Biomedical subjects

A Yamaguchi

Publications and source records attributed to A Yamaguchi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1996

An estrogen deficiency caused by ovariectomy increases plasma levels of systemic factors that stimulate proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in rats.

To investigate the pathogenesis of accelerated bone formation in estrogen deficiency, diffusion chambers containing osteoblast-like cells isolated from newborn rat calvariae were transplanted into the peritoneal cavity of sham-operated (sham), ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and OVX rats with supplement of 17 beta-estradiol (OVX + E2). Bone formation in the diffusion chambers transplanted into OVX rats was more accelerated than that transplanted into sham rats and OVX + E2 rats. Osteoblast-like cells cultured with the sera isolated from OVX rats exhibited higher levels of the DNA content in the culture wells, alkaline phosphatase activity, messenger RNA expression for alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, calcium content in the cell layer, and formation of bone-like nodules than those exposed to the sera from sham rats and OVX + E2 rats. Antibody against IGF-I almost completely inhibited the increase in DNA contents induced by the sera isolated from OVX rats but partially inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity. Adding IGF-I to the sera isolated from sham rats increased the DNA content to the same extent as that induced by the supplement with the sera from OVX rats but did not increase alkaline phosphatase activity appreciably. Addition of various concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6 to the sera isolated from sham rats did not increase the DNA content or alkaline phosphatase activity in the osteoblast-like cells. These results indicate that some systemic factor(s) other than IGF-I, IL-1, and IL-6 may be responsible for the stimulative effect on osteoblast differentiation in the pathogenesis of the accelerated bone formation induced by estrogen deficiency in rats.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1996

[Evaluation of preoperative chemotherapy for colorectal cancer].

Patients who underwent curative resection for colorectal cancer between January 1987 and June 1989 were divided into two groups, to assess the usefulness of preoperative chemotherapy (400 mg UFT therapy daily for 10 days more) and to analyze changes in the proliferative activity of tumor cells. Fifty-five cases were included in the study. Thirty-three had received no preoperative chemotherapy (Group A), and 22 had received the preoperative chemotherapy (group B). The five-year cumulative survival rate was 81.1% for group A and 90.2% for Group B. The proportion of patients with no recurrence was 75.7% in Group A and 85.7% in Group B. Both parameters thus tended to be better in patients who had received preoperative chemotherapy. When PCNA labeling before UFT therapy was compared with that after UFT therapy in 13 cases, the PCNA labeling rate decreased after UFT therapy in 9 (69%) of the 13 cases. These results suggest that preoperative chemotherapy using UFT is useful in treating colorectal cancer, and that the proliferative activity of colorectal cancer can sometimes be reduced by such preoperative adjuvant therapy.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1995

Reciprocal regulation by cyclic nucleotides of the differentiation of rat osteoblast-like cells and mineralization of nodules.

The effects of cAMP and cGMP on the differentiation of osteoblast-like cells derived from rat calvariae and on the formation of bone in vitro were studied. Continuous culture of osteoblast-like cells in the presence of 8-bromo-cyclic AMP (8-Br-cAMP) resulted in the dose-related inhibition both of the synthesis of cellular alkaline phosphatase (ALPase), which is known as a marker of osteoblastic differentiation, and of the formation of mineralized nodules, which is a model of the formation of bone in vitro. By contrast, 8-bromo-cyclic GMP (8-Br-cGMP) promoted the synthesis of ALPase and the formation of mineralized nodules. Northern blot analysis revealed that these cyclic nucleotides modulated the steady-state levels of mRNAs for ALPase and osteocalcin, a bone-matrix protein that is specifically produced by osteoblast. The present results indicate that cAMP and cGMP act reciprocally to regulate osteoblastic differentiation and the subsequent formation of mineralized nodules.

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗

PubMed1995

Reconstitution of the metal-tetracycline/H+ antiporter of Escherichia coli in proteoliposomes including F0F1-ATPase.

