Biomedical subjects

A Yarcheski

Publications and source records attributed to A Yarcheski.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Outcomes of depression in early adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between depressed mood and depressive symptomatology and the influence of both variables on perceived social support, interpersonal conflict, general well-being, and perceived health status in 144 early adolescents. The subjects responded to instruments measuring the study variables in classroom settings. Two bivariate regression structural equation models were examined using the LISREL 7 computer software program. In the health model, depressed mood had a direct positive effect on depressive symptoms and a direct negative effect on well-being and on perceived health status. Depressive symptoms had a direct negative effect on well-being and on perceived health status. In the interpersonal model, depressed mood had a direct positive effect on depressive symptoms and on conflict and a direct negative effect on social support. Depressive symptoms had a direct positive effect on conflict and a direct negative effect on social support.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Social support and well-being in early adolescents: the role of mediating variables.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived social support and general well-being in early adolescents and to test two variables, hopefulness and self-esteem, that theoretically mediate this relationship. The final sample consisted of 142 adolescents, ages 12 to 14, who responded to instruments measuring perceived social support hopefulness, self-esteem, and general well-being in classroom settings. Correlational analysis supported the five hypothesized relationships. A series of regression analyses described by Baron and Kenny indicated that hopefulness and self-esteem each were mediators of the relationship between social support and well-being. Implications for nursing practice are addressed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Mental health variables and positive health practices in early adolescents.

A sample of 127 adolescents aged 12 to 14 years and attending a middle school responded to the Personal Lifestyle Questionnaire, the Depression-Dejection subscale of the Profile of Mood States, the Spielberger Trait-Anger Scale, and the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale in classrooms. Using canonical variate analysis, three canonical variates emerged in the statistical analysis of the set of mental health variables and the set of positive health practice variables, two of which had statistically significant canonical correlations. The findings are consistent with theory and previous research linking positive health practices to depression, anger, and loneliness.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Positive and negative outcomes of anger in early adolescents.

The purposes of this study were to examine symptom patterns and diminished general well-being as negative outcomes and vigor and change as positive outcomes of trait and state anger via two structural equation models. In a school auditorium, a convenience sample of 141 boys and girls, ages 12-14 years, responded to the Trait Anger Scale and the State Anger Scale and to instruments measuring general well-being, symptom patterns, vigor, and change. In the negative outcome model, results indicated that diminished general well-being and increased symptom patterns were outcomes of trait anger and state anger in early adolescents. In the positive outcome model, contrary to expectation, less vigor and less inclination to change were outcomes of trait anger in early adolescents, while state anger had no appreciable influence on the same variables. The findings suggest that anger, particularly trait anger, had a negative influence on the outcome variables studied.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

A causal model of depression in early adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to test the extent to which a causal model developed from a theoretical formulation of depression was consistent with data obtained from early adolescents, age 12 to 14. In this cross-sectional correlational design, the final sample consisted of 225 adolescents who responded to a demographic data sheet and instruments measuring depression, self-esteem, state anxiety, and perceived stress in classrooms. The causal model was tested via the LISREL 7 program, using a maximum likelihood structural equation model. The results yielded a chi-square (1, N = 225) = .71, p = .401, indicating a good fit of the model to the data. Perceived stress had the strongest direct, indirect, and total effect on depression in early adolescents. Contrary to expectation, self-esteem did not have a direct effect on depression, and girls did not report higher levels of depression than did boys.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Future time perspective and positive health practices among young adolescents: a further extension.

