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A van den Bogaard

Publications and source records attributed to A van den Bogaard.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Survival of the probiotic, L. plantarum 299v and its effects on the faecal bacterial flora, with and without gastric acid inhibition.

INTRODUCTION: Probiotic bacteria have to survive passage through the gastrointestinal tract. In this placebo-controlled double-blind study, the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on the faecal flora was studied with and without gastric acid inhibition. METHODS: Thirty-two healthy volunteers were given pantoprazole (40 mg/day) or placebo for 3 weeks from week 2 until week 4. In addition, from week 3 until week 4, L. plantarum 299v in an oatmeal-fermented drink (10(9) CFU/ml) was given twice daily to both groups. From each healthy volunteer, faecal samples were collected at the end of week 1, 2, 4 and 8 (4 weeks after cessation of L. plantarum 299v and pantoprazole/placebo). Several aerobically and anaerobically growing bacteria were counted and short chain fatty acid concentrations were determined. RESULTS: In both the pantoprazole and the placebo group, median lactobacilli counts increased significantly in week 4 compared to week 1 (from log 4.5 to 8.0 CFU/g faeces in pantoprazole and from log 4.2 to 7.7 CFU/g faeces in placebo group) and decreased significantly in week 8 (to log 4.5 CFU/g faeces in pantoprazole and log 4.3 CFU/g faeces in placebo group). These lactobacilli were identified as L. plantarum 299v. No significant differences were observed in all other bacterial counts and short chain fatty acid concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: The comparable increase of faecal lactobacilli counts in both the pantoprazole and the placebo-treated group demonstrates that L. plantarum 299v survives passage through the gastrointestinal tract irrespective of gastric acidity. The increment of the intra-gastric pH in combination with L. plantarum 299v did not modulate bacterial composition and/or the production of short chain fatty acids.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed2003

Antibiotic use and the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria from healthy volunteers in the dutch community.

BACKGROUND: Although most antibiotics are consumed in the community (80%), the relation of antibiotic consumption and resistance in the community has not been thoroughly studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, antibiotic use was related to the prevalence of antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli and enterococci isolated from healthy volunteers living in the southern part of the Netherlands in 1996 and 1999. RESULTS: No change in the total antibiotic use in the Dutch community was observed between 1996 and 1999 (3542 and 3598 defined daily doses [DDD] per 1000 inhabitants/year). However, the increased fluoroquinolone use (+ 18%) and the increased prevalence of ciprofloxacin resistance from 0 to 2% is a point of concern, especially since this was accompanied by a significant shift towards higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (p < 0.05). A significant decrease in the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (p < 0.05) was found in addition to a significant shift towards lower MIC valued for avoparcin, a glycopeptide previously used as growth promoter in animal husbandry (p < 0.05). This was very likely due to the banning of avoparcin for this purpose from April 1997 onwards. CONCLUSION: In order to maintain the low level of antibiotic use and resistance in The Netherlands, surveillance of antibiotic resistance in nonclinical isolates in relation to antibiotic use is very important.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2003

Probiotics in gastroenterology: indications and future perspectives.

Nowadays. there is a growing interest in probiotics as a safe way of changing the intestinal bacterial flora. Probiotics may have potential in several gastroenterological conditions, especially when the intestinal flora has been disturbed. Most scientific evidence is available for diarrhoea patients treated with Lactobacillus GG, Lactobacillus reuteri or Saccharomyces boulardii. Meta-analyses have shown an overall reduction in the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea during treatment with probiotics, and benefits have also been demonstrated for patients with rota-virus-associated diarrhoea. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease, an inflammatory disorder characterized by a change in the intestinal flora, are another important target group for which probiotics may be beneficial. It has been claimed that in ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease patients, lactobacilli, S. boulardii and Escherichia coli reduce relapses. but most studies were not placebo-controlled. A reduction in relapses has also been demonstrated in pouchitis patients treated with a multispecies probiotic. Irritable bowel syndrome might be another clinical indication for probiotic therapy, but results of clinical trials performed in these patients are inconsistent. Additionally, probiotics may improve lactose absorption. Helicobacter pylori eradication and constipation. Finally, in animal models of colorectal cancer, treatment with probiotics reduces the prevalence of this disease, and in humans the amount of genotoxic substances in faeces has been reduced. In conclusion, the results of studies on the effects of probiotics in gastrointestinal conditions are encouraging. but well-designed placebo-controlled studies are warranted before recommendations for therapeutic or preventive use can be given. Many issues still have to be resolved, including optimal dose and duration of treatment, selection of and differences between the several available probiotic strains, and, importantly, their mechanisms of actions have to be elucidated.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1999

