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Biomedical subjects

A Zieliński

Publications and source records attributed to A Zieliński.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Epidemiology of childhood bacterial meningitis in Poland. Incidence of bacterial meningitis with special reference to Haemophilus influenzae type b among children 0-59 months old in the former Kielce and Bydgoszcz districts in Poland in 1998-1999.

Population based surveillance was undertaken to assess the incidence of meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b in children 0-59 months old in Kielce and Bydgoszcz districts in Poland in 1998 and 1999. The cases were prospectively identified in pediatric and neuroinfection wards of local hospitals where all cases of children with suspected meningitis are referred in both districts. The mean annual incidence of meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b in children 0-59 months old in Kielce district during the study period was estimated at 3.1 per 100,000 per year (10.3% of cases of bacterial meningitis with confirmed etiology). In Bydgoszcz district, the annual incidence was 9.7 per 100,000 (50% of confirmed cases). These estimations are lower than reported in most Western European countries before the immunization against Hib was introduced. Small numbers of Hib vaccinations reported from both districts do not seem likely to have influenced the data significantly.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2001

[Tetanus in Poland in 1999].

In last decade gradual decrease in numbers of reported cases of tetanus was observed. In 1999, 21 cases of tetanus (14 women and 7 men) were reported in Poland. All those cases were among people of age 40 or more. 23.8% of cases died. Case fatality increased with age. In more than 90% vaccination status of cases was unknown. The data show effectiveness of vaccination program in younger age groups, but they also show need for promotion of post exposure prophylaxis, especially among older people both in rural and in urban areas. No case of neonatal tetanus was noted in Poland since 1984.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Epidemiological assessment of an effectiveness of vaccinations].

The study deals with the notion of the effectiveness of vaccination in relation to vaccine efficacy and the performance of the vaccination programs. The types of epidemiological studies used in assessment of vaccine effectiveness are presented and listed are the most common sources of bias in those studies. Basic formulas for calculation of vaccine efficiency coefficient are given as applied for cohort and case-control studies. Ways of estimation of vaccine effectiveness in outbreaks of epidemics are presented in relation to the degree of vaccine coverage and herd immunity effect. Effectiveness is analyzed as one of the many aspects in evaluation of the epidemiological impact of vaccinations.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed2001

[Studies of effectiveness of vaccination against pertussis during 1997-1998 outbreak in Poland].

During the last decade shift in incidence of pertussis toward the older age groups was observed. Also marked increase in incidence of pertussis in the second half of 1997 and first half of 1998 has occurred in our highly vaccinated population. In lieu of those facts question arises on effectiveness of national vaccination program in respect to immunological adequacy of vaccine used as well as to the vaccinations calendar. Estimations of the values of vaccine efficiency coefficient were calculated for age groups of 2-5, 6-9 and 10-13 years for six month periods in 1997-1998. Sustained good effectiveness of vaccinations was observed in a group 2-5 years of age. In older groups marked decrease of effectiveness was observed during 1997/1998 outbreak of whooping cough. The effectiveness of vaccinations among children of 10-13 years dropped at the outbreak to insignificant levels. Such results indicate good vaccine protection at the age of 2-5 which reflects immunological adequacy of vaccine used in Poland. But this protective effect declines in later years indicating need for additional dose of vaccine for children after five years of age.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed2001

[Pertussis in Poland in 1999].

Following marked increase in number of reported cases of pertussis in 1997/1998, the incidence decreased 1999, but still remained higher than in the years 1993-1996. A general trend toward increase of the fraction of older cases is continued since 1992. The cause of this changing pattern may be decreasing level of antibodies against pertussis following immunizations and lack of a buster dose at the age of 5-7 years. Introduction of such an additional dose of vaccine may increase immunity of those older children who at the present time are susceptible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Meningitis and encephalitis in Poland in 1999].