The tetracycline resistance gene (tetA) was cloned downstream of the lac promoter. When expression of the tetA gene in E. coli cells carrying the lac Iq gene was induced with isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside, the tetracycline resistance protein (TetA) was overproduced, amounting to about 30% of the integral cytoplasmic membrane protein. Essentially pure TetA protein could be obtained by solubilization with 1.25% n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside and one-step purification by DEAE Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. The TetA protein was incorporated into proteoliposomes with F0F1-ATPase. The proteoliposomes exhibited [3H]tetracycline transport dependent on ATP hydrolysis. The specific activity was about 2 nmol/mg protein/min. The proteoliposomes also showed H+ efflux coupled with tetracycline influx. Tetracycline/H+ antiport by proteoliposomes reconstituted with the Ser-65-->Cys mutant TetA protein was inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide. These results proved for the first time that the tetracycline/H+ antiport is only mediated by the TetA protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1995

Second-site suppressor mutations for the Asp-66-->Cys mutant of the transposon Tn10-encoded metal-tetracycline/H+ antiporter of Escherichia coli.

Asp66 is the only essential acidic residue in the putative hydrophilic loop2-3 region of the transposon Tn10-encoded metal-tetracycline/H+ antiporter [TetA(B)] [Yamaguchi, A., Nakatani, M., & Sawai, T. (1992a) Biochemistry 31, 8344-8348]. Escherichia coli cells producing a D66C mutant of TetA(B) showed no tetracycline resistance. A spontaneous second-site revertant was isolated from the cells carrying the D66C mutant gene, which showed moderate resistance to tetracycline [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 50 micrograms/mL]. The entire sequencing of the revertant genes revealed two secondary mutations, i.e., the codon 40 of GCT (Ala)-->GAT (Asp) and T-->G at 17 bases upstream from the initiation codon of the tetA gene. There was a T-->G mutation at position -17, which was a mutation in the tet promoter/operator region, which caused a decrease in TetA(B) production. The full expression of the A40D/D66C double and the A40D single mutants, which were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis, was deleterious for cell growth. The -17T-->G mutation mitigated the deleterious effect of these mutants through reduction of expression. The -17T-->G single mutation introduced into the wild-type tet gene did not affect the level of resistance, although the expression was significantly reduced. Intact cells carrying the A40D/D66C and -17T-->G/A40D/D66C mutant plasmids showed a reduced level of tetracycline accumulation due to active efflux, whereas no significant tetracycline uptake was observed in inverted membrane vesicles prepared from these mutant-producing cells. The A40D mutation is located at opposite side of the membrane to the D66C mutation in the putative secondary structure of TetA(B). The second-site mutation might mediate its effects through a structural perturbation propagated along the polypeptide backbone.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1995

A possible role of vitamin D receptors in regulating vitamin D activation in the kidney.

The vitamin D endocrine system is regulated reciprocally by renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1 alpha- and 24-hydroxylases. Previously, we reported that renal proximal convoluted tubules, the major site of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 production, have vitamin D receptors. In the presence of vitamin D receptors, renal proximal convoluted tubules cannot maintain the state of enhanced production of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. To clarify this discrepancy, we proposed a working hypothesis for the reciprocal control of renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1 alpha- and 24-hydroxylase activities. In rat models of enhanced renal production of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, expression of vitamin D receptors and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase mRNAs was strikingly suppressed in renal proximal convoluted tubules but not in the cortical collecting ducts. In vitamin D-deficient rats with up-regulated renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity, expression of vitamin D receptor mRNA in renal proximal convoluted tubules was also down-regulated, indicating that the down-regulation of vitamin D receptor mRNA is not the result of the enhanced production of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. In Japanese quail models with up-regulated renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity by sex steroids, expression of vitamin D receptor mRNA was also down-regulated in the kidney but not in the duodenum. These results suggest that the down-regulation of vitamin D receptors plays a critical role in production of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in renal proximal convoluted tubules.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

The tetracycline efflux protein encoded by the tet(K) gene from Staphylococcus aureus is a metal-tetracycline/H+ antiporter.

