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Biomedical subjects

A Zbrodowski

Publications and source records attributed to A Zbrodowski.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

The blood supply of the lumbrical muscles.

The blood supply of the lumbrical muscles was studied in 100 upper extremities from fresh human cadavers. Layer by layer dissection revealed the existence of different types of vascularity for the four muscles. The injection of coloured latex or Indian ink solution with gelatin showed the complex arterial network of these muscles together with their various sources of blood supply. Four separate sources of blood supply for each of the muscles were found: the superficial palmar arch (SPA), the common palmar digital artery, the deep palmar arch (DPA) and the dorsal digital artery. It was established that there were no anastomoses between the blood vessels of the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle and those of the lumbrical muscles. Considerable differences were observed in the details of the blood supply of the individual lumbrical muscles.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Blood supply of the digital sheath.

One hundred upper extremities from fresh human cadavers aged 20 to 80 years were injected with coloured latex or Indian ink and gelatin. Under the dissecting microscope two main and one occasional source of vascularization of the digital sheath were identified. Originating from the digitopalmar arches, from the proper palmar digital arteries and occasionally from the arcus palmaris superficialis, a complex arterial system supplies the various parts of the digital sheath. The best vascularized area is the floor of the sheath, while the pulleys and the palmar surface of the sheath are less well vascularized. These data may be of interest to those involved in reconstruction of the tendons of the digital flexor muscles.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[The vascularization of the common synovial sheath and the tendons of the flexor muscles of the carpal tunnel].

The detailed anatomy of the tendon apparatus, the blood supply of the superficial (FDS) and profundus (FDP) flexor muscles and the blood supply of the common synovial sheath in the carpal tunnel were studied on 200 hundred upper extremities from fresh human cadavers. The injection of coloured latex or the aqueous solution of India ink and gelatin revealed a complex arterial network. Dissection of the carpal tunnel revealed the existence of different sources of the blood supply of the tendons of the flexor muscles and carpal sheath. The different sources and zones of vascularization are described. This study concerns the synovial and tendinous apparatus of the flexor muscles as well as their blood supply in the carpal tunnel. These data may be of interest hand surgeons.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Blood supply of subcutaneous tissue in the leg and its clinical application.

The vascular anatomy of the subcutaneous or adipose layer of the leg is described. The major arteries of the distal thigh and leg were injected with either a colored latex or an India ink and gelatin mixture to demonstrate the principal sources of blood supply to the skin and the superficial tissues of the leg. Microdissection and the technique of Spalteholz for dehydrating and clearing the tissues (rendering them transparent) facilitated the study of the direct and indirect arterial branches which form the three principal networks: the deep fascia, the subcutaneous or adipose layer, and the skin or the dermoepidermic layer. The results are of practical importance since the fascio-subcutaneous tissue layer can be used as a flap for covering soft tissue defects of the leg.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1994

Mesotendons of the flexor pollicis longus muscle.

A study of 100 upper extremities from fresh human cadavers injected with colored latex or india ink and gelatin revealed the vascularization of the flexor pollicis longus muscle (FPL) tendon. This tendon was found to be vascularized from four different sources with anastomoses between them. Very rich anastomoses were observed between the terminal segments of the arterial branches which form the intratendineal network of the tendon itself.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Local vascular contribution of the superficial palmar arch.

The aim of the present study was to establish a precise topography of the arterial supply of the different layers in the palm of the human hand. Two hundred upper extremities from fresh human cadavers aged 20-80 years were injected either by coloured latex or by India ink and gelatine. Some of our specimens were treated by the Spalteholz technique of transclarification, while some others were treated by acid corrosion. All of the specimens were dissected under the dissecting microscope. The superficial palmar arch (SPA) is the main vascular structure of the palm of the hand. Regardless of its size and of its variation, in addition to the common palmar digital arteries, the SPA supplies the superficial flexor tendons, flexor retinaculum, median and ulnar nerves, tendon of the flexor pollicis longus muscle, lumbrical muscles, palmar aponeurosis and the skin of the palm of the hand. These data may be of interest to those involved in hand surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The reversed fasciosubcutaneous flap in the leg.

A reversed fasciosubcutaneous tissue flap in the leg is described. This distally based flap is vascularized by the perforating cutaneous branches of the peroneal and tibialis posterior arteries. It must carry all its subcutaneous tissue. A study on the vascularization of the subcutaneous tissue reveals the predominance of the vascular network in this layer with regard to the dermal or fascial plane. The dermal vascular network at the donor site is sufficient to let the skin survive without its underlying subcutaneous vascular support. The flap can reach the malleolar and heel region. The advantages of this technique are (1) easy dissection, (2) preservation of the major vascular pedicles of the lower limb, (3) skin preservation at the donor site, thus preserving the shape of the limb, and (4) versatility (it is supple and can adapt to every surface, and it can be grafted on the deep or the superficial side). The addition of this technique to the armamentarium of the reconstructive surgeon has proved to be very useful in repairing soft-tissue defects in the lower limb. Often it can replace the classical fasciocutaneous flap or even a free flap.

