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Biomedical subjects

A Yoshihara

Publications and source records attributed to A Yoshihara.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

A preliminary study on the relationship between stimulated saliva and periodontal conditions in community-dwelling elderly people.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between flow rate and spinnbarkeit of stimulated whole saliva and periodontal conditions in healthy elderly people. METHODS: Three hundred and fifty-five dentate subjects aged 76 years were included. The pocket probing depth (PD), attachment level (AL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were measured. Stimulated whole saliva was collected and the salivary flow rate (SFR) was calculated. Then, salivary spinnbarkeit (SS) was immediately measured. RESULTS: The mean SFR and SS were 1.44 ml/min and 1.91 mm, respectively. SFR was not significantly related to each periodontal parameter. On the other hand, subjects with SS 2.00 mm exhibited a significantly higher mean PD (p<0.05), % of sites with PD>or=4mm (p<0.05), mean AL (p<0.01), % of site with AL>or=4mm (p<0.05) and % of sites with AL>or=6mm (p<0.01) than subjects in the other three groups (one-way ANOVA). In the logistic regression analysis, the factors significantly associated with the highest quintile of PD>or=4mm were: the low salivary flow and the high salivary spinnbarkeit (OR 3.84), current smokers (OR 5.08), cleaning interdental spaces rarely/never (OR 2.12), and frequent BOP (OR 5.20). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that high salivary spinnbarkeit in addition to a low salivary flow rate might be a high risk for periodontal disease in elderly people.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2006

Preliminary study on the effect of oral care on recovery from surgery in elderly patients.

This study aimed to clarify the effectiveness of post-operative oral care, including tooth brushing, denture cleaning and tongue cleaning, after digestive tract surgery. Subjects included 30 elderly patients aged 60-98 years (74.9 +/- 7.8 years) who underwent digestive tract surgery. Subjects were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group. In the intervention group, the following oral care was provided daily over a 5-min period in the morning starting at baseline (day of surgery) and continued for 5 days: gargling with povidone iodine, tooth brushing, denture cleaning using a special brush and tongue cleaning using a tongue brush. In the control group, the subjects only gargled with povidone iodine. We compared the following variables between the two groups at baseline and 5 days later: the sensation of dry mouth, intra-oral gas concentration, pulmonary sounds, body temperature and bacterial flora. The number of patients with abnormal pulmonary sounds (dry or moist rales) increased from 1 to 2 in the intervention group and from 0 to 4 in the control group (P < 0.05). The average number of bacterial species per subject for the control group was 3.64 +/- 1.34 pre-operatively and 3.50 +/- 1.74 post-operatively, whereas that for the intervention group was 3.08 +/- 0.95 pre-operatively and 2.62 +/- 0.65 post-operatively. In the intervention group, there was a significant decrease in the number of bacterial species (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that post-operative oral care in elderly patients undergoing digestive tract surgery lowers the number of bacterial species found in the oral cavity. This effect, in turn, might improve respiratory function.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Association between commensal bacteria and opportunistic pathogens in the dental plaque of elderly individuals.

Opportunistic infections in the oral cavity of the elderly may increase the incidence of systemic disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in the oral bacterial flora between dependent elderly (inpatients) and independent elderly (community-dwelling residents). After multiple variables were taken into account, inpatients had significantly lower detection rates than community-dwelling residents for alpha-streptococci (p < 0.001) and Neisseria (p 0.004), and higher detection rates for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p 0.024), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (p 0.011) and Actinomyces spp. (p 0.005). Among inpatients, the requirement for a high degree of care was related negatively to detection of alpha-streptococci, but was related significantly to detection of P. aeruginosa (p 0.018) or MRSA (p 0.004). Tube-fed inpatients had a significantly lower detection rate for alpha-streptococci (p 0.041) and a higher detection rate for P. aeruginosa (p 0.004) than those who did not require tube feeding. Inpatients with a history of antibiotic use had a significantly lower detection rate for alpha-streptococci (p 0.049) and a higher detection rate for MRSA (p 0.007) than those without a history of antibiotic use. The detection rates for P. aeruginosa or MRSA in inpatients without alpha-streptococci were higher than in inpatients with alpha-streptococci after controlling for age and gender (P. aeruginosa, p 0.006; MRSA, p 0.001). Overall, detection of alpha-streptococci had an inverse correlation with the detection of P. aeruginosa and MRSA in the oral cavity and is likely to be an indicator of pathogenic bacterial infection.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