A sample of 139 young adolescents attending a middle school responded to the Future Time Perspective Inventory and the Personal Lifestyle Questionnaire in classrooms. A statistically significant correlation of .46 was found between their scores on future time perspective and ratings for the practice of positive health behaviors. This correlation was larger than those previously reported for middle and late adolescents but smaller than that found for young adults.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

The moderator-mediator role of social support in early adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to examine social support as both a mediator and a moderator of the relationship between perceived stress and symptom patterns in early adolescents. Data were collected from 148 early adolescent boys and girls, ages 12 to 14, who responded to the Perceived Stress Scale, the Personal Resource Questionnaire 85-Part II, and the Symptom Pattern Scale. Using multiple regression analysis procedures specified for the testing of moderation and mediation, results indicated that social support did not play a moderating role in the relationship between perceived stress and symptom patterns, but social support did play a mediating role in this relationship. The findings are interpreted within the two major theoretical orientations that guided the study.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1998

A study of introspectiveness in adolescents and young adults.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between introspectiveness and the theoretically related variables of close friend solidarity, self-esteem, and symptom patterns in early, middle, and late adolescents, as well as in young adults. Samples of early (n = 103), middle (n = 107), and late adolescents (n = 101) as well as young adults (n = 70) completed the Introspectiveness Scale, the Close Friend Solidarity Instrument, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Symptom Pattern Scale in classroom settings. Hypotheses were tested using Pearson correlations, with a one-tailed test of significance. Introspectiveness was statistically, significantly, and positively related to close friend solidarity in all adolescents but not in young adults; introspectiveness was statistically, significantly, and inversely related to self-esteem in all adolescents but not in young adults. Finally, introspectiveness was statistically, significantly, and positively related to symptom patterns in all adolescents and in young adults.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Moderators of the relationship between trait anxiety and information received by patients post-myocardial infarction.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between trait anxiety and patients' evaluation of information they received during hospitalization post-myocardial infarction (MI), and to test the extent to which state anxiety and gender moderate this relationship. At the time of discharge from the hospital, 68 adult men and women who had had an MI responded to a demographic data sheet and to instruments measuring state anxiety, trait anxiety, and the quality of information they received during hospitalization. Data analysis indicated that the higher their trait anxiety, the less positively patients rated the quality of information they received during hospitalization post-MI. A series of regression analysis procedures designed to test for moderation indicated that neither state anxiety nor gender had a moderator effect on the relationship between trait anxiety and the quality of information received. The findings are interpreted within the theoretical perspectives that guided the study. Clinical implications of the findings are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Social support and positive health practices in young adults. Loneliness as a mediating variable.

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which loneliness mediates the relationship between perceived social support and positive health practices of young adults, ages 22 to 34, by testing a mediational model of relationships in a three-variable system developed through theory and previous research. Data were collected from 70 young adults who were attending classes in a large urban university. They responded to the PRQ85-Part II, the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Lifestyle Questionnaire, and a demographic data sheet. Statistically significant correlations were found between perceived social support and positive health practices, perceived social support and loneliness, and loneliness and positive health practices. A series of regression analyses designed to test for mediation were performed. The results indicated that loneliness is a dominant mediator in the relationship between perceived social support and positive health practice. Implications for practices are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Future time perspective and positive health practices in young adults: an extension.

A sample of 69 young adults attending a public university responded to the Future Time Perspective Inventory, two subscales of the Time Experience Scales (Fast and Slow Tempo), and the Personal Lifestyle Questionnaire in classroom settings. A statistically significant correlation (.52) was found between scores for future time perspective and the ratings for the practice of positive health behaviors in young adults. This correlation was larger than those previously found for middle and late adolescents. Scores on subscales of individual health practices and future time perspective indicated statistically significant correlations for five (.25 to .56) of the six subscales. Scores on neither Fast nor Slow Tempo were related to ratings of positive health practices or ratings on subscales measuring positive health practices.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Loneliness and health-related variables in young adults.

In classrooms, 69 young adults responded to the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Symptom Pattern Scale, and the General Health Rating Index, a measure of perceived health status. A statistically significant positive correlation of .21 was found between scores for loneliness and ratings for symptom patterns. A statistically inverse correlation of -.35 was found between scores for loneliness and ratings for perceived health status. These findings replicated those found earlier with adolescents.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

The relationship of hospital process variables to patient outcome post-myocardial infarction.