Enterococci with glycopeptide resistance in turkeys, turkey farmers, turkey slaughterers, and (sub)urban residents in the south of The Netherlands: evidence for transmission of vancomycin resistance from animals to humans?

The number of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) relative to the total number of enterococci was determined in fecal samples from turkeys and three human populations in 1996, each with a different level of contact with turkeys, i.e., turkey farmers, turkey slaughterers, and (sub)urban residents. The percentage of VRE relative to the total enterococcal population (i.e., the degree of resistance) was low (2 to 4%) in all groups (except in six samples). No difference was observed between farmers who used avoparcin and those who did not. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of the VRE isolates from the different populations were quite heterogeneous, but isolates with the same PFGE pattern were found among animal and human isolates, in addition to the isolates which were described previously (A. E. van den Bogaard, L. B. Jensen, and E. E. Stobberingh, N. Engl. J. Med. 337:1558-1559, 1997). Detailed molecular characterization of vanA-containing transposons from different isolates showed, that in addition to a previously reported strain, similar transposons were present in VRE isolates from turkeys and turkey farmers. Moreover, similar VanA elements were found not only in isolates with the same PFGE pattern but also in other strains from both humans and animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Dynamic urinary graciloplasty in male goats: a study on histology and urethral pressures.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of dynamic bulbous urinary graciloplasty with respect to graciloplasty histology and urethral pressures. Two adult male goats underwent a pulled-through bulbous urethral graciloplasty with implant of electrodes and a pulse stimulator. Afterwards, a stimulation protocol was applied to have the fatiguable type II fibers replaced by fatigue-resistant type I fibers. Urethral pressure profilometry as well as analysis of histology was performed afterwards and compared with preoperative biopsies and preoperative recorded urethral pressures. Successful conversion from type II into type I muscle fibers was observed; the percentage of type I fibers increased from 29% to 83%. The percentage of connective tissue increased from 8% to 16%. No stricturing of the bulbous urethra was observed. The urethral pressures before stimulation increased from a mean of 107 cm H2O without stimulation, to 187 cm H2O with stimulation for the two goats. After training, the urethral pressure increased from a mean of 85 cm H2O without stimulation, to 118 cm H2O with stimulation. In male goats, successful dynamic urinary graciloplasty at the bulbous urethra is feasible. The achieved muscle fiber conversion guarantees fatigue-resistance, necessary for a continuous sphincteric muscle contraction. The maximal urethral pressures, however, are lower than those without stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Antibiotic resistance among Escherichia coli isolated from faecal samples of pig farmers and pigs.

The prevalence and degree of antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli found in 266 faecal samples of pig farmers was significantly lower than that observed in 285 samples obtained from their pigs. Moreover, porcine E. coli were significantly more resistant to chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, oxytetracycline, streptomycin and sulphamethoxazole than were farmer isolates. Resistant pig isolates showed resistance patterns mainly to oxytetracycline and streptomycin and oxytetracycline and streptomycin and sulphamethoxazole whereas the corresponding farmer isolates were mainly resistant to a single agent such as amoxycillin or sulphamethoxazole although 41 were resistant to both streptomycin and sulphamethoxazole. The resistance patterns of only 4% of farmer E. coli and those of pigs from the same farm (n = 259) showed resistance to the same antibiotics. These results suggest that the resistance of the faecal E. coli of farmers and their pigs is distinctly different.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed1996

In-vitro transfer of antibiotic resistance between faecal Escherichia coli strains isolated from pig farmers and pigs.