The tet(K) gene from Staphylococcus aureus was highly expressed in Escherichia coli by an alteration of its initiation codon from TTG to ATG and its ribosome-binding sequence from GAGG to GGAGG [Noguchi, N. et al. (1994) Biol. Pharm. Bull. 17, 352-355]. The inverted membrane vesicles prepared from the tet(K)-expressing cells showed respiration-dependent [3H]tetracycline transport comparable to the vesicles from the tet(B)-expressing cells. The affinity of Tet(K) vesicles to tetracycline was the same as that of Tet(B) vesicles, whereas the former Vmax value was about 60% of the latter one. Contrary to Tet(B) vesicles, Tet(K) vesicles showed no significant minocycline uptake, which was consistent with the low minocycline resistance of the Tet(K)-producing cells. The tetracycline transport mediated by Tet(K) vesicles was coupled with proton transport and the translocation of 60Co2+ ions as well as in Tet(B) vesicles. This observation indicates that the class K tetracycline resistance determinant from Gram-positive bacteria also encodes a metal-tetracycline/H+ antiporter that is functionally similar to that encoded by tet(B), although there is a considerable difference in the primary sequences and the putative topologies of these Tet proteins.

Antiporters↗

PubMed1995

Substrate-induced acceleration of N-ethylmaleimide reaction with the Cys-65 mutant of the transposon Tn10-encoded metal-tetracycline/H+ antiporter depends on the interaction of Asp-66 with the substrate.

We previously reported that the reaction of [14C]N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) with the S65C mutant of the transposon Tn10-encoded metal-tetracycline/H+ antiporter (TetA(B)) is competitively inhibited by tetracycline [Yamaguchi, A. et al., FEBS Lett. 322 (1993) 201-204]. However, this observation has been revealed to be a mistake. The reaction of [14C]NEM with S65C TetA(B) was significantly and reproducibly accelerated by tetracycline, i.e. not inhibited. When Asp-66 was replaced by Ala, the reaction of NEM with the Cys-65 residue was no longer affected by tetracycline. In contrast, when Arg-70 was replaced by Ala, the acceleration of the reaction was unaltered. The tetracycline acceleration of the reaction to the Cys-65 residue was further stimulated with energization of the membrane on the addition of NADH. On the other hand, the tetracycline-induced acceleration was not observed in the absence of a divalent cation. These observations indicated that the Cys-65 locus is exposed to the medium according to the interaction of a divalent cation-tetracycline chelation complex with Asp-66.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1995

Site-specificity of the second-site suppressor mutation of the Asp-285-->Asn mutant of metal-tetracycline/H+ antiporter of Escherichia coli and the effects of amino acid substitutions at the first and second sites.

The deleterious effect of the mutation of Asp-285 to Asn of the metal-tetracycline/H+ antiporter (TetA) of Escherichia coli is suppressed by the second-site mutation of Ala-220 to an acidic amino acid residue (Yamaguchi, A., O'yauchi, R., Someya, Y., & Sawai, T. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 26990-26995). In this study, site-specific second-site Glu mutants as to 11 different positions around position 220 were established from the Asp-285-->Asn mutant TetA protein. Among them, only the Ala-220-->Glu mutant completely suppressed the deleterious effect of the Asp-285-->Asn mutation, indicating that position 220 is highly specific for the suppression. Although E. coli cells producing second-site Glu mutants as to positions 213, 216, 217, 218, 219, 221, 222, and 223 of the Asn-285 mutant were as tetracycline sensitive as the host cells without TetA, Gly-224-->Glu and Pro-227-->Glu second-site mutants of the Asn-285 mutant conferred low-level tetracycline resistance, the levels decreasing in this order. These two positions and position 220 are on the same side of putative transmembrane helix VII. The Phe-289-->Asp mutation, which is located at a position one-alpha-helical-turn downstream from Asp-285 in the same putative helix, IX, did not suppress the Asn-285 mutation. The introduction of an acidic residue at the second site was essential for suppression of the Asn-285 mutation because Lys-220 and Gln-220 second-site mutants of the Asn-285 mutant showed very low tetracycline resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1995