Fasciotomy↗
PubMed1991

[The ligaments of the fingers. Anatomical study of the Cleland ligaments].

The aim of this study was to establish a precise architecture of the retinacular ligaments of human digits. Sixty selected digits from human cadavers aged 40-70 years were used in this study. We were able to identify, under the dissecting microscope, two distinct ligamentous complexes: one proximal of greater importance and the other distal of lesser importance. Both structures extend from the periosteum as well as from the fibrous part of the digital sheath to the skin. There are many variations in size and in shape of these structures but they are not related to a particular digit. The role of these ligaments is to prevent the 'effet de doigt de gant', to stabilize and to maintain the neurovascular bundle of the digit at the moment of the digital flexion.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The blood supply of the flexor retinaculum.

The anatomical details of the vascularization of the flexor retinaculum of the hand have been studied. The principal sources of blood supply were revealed by means of coloured latex injection and trans-clarification by the Spalteholz method. Micro-dissection demonstrated the existence of two networks, superficial and deep; the superficial network is formed by branches of the ulnar artery and the deep network by branches of the palmar superficial arch. These observations could have practical significance with regard to the site of incision in carpal tunnel operations.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Arcus palmaris superficialis.

The purpose of this study was to investigate in depth the arcus palmaris superficialis in order to evaluate two different views of the superficial blood supply of the palm; the classical view which puts emphasis on the existence of the arcus palmaris superficialis and a new interpretation in which the arcus palmaris superficialis is not mentioned. Fifty upper extremities from fresh human cadavers of both sexes, age range 20-80, were studied. The observations showed that the arcus palmaris superficialis was present in 97% of the cases, that in 85% of the cases it anastomosed with different arteries originating from the radial artery. In 2% of the cases the arteria mediana anterior contributes to the arch and in only 3% of the cases was the arcus palmaris superficialis incomplete. Therefore, it can be concluded that the arcus palmaris superficialis is the main blood vessel of the superficial region of the palm.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Blood supply of the subcutaneous tissue of the upper limb and its importance in the subcutaneous flap.

Vascularization of the subcutaneous tissue of the upper extremity is described. Injection of coloured latex or India ink and gelatine solution showed the principal sources of the blood supply. Microdissection and transclarification of Spalteholz allowed for the study of the direct and indirect arterial branches which form the principal network of the subcutaneous tissue. The findings are of practical importance since the subcutaneous tissue can be used as a separate flap for covering soft tissue defects of the forearm and hand.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Vascular anatomy of the digital extensors.

Fifty upper extremities from fresh human cadavers age range 20 to 80 years were used in the study of the vascularization of the tendons of the digital extensor muscles. The blood supply to the tendon originates from different sources at different levels. At the level of the musculotendineal junction the tendon receives the blood supply through the arteries of the fleshy part of the muscle. In the synovial sheath the arteries reach the tendon through the mesotendon. In the metacarpal region and on the back of the digits the arteries reach the tendon through the paratenonium and through the branches of the digitopalmar arches. In all cases and at all levels the arterial branches to the extensors divide in a "T" shape manner into an ascending and a descending branch. Some areas of the tendon which are exposed to the less favourable mechanical conditions receive less blood supply.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Subcutaneous tissue in the scalp: anatomical, physiological, and clinical study.

The galea aponeurotica has been used by various surgeons either as a supporting sheet or as a blood carrier for bringing flaps to various areas of the face. In this study, we first reviewed the anatomy of the scalp vascularization by means of cadaver injections. The arteries and veins are mainly located in the galea and numerous anastomotic vessels are present over the vertex. The physiology of this vascularization has been studied by percutaneous PO2 registration after occlusion of various vessels by means of a tourniquet placed around the head. The superficial temporal arteries have been found to be the most important vessels for designing flaps over the head. On the basis of these experiments, several patients have been operated upon. The possibility of using a skin island from the retroauricular region based on subcutaneous tissue only is described.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Subcutaneous tissue flaps in the limbs: an anatomical and clinical approach.

We present an anatomical study and clinical applications of a subcutaneous tissue flap in the limbs. This tissue, located between dermis and muscular aponeurosis, is an anatomical entity nourished by a well-developed vascular network. It is used mainly as a local flap able to bear a skin graft. Elastic, resistant, and well padded, it gives good coverage for soft tissue defects while leaving the surrounding skin untouched. In some circumstances, this simple technique can avoid delicate procedures, such as free flaps, or unsightly donor site defects after fasciocutaneous flaps.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The use of subcutaneous tissue flaps in the repair of soft tissue defects of the forearm and hand: an experimental and clinical study of a new technique.

This paper records our experience with a new technique of providing cover for soft tissue defects of the upper extremity using flaps consisting of subcutaneous tissue only and relying on the arterial anastomotic network of this tissue layer to sustain its vascularisation. The experimental basis of this technique is described in detail and two illustrations of the clinical use of this technique are given. The main advantages of this type of flap are its ready availability from the local tissues, its elasticity, the absence of functional and aesthetic disturbance at the donor site and the preservation of the natural contour of the limb.

Adolescent↗