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Biomedical subjects

A Yamashina

Publications and source records attributed to A Yamashina.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Graphical comparison of coronary arterial culprit lesions in acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris.

OBJECTIVE: The culprit lesion morphology at acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and unstable angina pectoris (UAP) was investigated by observing the responsible vessels through intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) during the acute stage. METHODS: As the subjects of study, 54 lesions of 54 ACS patients (26 in AMI patients, 28 in UAP patients) were enrolled prospectively from June 1994 to June 1998. The appearance of plaque in the lesion, the distal and proximal sites, extent of calcification, eccentricity, remodeling and shrinkage were observed through IVUS before the intervention. RESULTS: At lesion and distal site, significantly more soft plaques were observed in AMI than UAP. As to the extent of calcification in the former, mild calcification was noted significantly more in distal site as well as a tendency of more mild calcification in the lesion and proximal site. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that the condition of responsible coronary artery is involved in the onset mechanism of AMI and UAP.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Detection of culprit lesion in patients with unstable angina pectoris by using ATP thallium-201 myocardial SPECT].

The purpose of this study is to determine the diagnostic accuracy for detection of culprit lesions in patients with unstable angina. Both ATP 201Tl SPECT and coronary angiography were performed in 51 patients with unstable angina pectoris within a week since the last attack. SPECT images were divided into 17 segments and the regional uptakes were scored semiquantitatively (0 = normal to 3 = no activity) and compared with the coronary angiographic findings. ATP 201Tl SPECT revealed decreased uptakes in 54 of 56 culprit lesions. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for detection of culprit lesions were 96.4%, 89.5% and 92.4%, respectively. Although adverse effects during ATP administration were complicated in 28 (54.9%) patients, all the complications were mild and resolved within two minutes. ATP 201Tl SPECT is sensitive and reliable method for detecting culprit lesions and can be performed safely even at acute phase in patients with unstable angina pectoris.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1997

Sarin poisoning on Tokyo subway.

On the day of the disaster, 641 victims were seen at St. Luke's International Hospital. Among those, five victims arrived with cardiopulmonary or respiratory arrest with marked miosis and extremely low serum cholinesterase values; two died and three recovered completely. In addition to these five critical patients, 106 patients, including four pregnant women, were hospitalized with symptoms of mild to moderate exposure. Other victims had only mild symptoms and were released after 6 hours of observation. Major signs and symptoms in victims were miosis, headache, dyspnea, nausea, ocular pain, blurred vision, vomiting, coughing, muscle weakness, and agitation. Almost all patients showed miosis and related symptoms such as headache, blurred vision, or visual darkness. Although these physical signs and symptoms disappeared within a few weeks, psychologic problems associated with posttraumatic stress disorder persisted longer. Also, secondary contamination of the house staff occurred, with some sort of physical abnormality in more than 20%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Acquisition of Philadelphia chromosome with bcr rearrangement concomitant with transformation of refractory anemia with excess of blasts with 8 trisomy into acute myelogenous leukemia].

A case of Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome positive acute myelogeneous leukemia (AML) following a refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) with 8 trisomy is reported. The 80-year-old man developed pancytopenia during the course of follow-up after the surgical operation of the carcinoma of the sigmoid colon and the rectum for which no irradiation therapy nor chemotherapy had been applied. The diagnosis of RAEB was made according to the diagnostic criteria proposed by FAB co-operative group. Chromosomal analysis revealed 8 trisomy in 54% of the metaphases of bone marrow cells. The remainders showed normal karyotype without Ph1 chromosome. He was on androgenic steroid and activated Vitamin D3 without significant changes in the clinical and the hematological features until 3 months later when many atypical blasts appeared in the peripheral blood. The diagnosis of AML (M2) was made. Chromosomal analysis revealed Ph1 chromosome with the typical 9;22 translocation in 100% of the examined cells. 8 trisomy was not detected any more. Southern blot analysis using bcr probe showed bcr rearrangement. He was treated with a small doses of Ara-C. There was some reduction in the number of blasts in the peripheral blood. However, he died of septicemia 2 months later. The present case indicates that Ph1 positive acute leukemia with bcr rearrangement is not necessarily considered as a blastic transformation of chronic myelogeneous leukemia and such a cytogenic abnormality can appear in a leukemic transformation of myelodysplastic syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Studies on evaluation of the oxygen transport system function with multistage treadmill stress testing: comparison between normal control subjects and patients with coronary heart disease].