Association of HLA-B39 with HLA-B27-negative ankylosing spondylitis and pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in Japanese patients. Evidence for a role of the peptide-anchoring B pocket.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of HLA-B27 that render susceptibility to seronegative spondylarthropathies. METHODS: Serologic HLA class I typing of Japanese patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), and healthy controls, was performed. HLA-B39 subtypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific oligohybridization. RESULTS: HLA-B27 was present in 40 of 48 patients with AS (83%), and in only 1 of 210 healthy controls (0.5%). Three of 8 patients (37.5%) who were negative for HLA-B27 were positive for HLA-B39, which was significantly higher compared with the HLA-B27-negative controls (6.2%; P = 0.01). Significant association with HLA-B39 was also noted in the JRA patients (16.7%; P < 0.01), especially in those patients with pauciarticular-onset disease (33.3%; P < 0.01). Ten of 13 HLA-B39-positive patients had subtype B*3901 and 3 had B*3902. CONCLUSION: Because HLA-B27 and HLA-B39 share Glu at position 45 and Cys at position 67, both of which constitute components of the peptide-anchoring B pocket, and because they possess similar peptide-ligand motifs, our results may support either the role of the peptides presented by class I antigens or the importance of Cys at position 67, in the development of spondylarthropathies and pauciarticular-onset JRA.

Arthritis, Juvenile↗

PubMed1995

Exercise at high temperature causes maternal hyperthermia and fetal anomalies in rats.

Hyperthermia is thought to be a teratogen in many animal species and also in humans. It has been reported that hyperthermia caused by sauna, hot tub, or fever during the early stages of pregnancy is related to an increased risk for neural tube defects. During exercise, especially in hot conditions, body temperature can also rise to fairly high levels. Thus, we can surmise that hyperthermia induced by exercise can also cause fetal malformation. To investigate this hypothesis, pregnant rats at 9 days of gestation were divided into four groups. In the first group, the animals were made to swim for 30 minutes in water at a temperature of 40.5 degrees C. In the second group, they were restrained and immersed in water for the same time at the same temperature. In the third group, the rats were forced to swim in water at 36.0 degrees C. The fourth group were controls. The core temperature of the rats was measured during these procedures. On the 18th gestational day, fetuses were extracted by cesarean section. The elevation of maternal core temperature was significantly greater in the first group than in the other groups. In the first group, 69% of fetuses had various external anomalies. No anomalies were found in the other groups. Our results show that exercise in hot conditions caused the elevation of core temperature and resulted in fetal anomalies in rats.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Regulation of differentiation pathway of skeletal mesenchymal cells in cell lines by transforming growth factor-beta superfamily.

The skeletal mesenchymal cells including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, muscle cells and adipocytes are believed to be derived from the common mesenchymal progenitors. Using various cell lines, multipotential mesenchymal progenitors capable of differentiating into these cell lineages have been demonstrated to be present in the skeletal tissues. The developmental potential of the progenitors becomes more restricted according to their maturation stages in the specialized cell lineages. Among the various growth factors, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), which belongs to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, plays an important role in the regulation of the differentiation pathway of these mesenchymal cells. BMP-2 induces the undifferentiated mesenchymal progenitors to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. BMP-2 also stimulates the committed osteo-chondroprogenitors to differentiate into more mature cell types, but inhibits myogenic cells to differentiate into myotubes. BMP-2 converts the differentiation pathway of C2C12 myoblasts into the osteogenic lineage associating with decreases in the expression levels of the muscle specific regulatory factors such as myogenin and MyoD. TGF-beta inhibits myotube formation in myogenic cell lines, but does not stimulate osteoblast differentiation. The TGF-beta superfamily plays important roles in the differentiation process of the skeletal mesenchymal cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Nonuniform changes in fibre types in the soleus muscle of the developing rat.