The relationship between bone mineral density and the number of remaining teeth in community-dwelling older adults.

Tooth loss and osteoporosis may share common aetiologic agents which influence the process of both diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) of the os calcis and the number of remaining teeth, controlling the known confounding factors. Among all 70-year-old inhabitants in Niigata City, Japan, 600 people were selected randomly in order to have approximately the same number of each gender. We analysed 460 subjects. We evaluated the BMD of the os calcis using an ultrasound bone densitometer, then we counted the number of remaining teeth excluding the third molars. Stiffness is a clinical index which is calculated by the spread speed of supersonic waves. To monitor the general health condition of the subjects, serum levels of disease markers and smoking habits were also investigated. The mean number of remaining teeth for the osteopenia group (OG) and the no-osteopenia group (NOG) was 15.97+/- 9.98 and 18.31+/- 8.06, respectively in females, and 16.32+/- 9.93 and 18.12+/- 9.33, respectively in males (OG versus NOG, P=0.047 by two-way anova). In addition, stiffness was significantly associated with the number of remaining teeth (CV=-0.157, P=0.005) using linear multiple regression analysis adjusted by four other variables. In this study, there was a significant relationship between the number of remaining teeth and BMD of the os calcis.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2005

Serum vitamin C-periodontal relationship in community-dwelling elderly Japanese.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between serum vitamin C and periodontitis as estimated by clinical attachment loss (CAL) in community-dwelling elderly Japanese. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This analysis was confined to 413 Niigata citizens aged 70 years in whom the data for serum vitamin C and CAL were available. High-pressure liquid chromatography method was used to ascertain the serum vitamin C levels while CAL was assessed on six sites of all teeth present including third molars by means of pressure-sensitive probes. Other variables included gender, smoking, toothbrushing frequency, number of teeth present and random blood sugar levels. RESULTS: Serum vitamin C concentration was inversely related to CAL (r=-0.23, p<0.00005) at bivariate level. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that CAL was 4% greater in subjects with lower serum vitamin C levels than in subjects with higher serum vitamin C levels notwithstanding smoking, diabetes, oral hygiene, gender or number of teeth present. CONCLUSION: The findings suggested that serum vitamin C might have relatively weak but a statistically significant relationship with periodontitis in this elderly population.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Relationship between bleeding on probing and periodontal disease progression in community-dwelling older adults.

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between bleeding on probing (BOP) and periodontal disease progression in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: A 3-year longitudinal study was carried out in 229 non-smoking healthy older adults aged 70 years. Using pressure-controlled periodontal probes, BOP, pocket depth and attachment level at 13,289 sites were measured annually. Periodontal disease progression was defined as an increase in attachment loss of >or=3 mm from the baseline to the final examination. The backward stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the total number of sites with BOP in the four examinations and periodontal progression. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratios of BOP frequency for periodontal disease progression ranged from 1.4 to 6.2 after controlling for pocket depth >or=4 mm at baseline, number of missing teeth, jaw type and tooth site. CONCLUSION: Increasing frequencies of bleeding might increase the probability of periodontal disease progression in community-dwelling older adults.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Association between serum albumin and root caries in community-dwelling older adults.