The oxygen transport system (OTS) function was evaluated with multistage treadmill stress testing on 171 normal control subjects and 80 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). After Bruce's definition, OTS function was expressed with functional aerobic impairment (FAI), left ventricular impairment (LVI) or myocardial aerobic impairment (MAI), heart rate impairment (HRI) or chronotropic reserve impairment (CRI) and peripheral circulatory impairment (PCI). All subjects were monitored on heart rate, blood pressure, electrocardiogram and endtidal O2 and CO2 before and every one minute during the symptom limited maximal stress testing. Seventy three of 80 coronary patients were subjected to the coronary arteriography and were classified into four groups; 31 with single vessel disease (SVD), 20 with double vessel disease (DVD), 15 with triple vessel disease (TVD) and 7 with A-C bypass surgery. Comparison between normal control subjects and the CHD patients with regard to the relation of age and VO2max derived from the linear regression analysis disclosed the identical age-related decrease in VO2max in both groups. The age corrected VO2max in the CHD patients, however, was 2.2 METS less than that of normal control subjects. Therefore, the level of VO2max in CHD patients was determined not only by disease, but also by ageing process itself. Comparisons among three CHD groups with regard to FAI, LVI, HRI and PCI clearly demonstrated different functional impairments paralleling to the severity of the disease process. On the other hand, the patients with A-C bypass surgery revealed almost identical functional impairment to the patients with SVD. In conclusion, these simple and noninvasive evaluations of the oxygen transport system could give us valuable informations reasonably differentiating the clinical status of the patients with CHD.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Hexose and hexosamine concentrations in human pancreatic juice.

Hexose and hexosamine contents were measured in 117 samples of either duodenal or pancreatic juice from 49 subjects. The specimens were obtained by three methods: firstly, through a Dreiling's double lumen tube and with a pancreozymin secretin test performed simultaneously; secondly, by fiber duodenoscopy after an intravenous injection of secretin; thirdly, through a postoperative cannula without stimulation. The hexose content measured by phenol-sulfuric acid reaction correlated well with the hexosamine content measured by the Elson-Morgan method (r = 0.63, p less than 0.005). Since determination of hexose is not as complicated as that of hexosamine, the measurement of hexose content in the pancreatic juice seems to be more useful than measuring hexosamine for obtaining valuable information on pancreatic abnormalities.

Cholecystokinin↗
PubMed1985

First-third ejection fraction: is the first-pass radionuclide method accurate?

Previous reports have suggested that left ventricular first-third ejection fraction (EF) can be obtained from the left ventricular time-activity curve derived from first-pass radionuclide angiography based on Anger camera data. The validity of this technique was assessed by: a study of beat-to-beat variations in data from 15 patients in which electrocardiographic data were simultaneously recorded, and a computer simulation incorporating the application of Poisson statistics to appropriate count rate data. The results of patients studies showed no consistent trend in any first-third parameter obtained from consecutive beats in individual subjects, and unacceptably high statistical uncertainty in the calculation of the first-third ejection fraction. The weighted standard deviation of the first-third ejection fraction in each of 15 patients studied averaged 7.5 EF units, while first-third ejection fraction averaged 22.9 EF units. The relative error averaged 32%. The computer simulation indicated a high relative error of 47% associated with the first-third ejection fraction at typical end-diastolic count rates of 200 per frame from 1,000 computer Poisson randomizations of an appropriate analog volume curve. The results render the first-pass radiocardiographic method invalid for determining first-third ejection fraction.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The effects of vitamin E on the indicator enzymes of organella membranes in the injured liver.

Acute and chronic liver damage was caused by the administration of either galactosamine or carbon tetrachloride. Consequently, the rats with damaged livers were killed after vitamin E was administered. The livers were removed and were homogenated. Indicator enzymes (5'-nucleotidase, arylsulfatase, cytochrome C oxidase and glucose-6-phosphatase) of organella membranes were measured in the homogenates of the normal and damaged livers. The effects of vitamin E resulted in the stabilizing of the impaired membranes of plasma, lysosome, mitochondria and microsome; (1) the abnormal decrease of 5'-nucleotidase activity and glucose-6-phosphatase activity, and the abnormal increase of arylsulfatase activity, which induced galactosamine or carbon tetrachloride, and (2) the abnormal decrease of cytochrome C oxidase activity induced by galactosamine- HCl, were normalized.

5'-Nucleotidase↗