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Biomedical subjects

A Yajima

Publications and source records attributed to A Yajima.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Blood gas profiles of fetuses with abnormal Doppler flow in the umbilical artery.

This study was designed to show how accurately the pulsed Doppler fetal blood flow velocimetry reflects fetal blood gas values. Abnormal Doppler umbilical artery (UA) velocimetry was defined when the value deviated from the 95% confidence interval of the normal fetuses. Fetal acidemia, hypoxemia, or hypercapnia was defined when the fetal blood gas taken by funipuncture during pregnancy deviated from the 95% confidence interval of the standard. Positive predictive values of abnormal UA Doppler with acidemia, hypoxemia, and hypercapnia were 26.3, 29.2, and 25.4%, respectively. When an absence or reversal of diastolic flow was observed, positive predictive values of absence or reversal of UA Doppler were 71.4 for acidemia, 71.4 for hypercapnia, and 71.4 for hypoxemia. In conclusion, although it is difficult to presume the fetal blood gas profile by Doppler velocimetry alone, we have to recognize the deterioration of the fetal blood gas profile when we observe the absence or reversal in diastolic flow in the UA.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1996

Expression of growth hormone receptor in mouse preimplantation embryos.

Growth hormone (GH) is believed to be involved in reproductive function. Recent reports demonstrate the presence of the growth hormone receptors (GHR) in reproductive organs and fetal tissues suggesting that the contribution of GH to reproductive phenomena may be mediated through GHR. In this study we assessed the expression of GHR in mouse preimplantation embryos using immunofluorescent staining with a monoclonal antibody directed against GHR. The messenger RNA (mRNA) for GHR was investigated in mouse preimplantation embryo by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The anti-GHR monoclonal antibody Mab 263 was detected by immunofluorescent staining after the compaction of the morula stage. GHR mRNA transcript was identified in 8-cell stage embryos. Our findings indicate that GHR is localized in mouse preimplantation embryos, and suggests that GH has a direct effect on preimplantation embryos mediated by GHR.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Immunohistochemical study of steroidogenesis and cell proliferation in polycystic ovarian syndrome.

We evaluated the immunolocalization of the steroidogenic enzymes involved in the production of ovarian steroids, including the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), 17alpha-hydroxylase (P450c17) and aromatase (P450arom), oestrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR), a steroidogenic transcription factor. Ad4-binding protein (Ad4BP) and a cell cycle-related nuclear antigen, Ki67, in five patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Results were compared with those from normal cycling human ovaries to study in situ ovarian steroidogenesis and cell proliferation in polycystic ovaries (PCO). We classifed the follicles morphologically according to the development of granulosa types: type A, more than four layers (n = 7); type B, one to three layers (n = 11); and type C, theca interna cells only (n = 21). ER and P450arom were not observed in any of the follicles examined. In type A follicles, P450scc, 3beta-HSD, P450c17, AR and Ad4BP were observed in theca cells in all seven follicles examined, but the granulosa cells were positive only for Ad4BP (4/7) and AR (7/7). These immunohistolocalization patterns resembled those in non-selected antral follicles of normally cycling human ovaries. In theca cells from types B and C follicles, follicles positive for the steroidogenic enzymes, AR and Ad4BP were decreased in number. There were no significant differences between types A and B PCO follicles in the Ki67 labelling index of granulosa or theca cells, and between PCO and antral follicles from normally cycling human ovaries. Data demonstrate that the follicles of PCO are by no means atretic and are actively involved in both steroidogenesis and cell proliferation. The absence of ER and aromatase expression in the granulosa cells of PCO may be important in abnormal follicular development in patients with PCOS.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1996

Trisomy 18 mosaicism associated with secondary amenorrhea: ratios of mosaicism in different samples and complications.

A 28-year-old woman who complained of irregular menstruation was diagnosed as suffering from trisomy 18 mosaicism. She was karyotyped because of her characteristic face, mild mental retardation and aberrant hyperpigmentation of the skin. Her motor function was within normal range. Physical and laboratory examinations, however, revealed obesity, short stature, minor anomalies of the fingers, many areas of hyperpigmentation on the trunk and the hips, hypergonadotropinemia, diabetes mellitus, liver dysfunction, and hyperlipidemia. The ratios of normal/trisomy 18 were 4:135 in blood lymphocytes, 3:11 in a hyperpigmented area of the skin, 20:0 in a normally pigmented area of the skin, and 14:6 in ascitic cells. Laparoscopy revealed that her ovaries contained neither follicles nor germ cells.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1996

Multilocular peritoneal inclusion cysts (benign cystic mesothelioma): a case report.