This study examined the hospital process variables of nursing care, medical care, information, and hospital environment, as evaluated by patients, in relation to their outcome post-myocardial infarction (MI). The sample included 68 hospitalized men and women, aged 29-92, who were diagnosed with an MI. At the time of discharge, they responded to four subscales of the Patient Judgment of Hospital Quality Questionnaire, which measured the hospital process variables, and the Revised Haussman and Hegyvary Outcome Criteria Instrument for Acute Myocardial Infarction, which measured patient outcome post-MI. Data also were collected from patient charts and nurses. Correlational analyses revealed statistically significant relationships between nursing care and patient outcome, and between hospital environment and patient outcome; neither medical care nor information correlated appreciably with patient outcome post-MI. Regression analysis indicated that nursing care was the only significant predictor of patient outcome post-MI.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Loneliness and creativity in adolescents.

Samples of 107 early, 81 middle, and 112 late adolescents responded to the UCLA Loneliness Scale and The Creativity Scale of the Adjective Check List. Contrary to the hypothesized direction, statistically significant inverse correlations (-.19 to -.33) were found between scores on measures of loneliness and creativity in all three adolescent samples. Findings are interpreted within the conceptualizations in which the relationship between loneliness and creativity were proposed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Validation of the revised UCLA Loneliness Scale for adolescents.

The purposes of this study were to determine the dimensionality of the revised UCLA Loneliness Scale for adolescents through factor-analytic techniques, and to provide construct validity for the instrument by testing four theoretically derived hypotheses in 333 adolescents, ages 12 to 21. Using a prior criteria, a two-factor structure, resulting from a principal components analysis with an orthogonal rotation, best represented the dimensionality of the instrument for adolescents. The two factors demonstrated acceptable coefficient alpha reliabilities. Evidence of construct validity for the total scale was provided by three statistically significant correlations found between the scale and the theoretically relevant variables of future time perspective, close friend solidarity, and dependency. Contrary to expectation, slow tempo was not appreciably related to loneliness. The results support the use of the revised UCLA Loneliness Scale in future research concerning loneliness in adolescents.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Efficacy of patient-controlled analgesia in women cholecystectomy patients.

The purpose of this comparative study was to examine differences in pain intensity, sleep disturbance, sleep effectiveness, fatigue, and vigor between patients undergoing cholecystectomy who received either patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) or intramuscular (IM) injections of narcotics for postoperative pain. The PCA group consisted of 16 women, aged 22-58; the IM group consisted of 10 women, aged 22-60. Data were collected on patients' postoperative days 1 and 2. Findings indicated that patients receiving PCA reported less pain on postoperative day 1 and less fatigue on postoperative day 2 than patients receiving IM injections of narcotics.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Roger's pattern manifestations and health in adolescents.

The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine four manifestations of human-environmental field patterning--human field motion, human field rhythms, creativity, and sentience--in relation to perceived health status in 106 early, 111 middle, and 113 late adolescents. Participants responded to the Perceived Field Motion Instrument (a measure of human field motion), the Human Field Rhythms Scale, the Sentience Scale, the General Health Rating Index (a measure of perceived health status), and a brief demographic data sheet in classroom settings. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlations. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between perceived field motion and perceived health status in early, middle, and late adolescents, between human field rhythms and perceived health status in late adolescents only, and between creativity and perceived health status in late adolescents only. The inverse relationship found between sentience and perceived health status in early, middle, and late adolescents was not statistically significant. The findings are interpreted within a Rogerian framework.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Differences in social support and loneliness in adolescents according to developmental stage and gender.

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in both perceived social support and loneliness according to the three stages of adolescent development (early, middle, and late), as determined by chronological age and gender. The sample consisted of 113 early adolescents, 106 middle adolescents, and 106 late adolescents. Data were collected in classroom settings. All participants responded to the PRQ85--Part II, A Social Support Measure; the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale; and a demographic data sheet. Results of the study, which used the two-way analysis of variance, indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in perceived social support or loneliness across the three stages of adolescence. Findings also indicated that girls reported statistically significantly higher levels of perceived social support than boys; however, there were no statistically significant gender differences in loneliness.

Adolescent↗