Recently, associations between dental diseases and the general health condition have been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, by serum albumin concentrations, the relationship between the general health condition and root caries. We randomly selected 763 individuals (600 70-year-olds and 163 80-year-olds) living in Niigata City, Japan. The variables body composition, blood measurements, daily nutrient intakes, and root caries were measured. The relationship between root caries and serum albumin concentration was evaluated. The differences in serum albumin concentrations between subjects with untreated root caries (DT = 0 and DT > 3) were 75.56 mg/dL in 70-year-olds and 202.97 mg/dL in 80-year-olds (p < 0.05, ANOVA). The findings of the present study indicated that a relationship between root caries and serum albumin concentration in these elderly subjects is highly possible.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Brillouin scattering study of elastic properties in ferroelectric copolymer single-crystalline films.

The in-plane elastic properties of as-grown random copolymer poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) single-crystalline films with 75/25 molecular ratio have been studied by Brillouin light scattering up to approximately 140 degrees C from room temperature, covering the D6h-C2v ferroelectric phase transition at approximately 126 degrees C. The in-plane longitudinal acoustic (LA) phonons propagating parallel and perpendicular to the polymer chains were examined. In spite of the strongly first-order nature of the phase transition, both LA velocities exhibit only a broad down step in the temperature range between approximately 100 degrees C and approximately 130 degrees C, depending on the propagation direction, with increasing temperature. The LA phonon width perpendicular to the polymer chains increases with increasing temperature, and exhibits a broad maximum centered at approximately 120 degrees C. On the other hand, the LA phonon width along the polymer-chain axis is much wider than the width perpendicular to the polymer chains, and continues to increase even in the paraelectric phase. Treating the E(u) symmetry electric polarizations (Px,P(y)) of the D6h point group as the macroscopic order parameter, a Laudau free energy was developed to discuss the elastic properties. Using the free energy, we found that the elastic anomalies expected through the electrostrictive couplings between the order parameter and the elastic strains are strongly suppressed by the intrinsic electrical nature of the ferroelectric polymer. For both LA phonons, the temperature development of the phonon frequency and width can be reasonably reproduced by the Cole-Davidson relaxation model for the velocity dispersion with an exponent of betaCD=0.4. The relaxation time was found to obey the Arrhenius law tau=tau(0) exp(DeltaE/k(B)T) with DeltaE=0.55+/-0.01 eV and tau(0)=(4.0+/-0.6)x10(-18) s. At 24.0 degrees C in the ferroelectric phase, the in-plane phonon width anisotropy can be reasonably described by gammaB(straight theta)/2pi=0.18+0.72 sin4 straight theta for the LA phonon and gammaB(straight theta)/2pi=0.02+0.095 sin2 2straight theta for the transverse acoustic phonon, where the phonon propagation angle straight theta is measured from the perpendicular direction with respect to the polymer-chain axis. The straight theta dependence is strongly related to the one-dimensional freedom constrained in each copolymer chain.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Increased frequency of FcgammaRIIIb-NA1 allele in periodontitis-resistant subjects in an elderly Japanese population.

Many elderly people show minimum periodontal tissue destruction, which might be partly due to genetic advantages in host immune response against periodontopathic bacteria. The human IgG Fc receptor IIIb on neutrophils bears a NA1-NA2 polymorphism. The FcgammaRIIIb-NA1 displays a more efficient interaction with IgG1- and IgG3-opsonized bacteria, compared with the FcgammaRIIIb-NA2. We investigated a 70-year-old Japanese population (n = 599) to determine whether the FcgammaRIIIb polymorphism was associated with resistance to periodontitis. Among subjects with > or = 20 teeth present, periodontitis-resistant (n = 46) and periodontitis-susceptible groups (n = 73) were selected based on the percentage of sites with > or = 4 mm probing attachment loss in the entire dentition. The FcgammaRIIIb-NA1 allotype was overrepresented in the periodontitis-resistant group, compared with the periodontitis-susceptible group (chi2 = 4.89, p = 0.03, odds ratio = 1.87, 95% CI, 1.07 to 3.28). This suggests that FcgammaRIIIb-NA1 may be associated with resistance to periodontitis.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Analysis of vitamin D and Fcgamma receptor polymorphisms in Japanese patients with generalized early-onset periodontitis.