2,020 cases of meningitis and 494 of encephalitis were reported in Poland in 1999. Among meningitis 1,024 cases were classified as viral and 996 as bacterial. Etiological factor was determined in 264 (26.5%) cases of bacterial meningitis. Among them Neisseria meningitidis was found in 119 cases, Haemophilus influenzae in 63 cases and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 90 cases. Among types of diagnosed N. meningitidis, as in previous years, type B was strongly predominating. Out of 494 cases of encephalitis 101 cases of tick borne encephalitis were reported in Poland in 1999, most of them from endemic areas of north-eastern part of the country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Pertussis in 1998].

In 1998 further global increase in reported cases of pertussis in Poland was observed. The total number of reported cases was 2871 including 854 cases reported in 1998 which occurred in 1997. Most of the cases accumulated in first quarter of the year, with subsequent decrease in the second half of the year, to the level below observed in 1997 in the same seasons. So the most evident increase of the incidence of pertussis was present in the last two quarters of 1997 and first quarter of 1998. Observed temporary increase of pertussis incidence occurred without any significant changes in vaccination coverage and does not seem to be related to changes in vaccine effectiveness. In last two years increased incidence of pertussis was observed in all age groups, but in older ones: 5-9, 10-14 increase in incidence was higher (Table III). Major problem in reporting of pertussis in Poland is small fraction of cases confirmed by culture or by ELISA test, which brings possibility of small specificity of diagnostic procedures used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Meningitis and encephalitis in 1998].

In 1998--3,024 cases of meningitis and 581 cases of encephalitis were reported. It was 1,436 cases less then in 1997. A significant decrease of enteroviral meningitidis was observed and strains of ECHO30 was not dominant, it was Cox B5. Among bacterial factors the most common was N. meningitidis. 131 sporadic cases of meningitis caused by this bacteria were reported with serotype B dominating (96%). There were 103 cases of bacterial meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae and 101 cases caused by H. influenzae b among those with confirmed diagnosis. There were 208 cases of tick-borne encephalitis, diagnosed mainly in endemic areas of Białystok and Suwałki voivodeships.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Tetanus in 1998].

In last decade gradual decrease in numbers of reported cases of tetanus was observed. In 1998, 22 cases of tetanus (15 women and 7 men) were reported in Poland. All those cases were among people of age 40 or more. In 54.5% of cases died. Case fatality increased with age, and among people 70 or older all cases were fatal. Among reported cases only 2(10%) people were immunized after injury and 20 (90%) were not. Cases of tetanus were more frequent in rural (14) than in urban (8) regions. The data show effectiveness of vaccination program in younger age groups, but they also show need for promotion of post exposure prophylaxis, especially among older people both in rural and in urban areas. No case of neonatal tetanus was noted in Poland since 1984.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Surgical treatment of partial defects of the nose].

During the last 15 years (1981-1995) 70 patients (38 male and 32 female) with partial defects of the nose were treated in the Department of Plastic Surgery of the Medical University of Lódź. In 26 cases there were posttraumatic defects and in 44 patients the defects were secondary to removal of a neoplasm. Patients were divided into two groups. In the first one there were patients with loss of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of a part of the nose; in the second group there were full-thickness defects of the alar base and/or alar rim and columella. Type of surgical reconstruction of the partial defects of the nose depends on location, size and deepness of the defect as well as on the patient's age. The goal of a surgeon who performs the reconstruction is to choose the most simple method with the lowest risk of complications and the method of the best possible esthetic and functional effect. The authors analyze the results of reconstruction of partial defects of the nose with the application of different methods. In 25 patients reconstruction was performed with the use of the pedicled nosolabial transposition flaps, while in other 17 cases composite grafts from auricle were made. Pedicled flaps from the forehead were used in 18 patients, tubed flaps in 3 and retroauricular flaps in 2 individuals. In one case replantation of the nose tissues was performed.

Female↗
PubMed1999

[The concept of herd immunity applied to the evaluation of vaccination programs].