Faecal Escherichia coli isolated from farmers and their pigs were analyzed for biotypes, plasmid patterns and transferability of antibiotic resistance. Pairs of isolates from the farmer and pigs from the same farm with the same resistance patterns formed group A and were compared with pig and farmer isolates showing different patterns (group B). Only one pair of isolates in group A and one in group B had the same biotype. Whole plasmid patterns and plasmid profiles after restriction analysis of the paired isolates of group A showed only minimal similarities. Whereas 10/11 pig isolates in group B transferred resistance, 50% in group A did so. Transfer experiments showed similar frequencies of transfer for farmer and pig isolates in both groups. The present study does not provide conclusive evidence that there is a common pool of resistance plasmids among farmers and their pigs.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1995

In-vivo transfer of resistance plasmids in rat, human or pig-derived intestinal flora using a rat model.

Germ-free rats associated with either rat- (RIF), human- (HIF) or pig-(PIF) derived Enterobacteriaceae-free intestinal flora were used for in vivo experiments to detect transfer of antibiotic resistance. Transfer of resistance was observed most frequently from the porcine donor strain to acceptor strain Escherichia coli K12, showing the highest number of transconjugants in the faeces of HIF-rats. The rats associated with the human donor strain and E. coli K12 as acceptor showed transconjugants less frequently. Only the HIF-rats yielded transconjugants on each sampling day and none at all could be isolated from the PIF-rats. Almost no transconjugants were found in the faeces of rats associated with the pig donor strain and a wild human E. coli strain as acceptor. Factors such as the nature of the donor and recipient strains as well as the origin of the intestinal flora seemed to have an influence on plasmid transfer. Transferability was highest in the HIF-rats and could be increased by administration of lincomycin. This study showed that in vivo transfer of resistance plasmids is possible in rats associated with intestinal floras of different origins. The human intestinal flora seemed to permit better transfer of resistance than that derived from the pig or the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Resistance in faecal Escherichia coli isolated from pigfarmers and abattoir workers.

Faecal samples collected from three populations of healthy adult volunteers (290 pigfarmers, 316 abattoir workers, 160 (sub)urban residents) living in the south of The Netherlands were analysed for the prevalence and degree of antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli. Significant differences in prevalence of resistance to amoxicillin, neomycin, oxytetracycline, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim were observed. The pigfarmers showed the highest percentages of resistance and the (sub)urban residents the lowest. In contrast no significant differences in high degrees of resistance were observed, except for neomycin. Although both pigfarmers and abattoir workers have regular contact with pigs differences in prevalences of resistance were observed. However, because abattoir workers with intensive and less intensive pig(carcass) contact did not show significant differences, this is probably not the only important source of resistant E. coli in pigfarmers. The high antibiotic use by pigfarmers (5%) and abattoir workers (8%) than by (sub)urban residents (0%) did not result in significantly different resistance percentages.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1993

Antibiotic resistance of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from the faecal flora of fattening pigs.

From June 1991 to April 1992 407 faecal samples were collected from three groups of pigs (I n = 248, II n = 87, III n = 72) at a pig fattening farm to determine the prevalence and the degree of antibiotic resistance of Enterobacteriaceae as well as the antibiotic susceptibility of the strains isolated. Despite the absence of mass medication during the observation period, the prevalence of resistance to the most commonly used antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine was high (range amoxicillin 70%-97%, oxytetracycline 89%-100%, sulfamethoxazole 88%-100%, trimethoprim 78%-100%). The high degree of resistance to oxytetracycline and sulfamethoxazole ranged from 8%-67% and 4%-46%, respectively. The percentage of the isolated Escherichia coli strains resistant to oxytetracycline, streptomycin and sulfamethoxazole ranged from 49% to 68%; the other agents tested showed lower percentages (0-13%). Resistance to three or more antibiotics was observed in 43% of the isolates. Of the 52 resistance patterns that could be distinguished, 51% was accounted by only four patterns: oxytetracycline+streptomycin+sulfamethoxazole 20%, sulfamethoxazole 12%, streptomycin+sulfamethoxazole 11% and streptomycin+oxytetracycline 8%.

Animal Husbandry↗