Early-onset periodontitis (EOP) is considered to have a genetic basis which has not been clearly defined. Genetic polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR-B-b) and the immunoglobulin-Fc-gamma receptor IIIb (FcgammaRIIIb-NA1-NA2) are associated with bone metabolism and infectious diseases, respectively. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of EOP with VDR and FcgammaRIIIb polymorphisms. Subjects were comprised of those with generalized EOP (G-EOP, n = 42), adult periodontitis (AP, n = 52), and healthy control (HC, n = 55). VDR and FcgammaRIIIb genotypes were determined by allele-specific polymerase chain-reactions. Our results indicated that frequencies of the VDR-B non-carrier and the FcgammaRIIIb-NA2 carrier were lower in the G-EOP compared with the AP and HC groups. Furthermore, we found a strong association between G-EOP and the VDR-Fc-gammaRIIIb composite genotype (G-EOP vs. AP - OR = 5.09, p = 0.009; G-EOP vs. HC - OR = 5.93, p = 0.004). In conclusion, no correlation was found between the VDR genotype and G-EOP. However, the VDR and Fc-gammaRIIIb genotype combination may be associated with susceptibility to G-EOP.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Treatment and posttreatment effects of fluoride mouthrinsing after 17 years.

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the treatment and posttreatment effects of a school-based, fluoride mouthrinse regimen. METHODS: Children in a nonfluoridated community in Japan participated in a daily rinse program using a 0.05 percent NaF solution in nursery and primary schools, and a weekly rinse with 0.2 percent NaF in junior high school. Students were examined at least annually for dental caries and dental treatment was provided in a public dental clinic through the ninth grade. Incipient carious lesions with no cavitation were not restored. RESULTS: The percent of children in grades one through nine (6-14 years of age) with caries-free permanent teeth increased from 13.4 percent in 1974 to 73.0 percent in 1991, while the mean DMFT decreased by 86 percent during this period. For 12-year-olds, mean DMFT scores declined to about one tooth per child after 1982. For adults 20 years of age, there was a 64 percent difference in DMFS between the treatment group who started the rinse regimen at 4 years of age and continued for 11 years, and the controls who lived in different districts and did not participate in a fluoride rinse regimen. CONCLUSIONS: Children who began rinsing at 4 or 5 years of age benefited the most from the program. The program was inexpensive, simple to implement and well accepted by families and teachers. The conservative treatment policy in the public clinic likely contributed to the benefits derived by participants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Reduced mechanical competence of bone by ovariectomy and its preservation with 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 administration in beagles.

To examine changes in mechanical competence of bone caused by ovariectomy, and to assess the effect of 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24R,25(OH)2D3) administration on mass and structure, we conducted mechanical tests on canine lumbar vertebrae and femur 31 months after surgery. Beagles weighing 9-10 kg were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham operated (n = 3, group 1). OVX dogs were divided into three groups. Group 2 (n = 3) received only the agent vehicle, groups 3 (n = 4) and 4 (n = 4) received daily 24R,25(OH)2D3 doses of 2 and 10 mcg/kg, respectively from 1 month after surgery. In group 4, the dose level was increased up to 100 mcg/kg by the 17 month. Then, L3 and L4 vertebrae and left femur were excised from each animal. Torsional tests at the femoral diaphysis were conducted. On the L3 specimen, the circumferential shell was removed to obtain a cancellous core specimen. The shell was left intact on the L4 specimen. In compression tests, the loading was stopped just after maximal strength was reached for minimum specimen collapse, from which 7-mcm thick, undecalcified, midcross sections parallel to the base of the specimen were obtained. Neither femoral morphology, bone mineral contents (BMCs) nor structural stiffness indicated a significant difference among groups. Though L3 and L4 BMCs were reduced in group 2, in group 3 and 4 they were significantly larger than in group 2. Compression tests on lumbar vertebral specimens showed a significant decrease in mechanical parameters in group 2. On the cancellous core specimen of L3, the mean structural stiffness in group 2 was 31.8% of that in group 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3↗
PubMed1993