Muscle fibre composition among the proximal (25%), middle (50%) and distal (75%) regions of the rat soleus muscle at various ages were compared to investigate whether the region-specific changes in fibre types known to occur under nonphysiological conditions (i.e. electrical stimulation along with immobilization in a lengthened position) also occur in the developing muscle. In addition, we attempted to detect fibres with nonuniform histochemical properties in the different segments, processing with myofibrillar actomyosin adenosine triphosphatase after pre-incubation at pH 10.3 against successive cryosections (200 microns apart). Samples were obtained from 66 Wistar rats of both sexes ranging in age from 13 to 85 days and subdivided into age groups of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 12 weeks. The mass and length of the soleus muscle increased most significantly at age 3-4 and 2-4 weeks, respectively. The distal region had a significantly lower percentage of type I fibres than the middle region at age 3 weeks, than the proximal and middle regions at age 4 weeks. In addition, some fibres [0.7 (SD 0.5)% n = 19 +/- 13] possessing nonuniform histochemical properties in different segments were observed from the middle and distal region at age 4 weeks. These findings would suggest that transformations from type II to type I fibres in the soleus muscle of the developing rat occur from the proximal or middle segments.

Aging↗

PubMed1995

Left ventricular end-systolic volume index in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy predicts postoperative ventricular function.

BACKGROUND: We investigated the usefulness of the preoperative left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVI) as a predictor of postoperative ventricular function. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 310 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and identified 20 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy with a preoperative ejection fraction less than 0.30. We determined the preoperative and postoperative ejection fraction, LVESVI, and left ventricular enddiastolic volume index using biplane left cineventriculography. Patients were divided into groups depending on whether their preoperative LVESVI was less than 100 mL/m2 (group A, n = 10) or greater than 100 mL/m2 (group B, n = 10). RESULTS: The mean ejection fraction increased significantly after coronary artery bypass grafting in group A from 0.25 +/- 0.05 to 0.40 +/- 0.09 (p < 0.01), but did not change significantly in group B (0.26 +/- 0.05 versus 0.23 +/- 0.06). The mean LVESVI decreased significantly in group A from 83.2 +/- 13.7 to 61.7 +/- 20.4 mL/m2 after operation (p < 0.05), but did not change significantly in group B (124.7 +/- 21.0 versus 121.5 +/- 37.6 mL/m2). In group B, 4 patients had signs of congestive heart failure during the follow-up period and had to be rehospitalized. CONCLUSIONS: The mean ejection fraction improved significantly after coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with a preoperative LVESVI less than 100 mL/m2, despite the presence of a global left ventricular ejection fraction less than 0.30. Our results suggest that the preoperative LVESVI predicts the postoperative status and left ventricular function in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

Bone and brain involvement in a case of diffuse large B cell lymphoma associated with t(2;3)(p12;q27).

We report a 57-year-old male with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) associated with t(2;3)(p12;q27). The patient showed bone lesions at presentation and brain involvement at relapse in addition to systemic lymph node swelling. Histological diagnosis was malignant lymphoma, diffuse, large cell, immunoblastic, plasmacytoid. Chromosome analysis revealed t(2;3) which is a variant type of t(3;14)(q27;q32). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis disclosed splits of signals of BCL-6 gene. Among the cases reported in the literature, the common feature of t(2;3)(p11 or p12;q27) was diffuse, large cell lymphoma of B cell, kappa phenotype and four patients immunosuppressive state before lymphoma.

Bone Neoplasms↗

PubMed1995

Age-related reduction in bone matrix protein mRNA expression in rat bone tissues: application of histomorphometry to in situ hybridization.