We report a case of a rare lesion, a multilocular peritoneal inclusion cyst (MPIC), and describe in detail its appearance on MRI. A young woman with pain of the lower abdomen underwent surgical removal of a mass that was histologically diagnosed as an MPIC. The characteristic MRI features were a multilocular cystic mass with thin septa in the pelvic cavity, located both anterior and posterior to the uterus and the adnexa, showing hypointensity of the cyst contents on T1 images and variable hyperintense signals on T2 images.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Power spectral analysis for autonomic influences in heart rate and blood pressure variability in fetal lambs.

Variability of R-R intervals and arterial blood pressure signals in chronically instrumented fetal lambs was analyzed by power spectral analysis based on an assumption of maximum entropy. There were four consistent components, very low (VL, 0.01-0.025 cycle/beat), low (L, 0.025-0.125 cycle/beat), middle (M, 0.125-0.2 cycle/beat), and high (H, 0.2-0.5 cycle/beat), in the normal heart rate variability and blood pressure spectra. Integrated peaks in the power spectrum were compared before and after the administration of sympathetic and parasympathetic blockades. beta-Sympathetic blockade reduced the spectral power in the VL and L frequency components. alpha-Sympathetic blockade reduced only the M frequency component in the spectrum of R-R interval variability. Parasympathetic blockade reduced the H and L frequency components in the R-R interval variability spectrum but increased these components in the systolic blood pressure variability spectrum. The results clearly demonstrate the association between fetal autonomic activity and change of power spectrum of heart rate and blood pressure variability.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Structural aberrations of metaphase derivative chromosomes from reciprocal translocations as revealed by scanning electron microscopy.

Metaphase chromosomes from three reciprocal translocation carriers were examined by scanning electron microscopy. A gap was detected in one of the two derivative chromosomes in each carrier. The position of each gap was identical with that of the respective breakpoint of the derivative chromosome to which the longer chromosome fragment was translocated. The gap length resembled a midsize G-band. Our observations suggest that derivative chromosomes of reciprocal translocations involve aberrations of a high-ordered structure of chromatid fibers at the translocation sites.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1996

Spectral analysis of beat-to-beat intervals of the fetal heart obtained by Doppler ultrasound.

Fetal heart rate monitoring has been widely used for the early investigation of the fetal outcome in current clinical settings. Interpretation of fetal heart rate tracing is sometimes indecisive, especially when the fetus is premature. In contrast to adults, the frequency analysis of fetal heart rate fluctuations has been unsuccessful. In this study, we succeeded in nonstationary frequency analysis of fetal heart rate fluctuations, using noninvasive Doppler ultrasound to measure beat-to-beat intervals of fetuses. We used an autoregressive method based on a 24-cycle stationarity. A dual peak was observed in the range of 0-0.125 cycles/beat from at least 20 weeks of gestation which increased in the resting state with gestational age. The peak area increased remarkably with fetal movement. The integrated value of the peak area will provide a powerful approach to the understanding of the development of fetal autonomic function and to a new fetal monitoring.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1996

Cell turnover in normal cycling human ovary.

We investigated cell proliferation and apoptosis in 37 normal cycling human ovaries to determine cell turnover in the various stages of follicular and luteal development. We examined cell proliferation by immunostaining for both Ki67 and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and by silver staining of nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs). Apoptosis was examined by 3'-hydroxy nick-end labeling and by immunostaining of an apoptosis-related antigen, Ley. The labeling indexes of Ki67, PCNA, and AgNORs were significantly increased in antral follicles. However, there were no significant differences in the labeling index of Ki67, PCNA, and AgNORs between dominant and nondominant follicles, including nonovulated follicles in the luteal phase. These results indicate that the transformation of granulosa cells from quiescence to active growth is important in early folliculogenesis. Immunoreactivity for Ki67 and PCNA were observed predominantly in the functioning corpus luteum, but not in the degenerating corpus luteum, indicating proliferation only during the luteal phase. Immunoreactivity for Ley and nick end-labeling reactive cells were not observed in the follicular and luteal phases, except for scattered cells in the degenerating corpus luteum. This may be because of the relatively long process of human follicular growth and atresia.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1996

Flow cytometric DNA analysis of abnormal endometrium.