The growth of mouse hybridoma cells between Peyer's patch lymphocyte and myeloma cell in the gastrointestinal tract. A model for human multiple lymphomatous polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract.

To elucidate the mechanism of multiple lesions in human primary lymphoma or multiple lymphomatous polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract, we developed a experimental model utilizing mouse hybridoma cells. Syngeneic mice were immunized with human hemoglobin via gastric intubation and a hybridoma clone (13c) between the Peyer's patch cell and mouse myeloma cell was obtained. The 13c cells were infused into normal syngeneic mice through a lateral tail vein. About 2 months after injection mice were sacrificed and their viscera were scrutinized histologically. All 11 mice receiving 13c showed multiple tumors at the colon, microscopic massive invasions at the small intestine, and scattered invasions at Peyer's patch, mesenteric lymph nodes and the spleen, exhibiting the similar distribution patterns as in human multiple lymphomatous polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract. ME-1 or MU-1 cells (hybridomas between P3 and mouse spleen cell) were distributed at the liver, spleen and paraaortic lymph nodes. Such migration patterns of 13c cells and their adherence to vessel walls suggest that multiple invasions may be lymphocyte homing receptor-mediated phenomena.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Benefits of a community oriented fluoride mouth rinsing program].

The benefits of a school-based fluoride mouth rinsing in a community dental health program were evaluated. In village "M", children from 4 to 14 years old have been participating in a school-based fluoride mouth rinsing program since 1974. In addition, an informal association for dental health of children was inaugurated in 1975 to support the community dental health program. In village "K", there were no fluoride mouth rinsing programs. However, the usual dental health education conducted in all schools was similar in both communities. In order to compare these two communities, dental examinations were carried out in 1990. The total number of subjects from 6 to 14 years old was 331 in village "M" and 408 in village "K". In village "M" for longitudinal comparison, 12-year-olds, 1,054 in total, were examined annually from 1974 to 1990. The DMFT-index in all subjects in village "M" was 76.1% lower than in village "K". In village "M", the DMFT-index in 1990 decreased 79.0% compared to 1974. The economic benefits obtained through the caries reduction were evaluated. In 1990 the mean cost of dental treatment for subjects 14 years old was 27,840 yen per person in village "K" and 4,248 yen in village "M". The cost-benefit ratio was 18.8 and the cost-effectiveness ratio was 137 yen. These remarkable benefits from the prevention of dental caries appears to have been mainly obtained due to the participation of children aged 4 to 14 years old in a school-based fluoride mouth rinsing program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Isolation and sequence determination of frog C-type natriuretic peptide.

A new bioactive peptide was isolated from frog brain using a bioassay for chick rectum relaxant activity. Amino acid sequence of this peptide was determined to be Gly-Tyr-Ser-Arg-Gly-Cys-Phe-Gly-Val-Lys-Leu-Asp-Arg-Ile-Gly-Ala-Phe-Ser- Gly- Leu-Gly-Cys, in which two cysteines were linked by a disulfide bond. The peptide was found to belong structurally to the natriuretic peptide family and to exert diuretic-natriuretic activity as well as hypotensive activity when injected into rats. The peptide showed a high homology to recently identified porcine C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) and a pharmacological spectrum highly similar to porcine CNP. Thus, the peptide was designated frog C-type natriuretic peptide (frog CNP). Frog CNP may participate in the central control of body fluid homeostasis, since its tissue concentration is high in brain.

Amino Acid Sequence↗