Age-related changes in the biological activity of osteoblastic cells have been studied extensively using histomorphometry, especially in relation to osteoporosis. Nevertheless, the changes occurring in the biological activity of individual osteoblastic cells are not sufficiently clarified by this technique. In the present study, age-related changes in the expression of bone matrix protein mRNAs in individual osteoblastic cells were analyzed in vivo by in situ hybridization using undecalcified bone sections. In the femurs of 8-week-old male rats, strong expression of type I collagen and osteocalcin mRNAs was detected in cuboidal osteoblasts on the bone formation surface. Osteopontin mRNA was detected in some of the mononuclear cells and osteoclasts on the bone resorption surface, and also in osteocytes. In the femurs of 60-week-old and 100-week-old male rats, expression of these bone matrix protein mRNAs was markedly decreased. Histomorphometrical analysis of 8-week-old and 60-week-old rats indicated that both the activity and number of osteoblasts expressing type I collagen mRNA, as well as the number of osteoclasts, were reduced in these tissues in older animals. These results indicate age-related reductions in both biological activity and numbers of osteoblasts.

Aging↗

PubMed1995

Effect of sevoflurane on the vascular reactivity of rabbit mesenteric artery.

Sevoflurane is well known to cause depression of cardiovascular function, but detailed information on its actions on the contractility and reactivity of blood vessels is lacking. We have assessed therefore the direct effect of this anaesthetic on the functional reactivity of isolated rabbit mesenteric artery ring preparations. We found that contractions of endothelium intact rings induced by noradrenaline and phenylephrine were significantly attenuated by 4% sevoflurane; the observation that the maximal tension generation decreased without a significant reduction in pD2 is consistent with the view that receptor dysfunction was not involved. The effect of sevoflurane was not affected by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. Sevoflurane 4% also produced attenuation of noradrenaline-induced contractions of endothelium denuded ring preparations. The contractions of endothelium denuded ring preparations produced by noradrenaline in Ca(2+)-free media in the presence of K+ were not affected by 4% sevoflurane, but sevoflurane depressed external Ca(2+)-dependent contractions. When vasodilators (acetylcholine and nitroglycerin) were added to the bathing media in the presence of 2% sevoflurane, the endothelium-dependent relaxation produced by acetylcholine, but not the endothelium-independent relaxation produced by nitroglycerin, was attenuated; superoxide dismutase inhibited the effect of sevoflurane on endothelium-dependent relaxation. These results are consistent with the view that sevoflurane inhibits alpha adrenoceptor-mediated contractions of isolated rabbit mesenteric artery ring preparations; this effect may be caused by reduced Ca2+ influx, as estimated from the effect on external Ca(2+)-dependent contractions, but is unlikely to be caused by reduced Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of vascular smooth muscle, as estimated from noradrenaline-induced contractions in Ca(2+)-free bathing media.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1995

Expression of CD44 variant exons 8-10 in colorectal cancer and its relationship to metastasis.

Splice variants of CD44 are overexpressed in human lung, breast, and colon carcinoma cell lines. This study was conducted to clarify the association between the expression of CD44 variant exons 8-10 and metastatic potential in human colorectal cancer. We found that the expression of a CD44 splice variant containing exons v8-10 was increased in all of 60 colorectal cancer specimens examined compared with matched normal colerectal mucosa, as determined by Northern blotting. Expression of CD44 variant exons 8-10 did not significantly correlate with histological type, depth of tumor invasion, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, or lymph node metastasis. However, the level of CD44 variant exon 8-10 expression was significantly higher in carcinomas associated with liver metastasis than in those without liver metastasis. In addition, expression of CD44 variant exons 8-10 in the liver metastases was more intense than that in the primary colorectal cancers. These findings indicated that this domain of the CD44 glycoprotein encoded by exons v8-10 may play an important role in tumor hematogenous metastasis of human colorectal cancer.

Blotting, Northern↗