Samples of abnormal endometrium, which were composed of 5 cases of atypical hyperplasia (ATH), 12 cases of well differentiated adenocarcinoma (G1), 17 cases of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (G2), 11 cases of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (G3) and 2 cases of serous papillary adenocarcinoma (SPA), were analyzed by flow cytometry. With respect to the ploidy level, all cases of both ATH and G1 showed diploidy, and the proliferative index (PI) was 14.32 and 16.33, respectively. In contrast, 3 of G2 cases, 3 of G3 cases and all of SPA cases showed aneuploid patterns, and the PI was 21.06, 27.91 and 31.52, respectively. There were statistical differences between the former group and the latter group as to both the ploidy and the PI. It was found that ATH and G1 had similar biological behavior.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Indications for laparoscopic surgery of ovarian tumors.

To investigate the criteria for laparoscopic surgery in ovarian tumors, a retrospective review of indications, preoperative assessments using transvaginal ultrasonography, serum CA 125, surgical methods and diagnosis and post-operative complications were analyzed. Forty-three patients underwent surgical treatment for ovarian tumors, from November 1992 to October 1993. Of the 43 patients with ovarian tumors, 19 (44%) underwent laparoscopic surgery, and 24 (56%) underwent laparotomy. Laparoscopic surgery was performed in 18 of 34 (53%) patients with benign ovarian cysts. Eight patients with malignant ovarian tumors were treated by laparotomy. Coincidence of preoperative assessment and surgical diagnosis was 95%. No major complications were observed in the laparoscopic surgery. We suggest that malignant ovarian tumors and inextricable adhesions are contraindications to laparoscopic surgery. We propose the following criteria for laparoscopic surgery by classification into three groups: A) good indication: benign cystic tumors with good mobility, B) deliberation indication: benign tumors with poor mobility, including some dermoid cysts and endometrial cysts, C) contraindication: malignant tumors and dense adhesions. We conclude that indications of laparoscopic surgery for ovarian tumors should be determined by careful preoperative assessment using transvaginal ultrasonography and tumor markers.

CA-125 Antigen↗
PubMed1996

Resident gynecologists and total hysterectomy.

We examined the specific number of surgeries necessary for a three-year obstetrics and gynecology resident to acquire proficiency in two types of hysterectomies. Improvement in the technical skills of the residents was assessed using surgical time and blood loss, and resected tumor weight was chosen as the factor representing the difficulty of the surgery. Regarding abdominal total hysterectomy (ATH), early residents (less than 25 ATH experience) performed relatively easier surgeries, and improvement in technical skill was manifested as reduced blood loss by mid residents (25 to 49 ATH) and as shortened surgical time by later residents (75 or more ATH). Regarding vaginal total hysterectomy (VTH), blood loss for earlier residents (less than 15 VTH) was greater than that for the staff, and there was a significant difference between staff surgical time and that for each resident group. These data suggest that performing more than 75 ATH during the residency period of three years is adequate to establish proficiency in this type of surgery, but that the execution of 25 VTH is insufficient and that residents require more training to learn VTH.

Blood Loss, Surgical↗
PubMed1996

Juvenile adenomyotic cyst of the corpus uteri with dysmenorrhea.

The clinical and pathological features of an apparently unique case of an endometrial cyst of the uterus are reported. The cyst was located within the myometrium of a 16-year-old woman suffering from dysmenorrhea. After excision of the cyst, patient's symptoms improved. On histological examination, the cyst most closely resembled an adenomyotic cyst.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Scanning electron microscopy of fragmentary marker chromosomes observed by light microscopy.