The article concerns the definition and ways of estimation of indicators of herd immunity as applied to the analysis of the efficiency of vaccination programmes. Some important factors are discussed which determine the proportion of vaccinated individuals in the population necessary for decrease of incidence and eventually for elimination of the disease from a population. The problems related to definition and calculation of herd immunity in populations non uniform in terms of individual risk of infection are discussed.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed1999

[What do we mean by the concept of principles of investigation?].

It is a review of basic epidemiological techniques used for investigation of an outbreak of epidemic. The author defines types of epidemics and characterizes conditions of their occurrence and progression in spatial and temporal ramifications. The basic types of epidemiological research used in epidemiological analysis such as cohort and case-control study are characterized and exemplified with application to the outbreak of epidemic. The article provides in the conclusion basic logistic and organizational principles for such an investigation.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1999

[Introduction to the epidemiology of disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae].

This review article characterizes Haemophilus influenzae bacteria and presents basic clinical syndromes caused by it. It informs about sources and pathways of Haemophilus influenzae infection and gives basic comparative data on its epidemiology in different countries, and also different ethnic and social groups.

Africa↗
PubMed1998

[The use of the ox's vein for myringotomy of the ear].

The study presents a modification of the method developed by Zini et al. to prepare an ox's vein for a myringoplasty. The graft of the vein was pickled in a trypsin solution, fixed in formaldehyde and stored in a 70% ethanol solution. It was established that the incubation period of the vein in the trypsin solution required to produce the best histological specimens for this purpose was 5 hours. The preparation of the ox vein for a graft with the use of trypsin is relatively simple and inexpensive. Xenografts of ox veins for use in myringoplasties in humans are a good material and may be successfully used both in reconstructions of large defects in the tympanic membrane and in operations to correct congenital atresia of the ear.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Initial evaluation of the diagnostic usefulness of tuberculin tests among the patients of the Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of AIDS].

Tuberculin and Candida skin tests were done on 98 HIV(+) and 42 control HIV(-) patients of AIDS Diagnosis and Therapy Center in Warsaw. Prevalence of the positive Tuberculin tests in the control group was 29% and it was not significantly different from those groups of patients HIV(+) whose CD4 cell count was higher than 350. For those with CD4 cell count 350 or below, tests were positive only in two cases both of the patients with active tuberculosis. The prevalence of positive Candida tests was in the control group only 12% and such result did not differ significantly from any other group of HIV positive patients with different CD4 cell counts. It is concluded that routine Tuberculin skin tests might be of value due to low initial prevalence among patients of the AIDS Center and that those persons who undergo conversion into positive tests will be under high suspicion of TB asymptomatic infection. Low prevalence and rather random distribution of positive Candida skin tests shows their insufficiency as single reference tests in anergy panel.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

[Initial assessment of the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in diagnosis of tuberculosis among patients of the Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of AIDS].

This initial report on the use of PCR in diagnosis of TB was based on a group of 180 patients observed in the AIDS Diagnosis and Therapy Center in Warsaw. Out of 6 patients with positive results of PCR assay for MTB, five had positive AFB smears in induced sputum or BAL, two had positive MTB cultures. Five of them were treated with tuberculostatic drugs with clinical improvement and had negative sputum PCR MTB results after several weeks. Additional 11 patients with AFB positive sputum or BAL smears and negative PCR MTB were observed. None of them developed pulmonary tuberculosis, and none of them was confirmed by culture as MTB infection. The results presented in this paper confirm high specificity and sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as an fast diagnostic test very useful in the clinical settings of AIDS. With the increase of collected material further evaluation will be continued.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1995

[Toxoplasmosis in patients with AIDS].

Toxoplasmosis in patients with AIDS has specific traits, differentiating it from cases occurring in immuno-competent persons. Some features of the parasite, which are important for the clinical outcome of the disease, and the epidemiology, histopathology and clinical picture of toxoplasmosis in conditions of immuno-deficiency are discussed in the paper.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