those expectations had been realized; (4) how such expectations had been met or could be met. BACKGROUND: Nursing recruitment and retention are of central concern to health care. The Audit Commission have highlighted the costs of 'preventable' staff attrition and suggested that staff turnover may be minimized if staff policies reflected an understanding of the views and aspirations of staff. METHOD: A semi-structured interview survey was conducted with a quota sample of undergraduates attending one university (n = 40). Different course groups were represented. FINDINGS: Satisfaction of caring for people together with long-term desire to nurse emerged as important factors influencing career choice. Expectations included working in a caring team and having a satisfying career. Conflict experienced in the clinical setting, disappointment over the treatment of nurses and changes within the NHS and nursing were considered among the factors detracting from nursing as a career. CONCLUSION: Health care management must recognize issues of concern to nurses and develop policies which make nurses feel valued.

Altruism↗