To study the fine structure of fragmentary marker chromosomes, we performed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on samples isolated from two carriers (Case 1: 46, XY/47, XY, +mar/48, XY, +mar, +mar; Case 2: 47, XY, +mar). In both cases, light microscopic observation revealed that marker chromosomes lacked a centromere and were fragmented in appearance. However, SEM observation of the metaphasic cells in both cases showed three variations. One variation was a structure that seemed to be metacentric, another was a structure that seemed to be submetacentric, and the remaining one was essentially fragmentary. However, neither the usual chromatid nor centromere formations were observed in the metacentric-like and submetacentric-like structures, even when both cases were observed by SEM. Moreover, the marker chromosomes of the boy of Case I, who suffered from various clinical troubles, included a greater population of metacentric-like or submetacentric-like structures than of essentially fragmentary structures. The marker chromosomes of the fetus of Case 2, who suffered from no clinical problems, included a much greater population of essentially fragmentary structures than metacentric-like or submetacentric like structures. Therefore, SEM observation of fragmentary marker chromosomes that are visible on light microscopy might be used to define specific structures. Moreover, SEM observation might provide clinical criteria relating to the pathogenesis of fragmentary marker chromosomes found on light microscopy.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1996

Peripheral neuroepithelioma (peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor) of the uterine cervix.

We report here a case of peripheral neuroepithelioma arising in the uterine cervix. A 44-year-old female had complained of irregular genital bleeding for several months and was diagnosed as extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma (EOE) from biopsy specimens initially. The tumor cells, which were intensely stained by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and digested with diastase, were uniformly small and round, had hyperchromatic nuclei and scant, indistinct cytoplasm. The surgically-removed tumor cells were immunohistochemically stained with antisera against neuro-specific enolase (NSE), tyrosine hydroxylase. In ultrastructural study, neurosecretory granules were observed. Finally we diagnosed this case as peripheral neuroepithelioma (peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor, PNET).

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Is direct cell-to-cell contact needed to improve embryonic development in co-culture?

In vitro co-culture of embryos and somatic cells is used to obtain well-developed embryos of humans and other species. However, it is not known whether direct cell-to-cell contact is essential to embryonic development. To elucidate this mechanism, we cultured mouse embryos using rabbit oviductal cell as a somatic cell. To avoid the direct contact we used a microporous membrane cell-culture insert. This cell-culture insert permits only the liquid portion of the culture medium to pass through it and was interposed between mouse embryos and cultured rabbit oviductal cells. When mouse embryos were placed on the cultured oviductal cells directly, 52.2% of two-cell-stage embryos developed to the blastocyst stage. In contrast, when the cell-culture insert was interposed between the embryos and the cultured oviductal cells, 50.0% of two-cell-stage embryos developed to that stage. There was no difference between the rate of blastocyst development in co-culture system with and without cell culture insert. Results indicate that oviductal factor (s), rather than a direct contact with oviductal cells, is essential to the enhancement of embryonic development in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Prevalence of HPV DNA in cervical lesions in patients from Ecuador and Japan.

Cervical cancer is about 6 times more frequent in Ecuador than in Japan. We investigated the association between infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and the genesis of cervical cancer in specimens of lesions of the cervical epithelium obtained from patients in Ecuador and Japan. We also examined the results of HPV DNA detection and typing by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) performed under the same technical conditions in areas with differing rates of cervical cancer. Purified tissue DNA from paraffin-embedded samples was amplified by PCR with universal and type-specific primers. HPV DNA was detected in 8 (20%) of 40 normal cervical epithelial samples from Ecuadorian patients, 19 (45%) of 42 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), 16 (50%) of 32 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), and 38 (81%) of 47 invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) compared with 3 (10%) of 30 normal cervical specimens from Japanese patients, 107 (51%) of 210 HSILs, and 45 (71%) of 63 SCCs. The prevalence of HPV types 16 and 18 rose significantly with increasing histological grade (p < 0.05). The prevalence of HPV DNA decreased with increasing age in both Ecuadorian and Japanese patients. The detection rate and type-specific distribution of HPV DNA were not correlated with geographic location. Findings suggest that risk factors associated with poverty and underdevelopment may influence the prevalence of HPV infection and the sequence of events after HPV infection culminating in cervical cancer. These factors may help to explain the differing geographic distribution of this disease.

Adult↗